Regenerate generated files and fold pending files [skip ci]

Kernel cases: match the reorder refusal's new wording (#12392 )
#12171 changed the reorder refusal to "moving Notch to position 0 breaks Notch (...)", so the history case that expected "moving Notch there breaks Notch" now fails in the kernel rig on every pull request that runs it. The case checks a substring, so expect "breaks Notch", which both wordings contain.
2026-11-06 03:51:08 +00:00 · 2026-11-06 03:24:10 +00:00 · 2026-11-06 02:56:29 +00:00 · 2026-11-06 02:47:52 +00:00 · 2026-11-06 02:12:45 +00:00 · 2026-11-06 01:45:23 +00:00
835 changed files with 135408 additions and 11766 deletions
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
 SolidCraft is a clean-room, pure-Rust parametric 3D CAD app (sketch solver, feature timeline, B-rep kernel, an egui UI that agents drive). This file is a router: the hard rules, then the skill to read for your task. Humans: CONTRIBUTING.md.

 ## Start here
-Work: ROADMAP.md, "Where help is wanted most" in CONTRIBUTING.md, issues labelled `help wanted`, `good first issue`, `needs-triage`; architecture in `docs/architecture.md`. Act when the code, docs and rules settle a question; ask only when it changes what users see. Local `plan/` notes are optional.
+Work: ROADMAP.md, "Where help is wanted most" in CONTRIBUTING.md, issues labelled `help wanted`, `good first issue`, `needs-triage`; architecture in `docs/architecture.md`. Local `plan/` notes are optional.

 ## Hard rules (what enforces each)
 - Independent: never copy another product's code, icons, text or templates; never drive or take data from commercial CAD. `skills/solidcraft-ground-rules/SKILL.md`.
 - No GPL/LGPL/AGPL code, not even reading it (OpenCASCADE, FreeCAD, SolveSpace, CadQuery, LibreCAD, QCAD): `cargo xtask licences --check`.
 - Every asset is original or openly licensed with a row in ATTRIBUTION.md; read `assets/AGENTS.md` before icon work: `cargo xtask assets`, `cargo xtask icons`.
- Never crash: no unwrap/expect/panic/unsafe in non-test code (unsafe allowlist in crash-safety), errors are `Result`, input is hostile: clippy `-D warnings`, `hostile_params_never_panic`.
+- Never crash: no unwrap/expect/panic/unsafe in non-test code, errors are `Result`, input is hostile: clippy `-D warnings`, `hostile_params_never_panic`.
 - Model decisions (what an operation does, which bodies it touches, which face or edge a point or name means, depths, nearness) use exact geometry; a mesh is for display, export, previews and mesh bodies (`xtask/mesh-decisions.txt` only shrinks): `cargo xtask mesh-decisions`.
 - New kernel cases go to solidcore: `cargo xtask lists`.
 - Everything is a command and programmatic calls never open dialogs: `skills/solidcraft-commands/SKILL.md`.
@@ -21,12 +21,14 @@ Work: ROADMAP.md, "Where help is wanted most" in CONTRIBUTING.md, issues labelle
 - A design-format change is ONE new file in `crates/doc/src/format/pending/`: `scripts/test-format-pending.sh`.
 - A command has input and output schemas (will become required; `schema/unconverted.txt` only shrinks): `skills/solidcraft-commands/SKILL.md`.
 - New UI strings go in `assets/locales/pending/<slug>.json`, ATTRIBUTION rows in `attribution/pending/<slug>.md`: `cargo xtask lists`.
- A changed default keeps the old behaviour behind a preference and fills the PR's `Changes a default:` line, and no second PR for an issue a lower-numbered one closes: `pr-checks.yml`.
+- A changed default keeps the old behaviour behind a preference and fills the PR's `Changes a default:` line: `pr-checks.yml`.
 - A regression test goes in the area's existing test file, never a per-bug file (#3226).
- Look at open PRs first, claim with a draft PR (lowest number wins), one topic per PR, never force-push `main`, no pushes just to catch up with `main`: `skills/solidcraft-contributing/SKILL.md`.
+- Look at open PRs first, claim with a draft PR (lowest number wins), one topic per PR: `skills/solidcraft-contributing/SKILL.md`.
 - A PR's title and first sentence make sense to someone who never saw your chat or the issue: `skills/solidcraft-contributing/SKILL.md`.
+- Code, comments, commit messages and docs are in English, always: `skills/solidcraft-contributing/SKILL.md` ("Working as an agent").
+- Independent work runs in parallel, dependent work stays sequential: `skills/solidcraft-contributing/SKILL.md` ("Working as an agent").
 - Show observable changes with real screenshots or a recording, captured yourself.
- Run `cargo xtask ci` before every commit, without switching branches while it runs. `cargo xtask skills` keeps this file and `skills/` honest.
+- Run `cargo xtask ci` before every commit. `cargo xtask skills` keeps this file and `skills/` honest.

 ## Working on X: read the skill first
 | Working on | Read |
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ Editable drawing code, native projects and shipped exports are collected under `
 | assets/fonts/ibm-plex-mono/IBMPlexMono-Regular.ttf | IBM Corp. (IBM Plex Mono) | https://github.com/IBM/plex (via google/fonts), unmodified; licence text in assets/fonts/ibm-plex-mono/OFL.txt; the interface monospace font | SIL OFL 1.1 |
 | assets/fonts/ibm-plex-sans/IBMPlexSans-Variable.ttf | IBM Corp. (IBM Plex Sans, variable wdth and wght) | https://github.com/IBM/plex (via google/fonts), unmodified; licence text in assets/fonts/ibm-plex-sans/OFL.txt; the default interface font | SIL OFL 1.1 |
 | docs/book/src/generated/tool-preview.png | SolidCraft contributors | rendered by `cargo xtask book` (`solidcraft-cli snapshot docs/book/scripts/tool-preview.json`; gitignored) | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
-| assets/fonts/liberation-sans/LiberationSans-Regular.ttf | Red Hat, Inc. (Liberation Fonts 2.x; digitized data Google) | https://github.com/liberationfonts (Debian fonts-liberation), unmodified; licence text in assets/fonts/liberation-sans/OFL.txt; used for sketch Text outlines | SIL OFL 1.1 |
 | assets/fonts/biz-udp-gothic/BIZUDPGothic-Regular.ttf | The BIZ UDGothic Project Authors | https://github.com/googlefonts/morisawa-biz-ud-gothic (Google Fonts), unmodified; licence text in assets/fonts/biz-udp-gothic/OFL.txt; used for web UI Japanese font | SIL OFL 1.1 |
 | assets/fonts/craft-ui-sc/CraftUI-SC.otf | Adobe / Google Inc. (Noto Sans SC); SolidCraft subset | https://github.com/notofonts/noto-cjk Sans/SubsetOTF/SC Regular, glyph-subset for assets/locales/zh.json and renamed Craft UI SC (OFL reserved-name); licence text in assets/fonts/craft-ui-sc/OFL.txt; web UI Simplified Chinese | SIL OFL 1.1 |
 | assets/fonts/craft-ui-tc/CraftUI-TC.otf | Adobe / Google Inc. (Noto Sans TC); SolidCraft subset | https://github.com/notofonts/noto-cjk Sans/SubsetOTF/TC Regular, glyph-subset for assets/locales/zh-TW.json and renamed Craft UI TC (OFL reserved-name); licence text in assets/fonts/craft-ui-tc/OFL.txt; web UI Traditional Chinese | SIL OFL 1.1 |
@@ -147,7 +146,6 @@ Editable drawing code, native projects and shipped exports are collected under `
 | assets/fonts/craft-ui-tc/OFL.txt | Adobe / Google Inc. (Noto CJK); SolidCraft header | Accompanying OFL for CraftUI-TC.otf | SIL OFL 1.1 |
 | assets/fonts/ibm-plex-mono/OFL.txt | IBM Corp. | Unmodified accompanying font licence | SIL OFL 1.1 |
 | assets/fonts/ibm-plex-sans/OFL.txt | IBM Corp. | Unmodified accompanying font licence | SIL OFL 1.1 |
-| assets/fonts/liberation-sans/OFL.txt | Red Hat, Inc.; Liberation Fonts contributors | Unmodified accompanying font licence | SIL OFL 1.1 |
 | assets/icons/app/linux/exports/hicolor/128x128/apps/io.tangencylabs.solidcraft.png | SolidCraft contributors | Generated from assets/icons/app/shared/source/app_icon.rs with the original CLI/ICO encoders | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
 | assets/icons/app/linux/exports/hicolor/16x16/apps/io.tangencylabs.solidcraft.png | SolidCraft contributors | Generated from assets/icons/app/shared/source/app_icon.rs with the original CLI/ICO encoders | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
 | assets/icons/app/linux/exports/hicolor/24x24/apps/io.tangencylabs.solidcraft.png | SolidCraft contributors | Generated from assets/icons/app/shared/source/app_icon.rs with the original CLI/ICO encoders | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
@@ -798,6 +796,51 @@ Original SolidCraft drawings, Open for owner review; no runtime assignments.
 | docs/book/src/media/ui-tour/window.png | SolidCraft contributors | screenshot of SolidCraft 0.29.0 itself (`solidcraft --sample`, default dark theme, software renderer, 1280x800) with original numbered callouts (digits set in DejaVu Sans Bold), captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
 | docs/book/src/media/ui-tour/navigate.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (`--sample`, default dark theme, software renderer) orbiting, panning and zooming, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
 | assets/locales/pending/sketch-tool-hints.json | carlymx | Original sketch tool hints and engine error translations | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| assets/locales/pending/primitive-pick-field-tips.json | SolidCraft contributors | Original primitive pick-field tooltip translations | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| assets/locales/pending/ribbon-panel-hover.json | SolidCraft contributors | Original ribbon panel menu preference labels and translations | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/screenshots/box-insert-designer.gif | Shawn Marx | original recording made with BoxInsertDesigner's own Motion export (its three.js viewer) of its example game `examples/ccg-example` (https://github.com/ShawnMarx/BoxInsertDesigner): a card game box insert whose trays were built by SolidCraft through `solidcraft-cli`; the published card, board and box art in it is pixelated beyond recognition, and no logos or game names are shown (2.5× playback, 800 px wide) | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/screenshots/box-insert-designer.mp4 | Shawn Marx | original recording made with BoxInsertDesigner's own Motion export (its three.js viewer) of its example game `examples/ccg-example` (https://github.com/ShawnMarx/BoxInsertDesigner): a card game box insert whose trays were built by SolidCraft through `solidcraft-cli`; the published card, board and box art in it is pixelated beyond recognition, and no logos or game names are shown (1280×720) | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| assets/locales/pending/agent-http-consent.json | SolidCraft contributors | Original endpoint-specific HTTP consent messages and translations | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| assets/locales/pending/ground-shadow-placement.json | SolidCraft contributors | Original ground-shadow placement preference messages and translations | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/assemblies/components.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) making components from two original hinge-leaf bodies, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/assemblies/joint.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) creating a revolute joint between two hinge leaves, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/assemblies/drag.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) dragging a jointed hinge leaf, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/assemblies/drive.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) driving a revolute joint between two hinge leaves, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/features/extrude.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) extruding a sketch's profile, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/features/shell.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) shelling a block, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/features/fillet.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) filleting four edges, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/features/edit.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) editing a feature from the timeline, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/features/hole.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) placing a hole, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/features/pattern.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) patterning a hole around an axis, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/parameters/dialog.png | SolidCraft contributors | screenshot of SolidCraft 0.29.0 itself (default dark theme, software renderer) showing the Parameters dialog, with original numbered callouts (digits set in DejaVu Sans Bold), captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/files/menu.png | SolidCraft contributors | screenshot of SolidCraft 0.29.0 itself (`--sample`, default dark theme, software renderer) showing the File menu, with original numbered callouts (digits set in DejaVu Sans Bold), captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/getting-started/start.png | SolidCraft contributors | screenshot of SolidCraft 0.29.0 itself (default dark theme, software renderer, 1280x800) showing the start page with its built-in sample thumbnails, with original numbered callouts (digits set in DejaVu Sans Bold), captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/getting-started/sample.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) opening the built-in Sample Plate from the start page, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/sheet-metal/base.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) making a sheet metal base flange, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/sheet-metal/flange.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) adding sheet metal edge flanges, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/sheet-metal/flat.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) showing a sheet metal flat pattern, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/sketching/create.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) starting a sketch on the Top plane, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/sketching/draw.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) drawing a rectangle and a circle with typed values, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/sketching/dimension.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) dimensioning a sketch until it is fully constrained, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/sketching/parts.png | SolidCraft contributors | screenshot of SolidCraft 0.29.0 itself (default dark theme, software renderer, 1280x800) showing a fully constrained sketch, with original numbered callouts (digits set in DejaVu Sans Bold), captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/sketching/offset.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) offsetting a sketch outline, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/book/src/media/sketching/trim.mp4 | SolidCraft contributors | original screen recording of the actual SolidCraft 0.29.0 English desktop UI (default dark theme, software renderer) trimming a notch in a sketch, with the original drawn pointer of examples/demo/overlay.py and labels set in DejaVu Sans Bold, captured with examples/demo/doc_shots.py | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| assets/locales/ca.json | carlymx | Catalan translation of the English catalog, contributed upstream | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| assets/locales/pending/sketch-mirror-auto-line.json | SolidCraft contributors | Original Mirror preference label and translations | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/screenshots/7452/demo-01-extrude5-edge-frame.png | SamD98 | screenshot of the actual SolidCraft desktop UI showing the revolve axis pick on the Cat Post Topper repro design (docs/screenshots/7452/revolve-edge-frame.solidcraft), for #7452 | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/screenshots/7452/demo-04-preview-outer-l11.png | SamD98 | screenshot of the actual SolidCraft desktop UI showing the revolve axis pick on the Cat Post Topper repro design (docs/screenshots/7452/revolve-edge-frame.solidcraft), for #7452 | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/screenshots/7452/demo-05-preview-inner-l8.png | SamD98 | screenshot of the actual SolidCraft desktop UI showing the revolve axis pick on the Cat Post Topper repro design (docs/screenshots/7452/revolve-edge-frame.solidcraft), for #7452 | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/screenshots/7452/demo-06-result-outer-120.png | SamD98 | screenshot of the actual SolidCraft desktop UI showing the revolve axis pick on the Cat Post Topper repro design (docs/screenshots/7452/revolve-edge-frame.solidcraft), for #7452 | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/screenshots/7452/demo-07-preview-360.png | SamD98 | screenshot of the actual SolidCraft desktop UI showing the revolve axis pick on the Cat Post Topper repro design (docs/screenshots/7452/revolve-edge-frame.solidcraft), for #7452 | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/screenshots/7452/demo-08-cancelled.png | SamD98 | screenshot of the actual SolidCraft desktop UI showing the revolve axis pick on the Cat Post Topper repro design (docs/screenshots/7452/revolve-edge-frame.solidcraft), for #7452 | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/screenshots/7452/demo-13-colliding-id.png | SamD98 | screenshot of the actual SolidCraft desktop UI showing the revolve axis pick on the Cat Post Topper repro design (docs/screenshots/7452/revolve-edge-frame.solidcraft), for #7452 | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/screenshots/7452/demo-14-surface-l1.png | SamD98 | screenshot of the actual SolidCraft desktop UI showing the revolve axis pick on the Cat Post Topper repro design (docs/screenshots/7452/revolve-edge-frame.solidcraft), for #7452 | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/screenshots/7452/demo-15-surface-result.png | SamD98 | screenshot of the actual SolidCraft desktop UI showing the revolve axis pick on the Cat Post Topper repro design (docs/screenshots/7452/revolve-edge-frame.solidcraft), for #7452 | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| docs/screenshots/7452/revolve-selected-edge.mp4 | SamD98 | screen recording of the actual SolidCraft desktop UI showing the revolve axis pick on the Cat Post Topper repro design (docs/screenshots/7452/revolve-edge-frame.solidcraft), for #7452 | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| assets/locales/bg.json | Yasen-55 | Original translation | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |
+| crates/sketch/assets/fonts/liberation-sans/LiberationSans-Regular.ttf | Red Hat, Inc. (Liberation Fonts 2.x; digitized data Google) | https://github.com/liberationfonts (Debian fonts-liberation), unmodified; licence text in crates/sketch/assets/fonts/liberation-sans/OFL.txt; used for sketch Text outlines | SIL OFL 1.1 |
+| crates/sketch/assets/fonts/liberation-sans/OFL.txt | Red Hat, Inc.; Liberation Fonts contributors | Unmodified accompanying font licence | SIL OFL 1.1 |
+| assets/locales/pending/drag-to-zoom.json | SolidCraft contributors | Original drag-to-zoom labels and translations | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |

 ## Code adapted from sibling projects

@@ -867,11 +910,10 @@ copied into SolidCraft.

 | Directory | Source | Licence | Changes |
 |---|---|---|---|
-| vendor/accesskit_macos | accesskit_macos 0.26.3, https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit (The AccessKit contributors) | MIT OR Apache-2.0 | the subclassing adapter and its tests from 0.27.2: dropping the adapter keeps AppKit's key-value observers (vendor/README.md) |

 ## Vendored renderer compatibility fix

-`vendor/egui-wgpu` is egui-wgpu 0.36.2 from https://github.com/emilk/egui
+`vendor/egui-wgpu` is egui-wgpu 0.37.0 from https://github.com/emilk/egui
 (MIT OR Apache-2.0; both original licence texts are included). Rust sources and
 its original `egui.wgsl` shader are retained; no images or other artwork are copied.
 SolidCraft's narrow patch selects a safe 1x MSAA path on the chosen OpenGL adapter
@@ -88,6 +88,8 @@ The [architecture page](docs/architecture.md) has the layer table. The short ver

 - `crates/geom`: vectors, planes, meshes, measures.
 - `crates/sketch`: our own constraint solver, plus profile finding.
+- `crates/dynamics`: multibody dynamics: rigid bodies, joint constraints, gravity and springs,
+  integrated in time (RFC #9719). It depends only on `geom`.
 - `crates/kernel`: the B-rep kernel boundary. It wraps [truck](https://github.com/ricosjp/truck),
  and it's the only crate allowed to touch truck. Fillets, chamfers, shell/offset, Delete Face,
  Split Face, STEP/IGES read and write, and face provenance are our own code here. Patched
@@ -277,7 +279,7 @@ mean something else, it needs a format change. **Add one file, and edit nothing
   change's file, or any `v<N>/` folder: those are fixed once released.

 That's all. The build counts the files: while any are pending it writes the next format number,
-which no release reads, so a release refuses a design that has your change instead of losing it.
+which no release reads, so a release warns about a design that has your change and keeps what it can't read of it.
 A file also lists the pending changes it has (`format_pending`), so a later development build
 runs only the steps that file is missing. Two pull requests that each add a change merge without
 a conflict. `crates/doc/src/format/pending/README.md` has an example.
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ version = 4

 [[package]]
 name = "accesskit"
-version = "0.24.1"
+version = "0.25.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d3b7f7f85a7e5f68090000ed7622545829afd484d210358702ae4cb97dd0c320"
+checksum = "4e883d1d28c5fd5568c79ed2d2bd48d9f2fd3945c8974ed0f53690ceddb051be"
 dependencies = [
 "enumn",
 "serde",
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "accesskit_atspi_common"
-version = "0.18.1"
+version = "0.21.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1e8c61bee90b42a772d39d06a740207dc71a4e780004ace1db8d99fb1baaa954"
+checksum = "24f5baf62e34a4a6c30e3d697e4782f821a7337049c44c3b40576a27dfbb580d"
 dependencies = [
 "accesskit",
- "accesskit_consumer 0.36.0",
+ "accesskit_consumer",
 "atspi-common",
 "phf",
 "serde",
@@ -29,41 +29,37 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "accesskit_consumer"
-version = "0.35.0"
+version = "0.39.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "53cf47daed85312e763fbf85ceca136e0d7abc68e0a7e12abe11f48172bc3b10"
+checksum = "f3da8f27636015191b2264ee1df681503170a632cafd832fdc1edfdd4e3a2fd3"
 dependencies = [
 "accesskit",
- "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "hashbrown 0.17.1",
 ]

 [[package]]
-name = "accesskit_consumer"
-version = "0.36.0"
+name = "accesskit_ios"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "25e0d7e25d06f4dc21d1774d67146e9e80d6789216cbd4d1e88185b0095dba60"
+checksum = "a5280724673bbfa8b30a838c013500b719392989be3b97c5a9964062c252c232"
 dependencies = [
 "accesskit",
- "hashbrown 0.16.1",
-]
-
-[[package]]
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-dependencies = [
- "accesskit",
- "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "accesskit_consumer",
+ "hashbrown 0.17.1",
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+ "objc2-ui-kit 0.2.2",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "accesskit_macos"
-version = "0.26.3"
+version = "0.27.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "123828ceeec755b05255e3976cb0852993202de98a0626c97dd8d34246991f84"
 dependencies = [
 "accesskit",
- "accesskit_consumer 0.38.0",
- "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "accesskit_consumer",
+ "hashbrown 0.17.1",
 "objc2 0.5.3",
 "objc2-app-kit 0.2.2",
 "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
@@ -71,9 +67,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
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-version = "0.21.1"
+version = "0.24.1"
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-checksum = "b016ca8db0ea0ea2ceff29a9d6240391492d960716aa471967c00e8cc8cb197c"
+checksum = "30d5192871228c54f1b0fb4a85cef000e11a3804f25d2165f14afa0daa67f3f6"
 dependencies = [
 "accesskit",
 "accesskit_atspi_common",
@@ -89,13 +85,13 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
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-version = "0.32.1"
+version = "0.35.2"
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-checksum = "eff7009f1a532e917d66970a1e80c965140c6cfbbabbdde3d64e5431e6c78e21"
+checksum = "498668b90da9995302a0055aaecad4756932333da2ddef6baee1c00844c430fc"
 dependencies = [
 "accesskit",
- "accesskit_consumer 0.35.0",
- "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "accesskit_consumer",
+ "hashbrown 0.17.1",
 "static_assertions",
 "windows",
 "windows-core",
@@ -103,11 +99,12 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "accesskit_winit"
-version = "0.32.2"
+version = "0.34.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1fe9a94394896352cc4660ca2288bd4ef883d83238853c038b44070c8f134313"
+checksum = "cd4ab4437b520ff03088fbe48676a11e7d44a929535e64b31432c1073e48dbcc"
 dependencies = [
 "accesskit",
+ "accesskit_ios",
 "accesskit_macos",
 "accesskit_unix",
 "accesskit_windows",
@@ -203,6 +200,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "parking_lot",
 "percent-encoding",
 "windows-sys 0.60.2",
+ "wl-clipboard-rs",
 "x11rb",
 ]

@@ -687,42 +685,18 @@ dependencies = [
 "thiserror 1.0.69",
 ]

-[[package]]
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-version = "0.14.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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- "polling",
- "rustix 1.1.5",
- "tracing",
-]
-
 [[package]]
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 checksum = "95a66a987056935f7efce4ab5668920b5d0dac4a7c99991a67395f13702ddd20"
 dependencies = [
- "calloop 0.13.0",
+ "calloop",
 "rustix 0.38.44",
 "wayland-backend",
 "wayland-client",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "calloop-wayland-source"
-version = "0.4.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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-dependencies = [
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- "rustix 1.1.5",
- "wayland-backend",
- "wayland-client",
-]
-
 [[package]]
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 version = "0.1.2"
@@ -1123,9 +1097,9 @@ checksum = "d0881ea181b1df73ff77ffaaf9c7544ecc11e82fba9b5f27b262a3c73a332555"

 [[package]]
 name = "ecolor"
-version = "0.36.2"
+version = "0.37.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0656a7530b9e2841ee7a5f983965bdd9840c32f4012f759cfd44b912cced6b34"
+checksum = "31bcbef0d4263a63eb32c4834e5d711613035ce1333468e107d928923e21e6e2"
 dependencies = [
 "bytemuck",
 "emath",
@@ -1134,9 +1108,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "eframe"
-version = "0.36.2"
+version = "0.37.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "55ad41fac6e3149abb4866e93df37dbd33baa95db525c3368c944584e95a5dc2"
+checksum = "9c5642501a65ca657d05f00c643a5c14ff2346cb3818032bfe23d58e1f8e5f84"
 dependencies = [
 "ahash",
 "bytemuck",
@@ -1159,6 +1133,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "profiling",
 "raw-window-handle",
 "ron",
+ "send_wrapper",
 "serde",
 "static_assertions",
 "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -1171,9 +1146,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "egui"
-version = "0.36.2"
+version = "0.37.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dc938cc27cd911415e1e4d151bc56ff9df063d8db081374e87aeb805ea74b2ba"
+checksum = "bec9144f49b7a28b5f395d3147e325b4fe3e77ba686eac11d1bdf0a7da3f375f"
 dependencies = [
 "accesskit",
 "ahash",
@@ -1193,7 +1168,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "egui-wgpu"
-version = "0.36.2"
+version = "0.37.0"
 dependencies = [
 "ahash",
 "bytemuck",
@@ -1211,32 +1186,34 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "egui-winit"
-version = "0.36.2"
+version = "0.37.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "98466000559d66ba4db786a30448b01483946add4188e7f10f522a27b4fb89cc"
+checksum = "e4e449f4c4a2a60c7ccb4ba7fa4078417bfe1f9ddc03b5e05ce75748e33a70de"
 dependencies = [
 "accesskit_winit",
 "arboard",
+ "block2 0.6.2",
 "bytemuck",
 "egui",
 "log",
 "objc2 0.6.5",
+ "objc2-app-kit 0.3.2",
 "objc2-foundation 0.3.2",
 "objc2-ui-kit 0.3.2",
 "profiling",
 "raw-window-handle",
 "serde",
- "smithay-clipboard",
 "web-time",
 "webbrowser",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 "winit",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "egui_glow"
-version = "0.36.2"
+version = "0.37.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "606ed4167daf341e5753d703285c4c1d562324b2c07aa8f405cd7d066fe58f3b"
+checksum = "9275ca5cc35a6b7c94e0e8cedf22542f66cb0cf45ed8ab2657c78ff49fec7268"
 dependencies = [
 "bytemuck",
 "egui",
@@ -1254,9 +1231,9 @@ checksum = "0e9c71c2167ca323c882b99918929403426e2373ea17242ff5653e0d5e1058be"

 [[package]]
 name = "emath"
-version = "0.36.2"
+version = "0.37.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "52c8d4141cf0f60fb2f7aefaf352d3ffa5171ef0ab09731c64391801e95e48f1"
+checksum = "e73ce90f54750be8672c02be0743fe47530e6f251e066f0ee2869b59eb297af5"
 dependencies = [
 "bytemuck",
 "serde",
@@ -1330,9 +1307,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "epaint"
-version = "0.36.2"
+version = "0.37.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a0ec0308dc23130fc1a7d4623a8534c2ed069c6dc84e258ee4f3de99615aa1a3"
+checksum = "97bac86ae3dde93fc3951e790951caea739ff39a6c89d909cdaf1d9278dbb1bd"
 dependencies = [
 "ahash",
 "bytemuck",
@@ -1350,15 +1327,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "skrifa",
 "smallvec",
 "unicode-general-category",
+ "unicode-properties",
 "unicode-segmentation",
 "vello_cpu",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "epaint_default_fonts"
-version = "0.36.2"
+version = "0.37.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "773fa9c96dd0dbef887e39d0ed6177f141cce4d68e6041df77570aa3702dfa13"
+checksum = "cfc1cc505827f4c23eedc297975a0fd038268d41293f389dd8ff3b574aefab19"

 [[package]]
 name = "equivalent"
@@ -1444,6 +1422,12 @@ version = "0.1.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "aedcfb3409746eddb02b9e19ebda1c3394f759a152e48ee875a0844d1b955484"

+[[package]]
+name = "fixedbitset"
+version = "0.5.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1d674e81391d1e1ab681a28d99df07927c6d4aa5b027d7da16ba32d1d21ecd99"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "flate2"
 version = "1.1.10"
@@ -1455,6 +1439,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "zlib-rs",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "foldhash"
+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d9c4f5dac5e15c24eb999c26181a6ca40b39fe946cbe4c263c7209467bc83af2"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "foldhash"
 version = "0.2.0"
@@ -1651,12 +1641,12 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "glifo"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ed4a1bb24121291d27230c1b1b44e07d6a9b28cefdb32fe1581dfb84e14f940a"
+checksum = "282a26c1e23de04bdab3e34a21b6f877a479b96737792516b9b8b8f69b6661be"
 dependencies = [
 "bytemuck",
- "foldhash",
+ "foldhash 0.2.0",
 "hashbrown 0.17.1",
 "log",
 "peniko",
@@ -1826,6 +1816,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "smallvec",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "hashbrown"
+version = "0.15.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9229cfe53dfd69f0609a49f65461bd93001ea1ef889cd5529dd176593f5338a1"
+dependencies = [
+ "foldhash 0.1.5",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.16.1"
@@ -1834,7 +1833,7 @@ checksum = "841d1cc9bed7f9236f321df977030373f4a4163ae1a7dbfe1a51a2c1a51d9100"
 dependencies = [
 "allocator-api2",
 "equivalent",
- "foldhash",
+ "foldhash 0.2.0",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1843,7 +1842,7 @@ version = "0.17.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ed5909b6e89a2db4456e54cd5f673791d7eca6732202bbf2a9cc504fe2f9b84a"
 dependencies = [
- "foldhash",
+ "foldhash 0.2.0",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -2500,6 +2499,15 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2bf50223579dc7cdcfb3bfcacf7069ff68243f8c363f62ffa99cf000a6b9c451"

+[[package]]
+name = "nom"
+version = "8.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "df9761775871bdef83bee530e60050f7e54b1105350d6884eb0fb4f46c2f9405"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num"
 version = "0.4.3"
@@ -2956,6 +2964,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "pin-project-lite",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "os_pipe"
+version = "1.2.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7d8fae84b431384b68627d0f9b3b1245fcf9f46f6c0e3dc902e9dce64edd1967"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "parking"
 version = "2.2.1"
@@ -3005,10 +3023,21 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9b4f627cb1b25917193a259e49bdad08f671f8d9708acfd5fe0a8c1455d87220"

 [[package]]
-name = "phf"
-version = "0.13.1"
+name = "petgraph"
+version = "0.8.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c1562dc717473dbaa4c1f85a36410e03c047b2e7df7f45ee938fbef64ae7fadf"
+checksum = "8701b58ea97060d5e5b155d383a69952a60943f0e6dfe30b04c287beb0b27455"
+dependencies = [
+ "fixedbitset",
+ "hashbrown 0.15.5",
+ "indexmap",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "phf"
+version = "0.14.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "010378780309880b08997fae13be7834dba947d36393bd372f2b1556deb2a2f6"
 dependencies = [
 "phf_macros",
 "phf_shared",
@@ -3017,9 +3046,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "phf_generator"
-version = "0.13.1"
+version = "0.14.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "135ace3a761e564ec88c03a77317a7c6b80bb7f7135ef2544dbe054243b89737"
+checksum = "aeb62e0959d5a1bebc965f4d15d9e2b7cea002b6b0f5ba8cde6cc26738467100"
 dependencies = [
 "fastrand",
 "phf_shared",
@@ -3027,9 +3056,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "phf_macros"
-version = "0.13.1"
+version = "0.14.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "812f032b54b1e759ccd5f8b6677695d5268c588701effba24601f6932f8269ef"
+checksum = "5fa8d0ca26d424d27630da600c6624696e7dec8bf7b3b492b383c5dc49e5e085"
 dependencies = [
 "phf_generator",
 "phf_shared",
@@ -3040,9 +3069,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
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-version = "0.13.1"
+version = "0.14.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e57fef6bc5981e38c2ce2d63bfa546861309f875b8a75f092d1d54ae2d64f266"
+checksum = "c6fd9027e2d9319be6349febd1db4e8d02aa544921200c9b777720ac34a3aa89"
 dependencies = [
 "siphasher",
 ]
@@ -3762,6 +3791,12 @@ version = "1.0.28"
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 checksum = "8a7852d02fc848982e0c167ef163aaff9cd91dc640ba85e263cb1ce46fae51cd"

+[[package]]
+name = "send_wrapper"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cd0b0ec5f1c1ca621c432a25813d8d60c88abe6d3e08a3eb9cf37d97a0fe3d73"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
 version = "1.0.229"
@@ -3986,8 +4021,8 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3457dea1f0eb631b4034d61d4d8c32074caa6cd1ab2d59f2327bd8461e2c0016"
 dependencies = [
 "bitflags 2.13.2",
- "calloop 0.13.0",
- "calloop-wayland-source 0.3.0",
+ "calloop",
+ "calloop-wayland-source",
 "cursor-icon",
 "libc",
 "log",
@@ -4004,44 +4039,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "xkeysym",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "smithay-client-toolkit"
-version = "0.20.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0512da38f5e2b31201a93524adb8d3136276fa4fe4aafab4e1f727a82b534cc0"
-dependencies = [
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- "calloop 0.14.5",
- "calloop-wayland-source 0.4.1",
- "cursor-icon",
- "libc",
- "log",
- "memmap2",
- "rustix 1.1.5",
- "thiserror 2.0.21",
- "wayland-backend",
- "wayland-client",
- "wayland-csd-frame",
- "wayland-cursor",
- "wayland-protocols",
- "wayland-protocols-experimental",
- "wayland-protocols-misc",
- "wayland-protocols-wlr",
- "wayland-scanner",
- "xkeysym",
-]
-
-[[package]]
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-version = "0.7.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "71704c03f739f7745053bde45fa203a46c58d25bc5c4efba1d9a60e9dba81226"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
- "smithay-client-toolkit 0.20.0",
- "wayland-backend",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "smol_str"
 version = "0.2.2"
@@ -4153,6 +4150,17 @@ dependencies = [
 "web-time",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "solidcraft-dynamics"
+version = "0.40.0-rc.2"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "solidcore-record",
+ "solidcraft-geom",
+ "thiserror 2.0.21",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "solidcraft-engine"
 version = "0.40.0-rc.2"
@@ -4275,9 +4283,11 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "solidcraft-render"
 version = "0.40.0-rc.2"
 dependencies = [
+ "flate2",
 "image",
 "moxcms",
 "png",
+ "robust",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
 "sha2 0.10.9",
@@ -4652,7 +4662,6 @@ version = "0.1.44"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "63e71662fa4b2a2c3a26f570f037eb95bb1f85397f3cd8076caed2f026a6d100"
 dependencies = [
- "log",
 "pin-project-lite",
 "tracing-attributes",
 "tracing-core",
@@ -4678,6 +4687,17 @@ dependencies = [
 "once_cell",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "tree_magic_mini"
+version = "3.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b8765b90061cba6c22b5831f675da109ae5561588290f9fa2317adab2714d5a6"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+ "nom",
+ "petgraph",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ttf-parser"
 version = "0.25.1"
@@ -4752,6 +4772,12 @@ version = "1.0.26"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d245f478577f809a851594d02313b640fb437e0bb33866753cff937863096954"

+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-properties"
+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "993ad287eb20e8ba755312801cfe1413e0f25d604075863acaddca10b04c1833"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-segmentation"
 version = "1.13.3"
@@ -4835,9 +4861,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "vello_common"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b2e9aed918117e8152c9eddfd8362d73c465c23f26c44786aa331707b8a64fa2"
+checksum = "bbb2141a2bca6e6d598e471fd4d1d7eed8e020aad6a28187edda07f091a325dd"
 dependencies = [
 "bytemuck",
 "fearless_simd",
@@ -4850,9 +4876,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "vello_cpu"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ac7349e1f55f6b801c7c277958df4ea53e7f20f21e8014910ad888b2ecda93ea"
+checksum = "ace506ca414548966fcf3c283be94eb1cad8254de488791ee698bf438b0890a9"
 dependencies = [
 "bytemuck",
 "glifo",
@@ -5027,32 +5053,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "wayland-scanner",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "wayland-protocols-experimental"
-version = "20250721.0.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "40a1f863128dcaaec790d7b4b396cc9b9a7a079e878e18c47e6c2d2c5a8dcbb1"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.13.2",
- "wayland-backend",
- "wayland-client",
- "wayland-protocols",
- "wayland-scanner",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "wayland-protocols-misc"
-version = "0.3.12"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6e9567599ef23e09b8dad6e429e5738d4509dfc46b3b21f32841a304d16b29c8"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.13.2",
- "wayland-backend",
- "wayland-client",
- "wayland-protocols",
- "wayland-scanner",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "wayland-protocols-plasma"
 version = "0.3.12"
@@ -5630,7 +5630,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "bitflags 2.13.2",
 "block2 0.5.1",
 "bytemuck",
- "calloop 0.13.0",
+ "calloop",
 "cfg_aliases",
 "concurrent-queue",
 "core-foundation 0.9.4",
@@ -5651,7 +5651,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "raw-window-handle",
 "redox_syscall 0.4.1",
 "rustix 0.38.44",
- "smithay-client-toolkit 0.19.2",
+ "smithay-client-toolkit",
 "smol_str",
 "tracing",
 "unicode-segmentation",
@@ -5694,6 +5694,24 @@ version = "0.57.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1ebf944e87a7c253233ad6766e082e3cd714b5d03812acc24c318f549614536e"

+[[package]]
+name = "wl-clipboard-rs"
+version = "0.9.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "959c7ac3b8afde864f7a7448ac16f29b2b83350b7eccbf77fb781c3999aa6848"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "log",
+ "os_pipe",
+ "rustix 1.1.5",
+ "thiserror 2.0.21",
+ "tree_magic_mini",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-protocols",
+ "wayland-protocols-wlr",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "writeable"
 version = "0.6.4"
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ solidcraft-kernel = { path = "crates/kernel" }
 solidcraft-smlib = { path = "crates/smlib" }
 solidcraft-step = { path = "crates/step" }
 solidcraft-render = { path = "crates/render" }
+solidcraft-dynamics = { path = "crates/dynamics" }
 solidcraft-gpu = { path = "crates/gpu" }
 solidcraft-doc = { path = "crates/doc" }
 solidcraft-io = { path = "crates/io" }
@@ -102,11 +103,12 @@ tiny-skia = { version = "0.12", default-features = false, features = ["std", "si
 toml = "1"

 # ui
-egui = "0.36"
-eframe = { version = "0.36", default-features = false, features = ["persistence"] }
+# default_fonts: the built-in Hack is the UI's symbol fallback (#2955); 0.37 no longer turns it on.
+egui = { version = "0.37", features = ["default_fonts"] }
+eframe = { version = "0.37", default-features = false, features = ["persistence"] }
 # Instant/SystemTime that also work in the browser (std panics on wasm32-unknown-unknown).
 web-time = "1"
-egui-wgpu = "0.36"
+egui-wgpu = "0.37"
 # the wgpu egui-wgpu uses, for compute (crates/gpu); backends come from the apps' features
 wgpu = { version = "30", default-features = false, features = ["std", "wgsl"] }
 naga = { version = "30", default-features = false }
@@ -161,12 +163,9 @@ debug = "line-tables-only"
 egui-wgpu = { path = "vendor/egui-wgpu" }

 # Deliver trackpad pinch and rotation gestures on Wayland (zwp_pointer_gestures_v1), which
-# winit 0.30 never binds and eframe 0.36 still requires winit 0.30.
+# winit 0.30 never binds and eframe 0.37 still requires winit 0.30.
 winit = { path = "vendor/winit" }

-# macOS: dropping the accessibility adapter leaves AppKit's key-value observers intact (#7535).
-accesskit_macos = { path = "vendor/accesskit_macos" }
-
 # Mutation testing (cargo-mutants, docs/mutation-testing.md): the ci profile with incremental
 # builds, since every mutant rebuilds the crates above the one it changes.
 [profile.mutants]
@@ -225,6 +225,12 @@ completed drawings publish atomically. The browser still exports synchronously.

 ## Render foundation

+- Wood surface images (#1345): native CPU and GPU opaque rendering share physical
+  repeat frames and filtered mip chains. Imported maps retain exact bytes and
+  declared provenance in the design, reopen offline, and expose grain-angle
+  controls. Scalar face appearances suppress body maps. Planar projection and
+  CPU encoding/optical limits remain explicit; see [portable surfaces](docs/render-portable-surfaces-and-stages.md).
+
 - Original starter appearances (#1722): 34 opaque recipes through existing commands, with six explicitly unavailable glass recipes and preserved legacy looks; see [the contract](docs/render-starter-appearances.md).

 - Bounded linear film accumulation (#1696) supplies caller-admitted mean/variance storage and complete-pass views; actual progressive consumers remain separate. See [the film contract](docs/render-film.md).
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 Third-party software in SolidCraft

-SolidCraft (the desktop app, solidcraft-cli and the web app) is built from the 537 crates below.
+SolidCraft (the desktop app, solidcraft-cli and the web app) is built from the 540 crates below.
 Generated by `cargo xtask licences` from Cargo.lock and the crates' own licence files.
 SolidCraft's own licence is in LICENSE-MIT and LICENSE-APACHE, and NOTICE.

-accesskit 0.24.1  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-accesskit_atspi_common 0.18.1  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-accesskit_consumer 0.35.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-accesskit_consumer 0.36.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-accesskit_consumer 0.38.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-accesskit_macos 0.26.3  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-accesskit_unix 0.21.1  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-accesskit_windows 0.32.1  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-accesskit_winit 0.32.2  (Apache-2.0)
+accesskit 0.25.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+accesskit_atspi_common 0.21.1  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+accesskit_consumer 0.39.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+accesskit_ios 0.2.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+accesskit_macos 0.27.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+accesskit_unix 0.24.1  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+accesskit_windows 0.35.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+accesskit_winit 0.34.2  (Apache-2.0)
 adler2 2.0.1  (0BSD OR MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 aes 0.8.4  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 ahash 0.8.12  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
@@ -65,9 +64,7 @@ cadmpeg-core 0.6.7  (Apache-2.0)
 cadmpeg-ir 0.6.7  (Apache-2.0)
 cadmpeg-registry 0.6.7  (Apache-2.0)
 calloop 0.13.0  (MIT)
-calloop 0.14.5  (MIT)
 calloop-wayland-source 0.3.0  (MIT)
-calloop-wayland-source 0.4.1  (MIT)
 cbc 0.1.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 cfg-if 1.0.5  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 cgl 0.3.2  (MIT / Apache-2.0)
@@ -109,21 +106,21 @@ document-features 0.2.12  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 downcast-rs 1.2.1  (MIT/Apache-2.0)
 dpi 0.1.2  (Apache-2.0 AND MIT)
 dyn-clone 1.0.20  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-ecolor 0.36.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-eframe 0.36.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-egui 0.36.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-egui-wgpu 0.36.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-egui-winit 0.36.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-egui_glow 0.36.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+ecolor 0.37.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+eframe 0.37.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+egui 0.37.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+egui-wgpu 0.37.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+egui-winit 0.37.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+egui_glow 0.37.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 either 1.19.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-emath 0.36.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+emath 0.37.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 encoding_rs 0.8.42  ((Apache-2.0 OR MIT) AND BSD-3-Clause)
 endi 1.1.1  (MIT)
 enumflags2 0.7.12  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 enumflags2_derive 0.7.12  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 enumn 0.1.14  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-epaint 0.36.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-epaint_default_fonts 0.36.2  ((MIT OR Apache-2.0) AND OFL-1.1 AND Ubuntu-font-1.0)
+epaint 0.37.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+epaint_default_fonts 0.37.0  ((MIT OR Apache-2.0) AND OFL-1.1 AND Ubuntu-font-1.0)
 equivalent 1.0.2  (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 errno 0.3.14  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 error-code 3.4.0  (BSL-1.0)
@@ -134,7 +131,9 @@ fastrand 2.5.0  (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 fax 0.2.7  (MIT)
 fdeflate 0.3.7  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 fearless_simd 0.4.1  (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+fixedbitset 0.5.7  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 flate2 1.1.10  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+foldhash 0.1.5  (Zlib)
 foldhash 0.2.0  (Zlib)
 font-types 0.12.6  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 foreign-types 0.5.0  (MIT/Apache-2.0)
@@ -154,7 +153,7 @@ getrandom 0.2.17  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 getrandom 0.3.4  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 getrandom 0.4.3  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 gif 0.14.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-glifo 0.2.0  (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+glifo 0.3.0  (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 glow 0.17.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0 OR Zlib)
 gltf 1.4.1  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 gltf-derive 1.4.1  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
@@ -168,6 +167,7 @@ gpu-allocator 0.28.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 guillotiere 0.7.0  (MIT/Apache-2.0)
 half 2.7.1  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 harfrust 0.12.0  (MIT)
+hashbrown 0.15.5  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 hashbrown 0.16.1  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 hashbrown 0.17.1  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 hermit-abi 0.5.3  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
@@ -234,6 +234,7 @@ ndk-sys 0.6.0+11769913  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 nix 0.29.0  (MIT)
 nix 0.31.3  (MIT)
 nohash-hasher 0.2.0  (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+nom 8.0.0  (MIT)
 num 0.4.3  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 num-bigint 0.4.8  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 num-complex 0.4.6  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
@@ -275,15 +276,17 @@ orbclient 0.3.55  (MIT)
 ordered-float 2.10.1  (MIT)
 ordered-float 5.5.0  (MIT)
 ordered-stream 0.2.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+os_pipe 1.2.3  (MIT)
 parking 2.2.1  (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 parking_lot 0.12.5  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 parking_lot_core 0.9.12  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 peniko 0.6.1  (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 percent-encoding 2.3.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
-phf 0.13.1  (MIT)
-phf_generator 0.13.1  (MIT)
-phf_macros 0.13.1  (MIT)
-phf_shared 0.13.1  (MIT)
+petgraph 0.8.3  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+phf 0.14.0  (MIT)
+phf_generator 0.14.0  (MIT)
+phf_macros 0.14.0  (MIT)
+phf_shared 0.14.0  (MIT)
 pin-project 1.1.13  (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 pin-project-internal 1.1.13  (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 pin-project-lite 0.2.17  (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -352,6 +355,7 @@ security-framework 3.7.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 security-framework-sys 2.17.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 self_cell 1.3.0  (Apache-2.0 OR GPL-2.0-only)
 semver 1.0.28  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
+send_wrapper 0.6.0  (MIT/Apache-2.0)
 serde 1.0.229  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 serde-value 0.7.0  (MIT)
 serde_core 1.0.229  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
@@ -375,8 +379,6 @@ slab 0.4.12  (MIT)
 slotmap 1.1.1  (Zlib)
 smallvec 1.16.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 smithay-client-toolkit 0.19.2  (MIT)
-smithay-client-toolkit 0.20.0  (MIT)
-smithay-clipboard 0.7.3  (MIT)
 smol_str 0.2.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 solidcore 1.0.1  (Apache-2.0)
 solidcore-record 0.1.0  (Apache-2.0)
@@ -409,6 +411,7 @@ toml_writer 1.1.3+spec-1.1.0  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 tracing 0.1.44  (MIT)
 tracing-attributes 0.1.31  (MIT)
 tracing-core 0.1.36  (MIT)
+tree_magic_mini 3.2.2  (MIT)
 ttf-parser 0.25.1  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 twox-hash 2.1.5  (MIT)
 type-map 0.5.1  (MIT/Apache-2.0)
@@ -419,6 +422,7 @@ uds_windows 1.2.1  (MIT)
 unicode-bidi 0.3.18  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 unicode-general-category 1.1.0  (Apache-2.0)
 unicode-ident 1.0.26  ((MIT OR Apache-2.0) AND Unicode-3.0)
+unicode-properties 0.1.5  ((MIT OR Apache-2.0) AND Unicode-3.0)
 unicode-segmentation 1.13.3  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 unicode-width 0.2.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 untrusted 0.9.0  (ISC)
@@ -428,8 +432,8 @@ url 2.5.8  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 utf8-zero 0.8.1  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 utf8_iter 1.0.4  (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 uuid 1.27.0  (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-vello_common 0.1.0  (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-vello_cpu 0.1.0  (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+vello_common 0.2.0  (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+vello_cpu 0.2.0  (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 wasi 0.11.1+wasi-snapshot-preview1  (Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception OR Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 wasip2 1.0.4+wasi-0.2.12  (Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception OR Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 wasm-bindgen 0.2.129  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
@@ -442,8 +446,6 @@ wayland-client 0.31.15  (MIT)
 wayland-csd-frame 0.3.0  (MIT)
 wayland-cursor 0.31.14  (MIT)
 wayland-protocols 0.32.13  (MIT)
-wayland-protocols-experimental 20250721.0.1  (MIT)
-wayland-protocols-misc 0.3.12  (MIT)
 wayland-protocols-plasma 0.3.12  (MIT)
 wayland-protocols-wlr 0.3.12  (MIT)
 wayland-scanner 0.31.11  (MIT)
@@ -500,6 +502,7 @@ winit 0.30.13  (Apache-2.0)
 winnow 1.0.4  (MIT)
 winreg 0.56.0  (MIT)
 wit-bindgen 0.57.1  (Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception OR Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+wl-clipboard-rs 0.9.5  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
 writeable 0.6.4  (Unicode-3.0)
 x11-dl 2.21.0  (MIT)
 x11rb 0.13.2  (MIT OR Apache-2.0)
@@ -570,13 +573,14 @@ num_enum 0.7.6, num_enum_derive 0.7.6, once_cell 1.21.4, ordered-stream 0.2.0, p
 pin-project 1.1.13, pin-project-internal 1.1.13, pin-project-lite 0.2.17, piper 0.2.5, polling
 3.11.0, portable-atomic 1.15.0, portable-atomic-util 0.2.8, proc-macro-crate 3.5.0, proc-macro2
 1.0.107, quote 1.0.47, ref-cast 1.0.27, ref-cast-impl 1.0.27, rustc-hash 1.1.0, rustc-hash 2.1.3,
-rustix 0.38.44, rustix 1.1.5, rustversion 1.0.23, semver 1.0.28, serde 1.0.229, serde_core 1.0.229,
-serde_derive 1.0.229, serde_derive_internals 0.30.0, serde_json 1.0.151, serde_path_to_error 0.1.20,
-serde_repr 0.1.21, simd_cesu8 1.2.0, smol_str 0.2.2, syn 2.0.119, syn 3.0.6, thiserror 1.0.69,
-thiserror 2.0.21, thiserror-impl 1.0.69, thiserror-impl 2.0.21, typed-path 0.13.0, typeid 1.0.3,
-unicode-ident 1.0.26, utf8-zero 0.8.1, wasi 0.11.1+wasi-snapshot-preview1, wasip2 1.0.4+wasi-0.2.12,
-wit-bindgen 0.57.1, x11-dl 2.21.0, xdg-home 1.3.0, zbus-lockstep 0.5.2, zbus-lockstep-macros 0.5.2,
-zbus_names 3.0.0, zmij 1.0.23, zvariant_utils 2.1.0, zvariant_utils 4.2.0
+rustix 0.38.44, rustix 1.1.5, rustversion 1.0.23, semver 1.0.28, send_wrapper 0.6.0, serde 1.0.229,
+serde_core 1.0.229, serde_derive 1.0.229, serde_derive_internals 0.30.0, serde_json 1.0.151,
+serde_path_to_error 0.1.20, serde_repr 0.1.21, simd_cesu8 1.2.0, smol_str 0.2.2, syn 2.0.119, syn
+3.0.6, thiserror 1.0.69, thiserror 2.0.21, thiserror-impl 1.0.69, thiserror-impl 2.0.21, typed-path
+0.13.0, typeid 1.0.3, unicode-ident 1.0.26, utf8-zero 0.8.1, wasi 0.11.1+wasi-snapshot-preview1,
+wasip2 1.0.4+wasi-0.2.12, wit-bindgen 0.57.1, x11-dl 2.21.0, xdg-home 1.3.0, zbus-lockstep 0.5.2,
+zbus-lockstep-macros 0.5.2, zbus_names 3.0.0, zmij 1.0.23, zvariant_utils 2.1.0, zvariant_utils
+4.2.0
 ================================================================================

 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
@@ -1086,25 +1090,26 @@ ahash 0.8.12, arrayvec 0.7.8, async-channel 2.5.0, async-executor 1.14.0, async-
 0.9.4, core-foundation-sys 0.8.7, core-graphics 0.23.2, core-graphics-types 0.1.3, core_detect
 1.0.0, crossbeam-channel 0.5.17, crossbeam-deque 0.8.8, crossbeam-epoch 0.9.21, crossbeam-utils
 0.8.23, dbus-secret-service 4.1.0, displaydoc 0.2.7, either 1.19.0, equivalent 1.0.2, errno 0.3.14,
-euclid 0.22.14, event-listener 5.4.2, event-listener-strategy 0.5.4, fastrand 2.5.0, flate2 1.1.10,
-form_urlencoded 1.2.2, futures-lite 2.6.1, gethostname 1.1.0, gif 0.14.2, glow 0.17.0, gltf 1.4.1,
-gltf-derive 1.4.1, gltf-json 1.4.1, hashbrown 0.16.1, hashbrown 0.17.1, hermit-abi 0.5.3, httparse
-1.10.1, idna 1.1.0, idna_adapter 1.2.2, indexmap 2.14.2, itertools 0.15.0, js-sys 0.3.106,
-keyboard-types 0.8.3, khronos-egl 6.0.0, lazy_static 1.5.1, linux-raw-sys 0.12.1, linux-raw-sys
-0.4.15, lock_api 0.4.14, log 0.4.34, muda 0.21.2, num 0.4.3, num-bigint 0.4.8, num-complex 0.4.6,
-num-integer 0.1.47, num-iter 0.1.46, num-rational 0.4.2, num-traits 0.2.19, once_cell 1.21.4,
-openssl-probe 0.2.1, ordered-stream 0.2.0, parking 2.2.1, parking_lot 0.12.5, parking_lot_core
-0.9.12, percent-encoding 2.3.2, piper 0.2.5, plain 0.2.3, png 0.18.1, polling 3.11.0, pollster
-0.4.0, pollster 1.0.1, rayon 1.12.0, rayon-core 1.13.0, renderdoc-sys 1.1.0, robust 1.2.0, ron
-0.12.2, roxmltree 0.21.1, rustc-hash 1.1.0, rustix 0.38.44, rustix 1.1.5, rustls 0.23.46,
-rustls-native-certs 0.8.5, scoped-tls 1.0.1, scopeguard 1.2.0, secret-service 4.0.0,
-security-framework 2.11.1, security-framework 3.7.0, security-framework-sys 2.17.0,
-signal-hook-registry 1.4.8, simd_cesu8 1.2.0, smallvec 1.16.2, smol_str 0.2.2, stable_deref_trait
-1.2.1, tempfile 3.27.0, ttf-parser 0.25.1, unicode-bidi 0.3.18, unicode-segmentation 1.13.3,
-unicode-width 0.2.2, url 2.5.8, uuid 1.27.0, wasi 0.11.1+wasi-snapshot-preview1, wasip2
-1.0.4+wasi-0.2.12, wasm-bindgen 0.2.129, wasm-bindgen-futures 0.4.79, wasm-bindgen-macro 0.2.129,
-wasm-bindgen-macro-support 0.2.129, wasm-bindgen-shared 0.2.129, web-sys 0.3.106, weezl 0.1.12,
-wit-bindgen 0.57.1
+euclid 0.22.14, event-listener 5.4.2, event-listener-strategy 0.5.4, fastrand 2.5.0, fixedbitset
+0.5.7, flate2 1.1.10, form_urlencoded 1.2.2, futures-lite 2.6.1, gethostname 1.1.0, gif 0.14.2, glow
+0.17.0, gltf 1.4.1, gltf-derive 1.4.1, gltf-json 1.4.1, hashbrown 0.15.5, hashbrown 0.16.1,
+hashbrown 0.17.1, hermit-abi 0.5.3, httparse 1.10.1, idna 1.1.0, idna_adapter 1.2.2, indexmap
+2.14.2, itertools 0.15.0, js-sys 0.3.106, keyboard-types 0.8.3, khronos-egl 6.0.0, lazy_static
+1.5.1, linux-raw-sys 0.12.1, linux-raw-sys 0.4.15, lock_api 0.4.14, log 0.4.34, muda 0.21.2, num
+0.4.3, num-bigint 0.4.8, num-complex 0.4.6, num-integer 0.1.47, num-iter 0.1.46, num-rational 0.4.2,
+num-traits 0.2.19, once_cell 1.21.4, openssl-probe 0.2.1, ordered-stream 0.2.0, parking 2.2.1,
+parking_lot 0.12.5, parking_lot_core 0.9.12, percent-encoding 2.3.2, petgraph 0.8.3, piper 0.2.5,
+plain 0.2.3, png 0.18.1, polling 3.11.0, pollster 0.4.0, pollster 1.0.1, rayon 1.12.0, rayon-core
+1.13.0, renderdoc-sys 1.1.0, robust 1.2.0, ron 0.12.2, roxmltree 0.21.1, rustc-hash 1.1.0, rustix
+0.38.44, rustix 1.1.5, rustls 0.23.46, rustls-native-certs 0.8.5, scoped-tls 1.0.1, scopeguard
+1.2.0, secret-service 4.0.0, security-framework 2.11.1, security-framework 3.7.0,
+security-framework-sys 2.17.0, send_wrapper 0.6.0, signal-hook-registry 1.4.8, simd_cesu8 1.2.0,
+smallvec 1.16.2, smol_str 0.2.2, stable_deref_trait 1.2.1, tempfile 3.27.0, ttf-parser 0.25.1,
+unicode-bidi 0.3.18, unicode-properties 0.1.5, unicode-segmentation 1.13.3, unicode-width 0.2.2, url
+2.5.8, uuid 1.27.0, wasi 0.11.1+wasi-snapshot-preview1, wasip2 1.0.4+wasi-0.2.12, wasm-bindgen
+0.2.129, wasm-bindgen-futures 0.4.79, wasm-bindgen-macro 0.2.129, wasm-bindgen-macro-support
+0.2.129, wasm-bindgen-shared 0.2.129, web-sys 0.3.106, weezl 0.1.12, wit-bindgen 0.57.1,
+wl-clipboard-rs 0.9.5
 ================================================================================

 Apache License
@@ -1310,7 +1315,7 @@ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License.

 ================================================================================
-allocator-api2 0.2.21, async-trait 0.1.92, dyn-clone 1.0.20, enumn 0.1.14, glifo 0.2.0, itoa 1.0.18,
+allocator-api2 0.2.21, async-trait 0.1.92, dyn-clone 1.0.20, enumn 0.1.14, glifo 0.3.0, itoa 1.0.18,
 libc 0.2.190, litrs 1.0.0, num_enum 0.7.6, num_enum_derive 0.7.6, proc-macro2 1.0.107, quote 1.0.47,
 ref-cast 1.0.27, ref-cast-impl 1.0.27, rustc-hash 2.1.3, rustversion 1.0.23, semver 1.0.28, serde
 1.0.229, serde_core 1.0.229, serde_derive 1.0.229, serde_derive_internals 0.30.0, serde_json
@@ -1530,7 +1535,7 @@ android-activity 0.6.1, arboard 3.6.1, color 0.3.3, fdeflate 0.3.7, fearless_sim
 image 0.25.10, image-webp 0.2.4, linebender_resource_handle 0.1.1, miniz_oxide 0.8.9, miniz_oxide
 0.9.1, naga 30.0.1, naga-types 30.0.1, pin-project 1.1.13, pin-project-internal 1.1.13,
 pin-project-lite 0.2.17, portable-atomic 1.15.0, portable-atomic-util 0.2.8, range-alloc 0.1.5,
-raw-window-handle 0.6.2, simdutf8 0.1.5, vello_common 0.1.0, vello_cpu 0.1.0, wgpu 30.0.1, wgpu-core
+raw-window-handle 0.6.2, simdutf8 0.1.5, vello_common 0.2.0, vello_cpu 0.2.0, wgpu 30.0.1, wgpu-core
 30.0.1, wgpu-core-deps-apple 30.0.1, wgpu-core-deps-emscripten 30.0.1, wgpu-core-deps-wasm 30.0.1,
 wgpu-core-deps-windows-linux-android 30.0.1, wgpu-hal 30.0.1, wgpu-naga-bridge 30.0.1, wgpu-types
 30.0.1
@@ -2588,7 +2593,7 @@ IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

 ================================================================================
-bit-set 0.10.0, bit-vec 0.9.1, downcast-rs 1.2.1, egui-wgpu 0.36.2, presser 0.3.1
+bit-set 0.10.0, bit-vec 0.9.1, downcast-rs 1.2.1, egui-wgpu 0.37.0, presser 0.3.1
 ================================================================================

 Apache License
@@ -3134,7 +3139,7 @@ IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

 ================================================================================
-calloop 0.13.0, calloop 0.14.5, smithay-client-toolkit 0.19.2, smithay-client-toolkit 0.20.0
+calloop 0.13.0, smithay-client-toolkit 0.19.2
 ================================================================================

 Copyright (c) 2018 Victor Berger
@@ -3158,7 +3163,7 @@ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 THE SOFTWARE.

 ================================================================================
-calloop-wayland-source 0.3.0, calloop-wayland-source 0.4.1
+calloop-wayland-source 0.3.0
 ================================================================================

 Copyright (c) 2023 Kirill Chibisov
@@ -5231,7 +5236,7 @@ have been licensed under extremely permissive terms.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ================================================================================
-egui-wgpu 0.36.2
+egui-wgpu 0.37.0
 ================================================================================

 Copyright (c) 2018-2021 Emil Ernerfeldt <emil.ernerfeldt@gmail.com>
@@ -5261,7 +5266,7 @@ IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

 ================================================================================
-either 1.19.0, itertools 0.15.0
+either 1.19.0, itertools 0.15.0, petgraph 0.8.3
 ================================================================================

 Copyright (c) 2015
@@ -5709,6 +5714,36 @@ OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
 IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

+================================================================================
+fixedbitset 0.5.7
+================================================================================
+
+Copyright (c) 2015-2017
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
+person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
+documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the
+Software without restriction, including without
+limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice
+shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
+ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
 ================================================================================
 flate2 1.1.10
 ================================================================================
@@ -5740,7 +5775,7 @@ IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

 ================================================================================
-foldhash 0.2.0
+foldhash 0.1.5, foldhash 0.2.0
 ================================================================================

 Copyright (c) 2024 Orson Peters
@@ -6511,7 +6546,7 @@ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 SOFTWARE.

 ================================================================================
-glifo 0.2.0
+glifo 0.3.0
 ================================================================================

 Copyright 2025 the Vello Authors
@@ -7138,7 +7173,7 @@ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 SOFTWARE.

 ================================================================================
-hashbrown 0.16.1, hashbrown 0.17.1
+hashbrown 0.15.5, hashbrown 0.16.1, hashbrown 0.17.1
 ================================================================================

 Copyright (c) 2016 Amanieu d'Antras
@@ -9459,6 +9494,31 @@ OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
 WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
 CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

+================================================================================
+nom 8.0.0
+================================================================================
+
+Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Geoffroy Couprie
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
 ================================================================================
 num_enum 0.7.6, num_enum_derive 0.7.6
 ================================================================================
@@ -9547,6 +9607,30 @@ OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
 IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

+================================================================================
+os_pipe 1.2.3
+================================================================================
+
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+
 ================================================================================
 parking 2.2.1
 ================================================================================
@@ -9562,7 +9646,7 @@ option. All files in the project carrying such notice may not be
 copied, modified, or distributed except according to those terms.

 ================================================================================
-phf 0.13.1, phf_generator 0.13.1, phf_macros 0.13.1, phf_shared 0.13.1
+phf 0.14.0, phf_generator 0.14.0, phf_macros 0.14.0, phf_shared 0.14.0
 ================================================================================

 The MIT License (MIT)
@@ -12377,30 +12461,6 @@ OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
 IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

-================================================================================
-smithay-clipboard 0.7.3
-================================================================================
-
-Copyright (c) 2018 Lucas Timmins & Victor Berger
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-THE SOFTWARE.
-
 ================================================================================
 solidcore 1.0.1
 ================================================================================
@@ -12973,6 +13033,32 @@ OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
 IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

+================================================================================
+tree_magic_mini 3.2.2
+================================================================================
+
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2017 Aaron Hancock
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+
 ================================================================================
 ttf-parser 0.25.1
 ================================================================================
@@ -13795,7 +13881,7 @@ carrying such notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
 according to those terms.

 ================================================================================
-unicode-bidi 0.3.18, unicode-segmentation 1.13.3, unicode-width 0.2.2
+unicode-bidi 0.3.18, unicode-properties 0.1.5, unicode-segmentation 1.13.3, unicode-width 0.2.2
 ================================================================================

 Copyright (c) 2015 The Rust Project Developers
@@ -13869,7 +13955,51 @@ dealings in these Data Files or Software without prior written
 authorization of the copyright holder.

 ================================================================================
-unicode-segmentation 1.13.3, unicode-width 0.2.2
+unicode-properties 0.1.5
+================================================================================
+
+UNICODE LICENSE V3
+
+COPYRIGHT AND PERMISSION NOTICE
+
+Copyright © 1991-2026 Unicode, Inc.
+
+NOTICE TO USER: Carefully read the following legal agreement. BY
+DOWNLOADING, INSTALLING, COPYING OR OTHERWISE USING DATA FILES, AND/OR
+SOFTWARE, YOU UNEQUIVOCALLY ACCEPT, AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY, ALL OF THE
+TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE, DO NOT
+DOWNLOAD, INSTALL, COPY, DISTRIBUTE OR USE THE DATA FILES OR SOFTWARE.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+copy of data files and any associated documentation (the "Data Files") or
+software and any associated documentation (the "Software") to deal in the
+Data Files or Software without restriction, including without limitation
+the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, and/or sell
+copies of the Data Files or Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+Data Files or Software are furnished to do so, provided that either (a)
+this copyright and permission notice appear with all copies of the Data
+Files or Software, or (b) this copyright and permission notice appear in
+associated Documentation.
+
+THE DATA FILES AND SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
+KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF
+THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
+
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR HOLDERS INCLUDED IN THIS NOTICE
+BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, OR ANY SPECIAL INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,
+OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,
+ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THE DATA
+FILES OR SOFTWARE.
+
+Except as contained in this notice, the name of a copyright holder shall
+not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other
+dealings in these Data Files or Software without prior written
+authorization of the copyright holder.
+
+================================================================================
+unicode-properties 0.1.5, unicode-segmentation 1.13.3, unicode-width 0.2.2
 ================================================================================

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
@@ -14015,7 +14145,7 @@ IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

 ================================================================================
-vello_common 0.1.0, vello_cpu 0.1.0
+vello_common 0.2.0, vello_cpu 0.2.0
 ================================================================================

 Copyright 2020 the Vello Authors
@@ -14046,8 +14176,8 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

 ================================================================================
 wayland-backend 0.3.17, wayland-client 0.31.15, wayland-cursor 0.31.14, wayland-protocols 0.32.13,
-wayland-protocols-experimental 20250721.0.1, wayland-protocols-misc 0.3.12, wayland-protocols-plasma
-0.3.12, wayland-protocols-wlr 0.3.12, wayland-scanner 0.31.11, wayland-sys 0.31.11
+wayland-protocols-plasma 0.3.12, wayland-protocols-wlr 0.3.12, wayland-scanner 0.31.11, wayland-sys
+0.31.11
 ================================================================================

 Copyright (c) 2015 Elinor Berger
@@ -14942,6 +15072,36 @@ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 THE SOFTWARE.

+================================================================================
+wl-clipboard-rs 0.9.5
+================================================================================
+
+Copyright (c) 2019 Ivan Molodetskikh
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
+person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
+documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the
+Software without restriction, including without
+limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice
+shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
+ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
 ================================================================================
 x11rb 0.13.2, x11rb-protocol 0.13.2
 ================================================================================
@@ -15967,15 +16127,14 @@ Crates whose package carries no licence file (their licence is named in Cargo.to
 texts are as in SolidCraft's own LICENSE-MIT and LICENSE-APACHE)
 ================================================================================

-accesskit 0.24.1: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit)
-accesskit_atspi_common 0.18.1: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit)
-accesskit_consumer 0.35.0: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit)
-accesskit_consumer 0.36.0: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit)
-accesskit_consumer 0.38.0: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit)
-accesskit_macos 0.26.3: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit)
-accesskit_unix 0.21.1: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit)
-accesskit_windows 0.32.1: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit)
-accesskit_winit 0.32.2: Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit)
+accesskit 0.25.2: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit)
+accesskit_atspi_common 0.21.1: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit)
+accesskit_consumer 0.39.2: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit)
+accesskit_ios 0.2.2: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit)
+accesskit_macos 0.27.2: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit)
+accesskit_unix 0.24.1: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit)
+accesskit_windows 0.35.2: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit)
+accesskit_winit 0.34.2: Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit)
 block2 0.5.1: MIT (https://github.com/madsmtm/objc2)
 block2 0.6.2: MIT (https://github.com/madsmtm/objc2)
 cadmpeg-codec-freecad 0.6.7: Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/cadmpeg/cadmpeg)
@@ -15988,14 +16147,14 @@ cadmpeg-registry 0.6.7: Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/cadmpeg/cadmpeg)
 clipboard-win 5.4.1: BSL-1.0 (https://github.com/DoumanAsh/clipboard-win)
 dispatch 0.2.0: MIT (http://github.com/SSheldon/rust-dispatch)
 dispatch2 0.3.1: Zlib OR Apache-2.0 OR MIT (https://github.com/madsmtm/objc2)
-ecolor 0.36.2: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/emilk/egui)
-eframe 0.36.2: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/emilk/egui/tree/main/crates/eframe)
-egui 0.36.2: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/emilk/egui)
-egui-winit 0.36.2: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/emilk/egui/tree/main/crates/egui-winit)
-egui_glow 0.36.2: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/emilk/egui/tree/main/crates/egui_glow)
-emath 0.36.2: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/emilk/egui/tree/main/crates/emath)
-epaint 0.36.2: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/emilk/egui/tree/main/crates/epaint)
-epaint_default_fonts 0.36.2: (MIT OR Apache-2.0) AND OFL-1.1 AND Ubuntu-font-1.0 (https://github.com/emilk/egui/tree/main/crates/epaint_default_fonts)
+ecolor 0.37.0: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/emilk/egui)
+eframe 0.37.0: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/emilk/egui/tree/main/crates/eframe)
+egui 0.37.0: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/emilk/egui)
+egui-winit 0.37.0: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/emilk/egui/tree/main/crates/egui-winit)
+egui_glow 0.37.0: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/emilk/egui/tree/main/crates/egui_glow)
+emath 0.37.0: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/emilk/egui/tree/main/crates/emath)
+epaint 0.37.0: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/emilk/egui/tree/main/crates/epaint)
+epaint_default_fonts 0.37.0: (MIT OR Apache-2.0) AND OFL-1.1 AND Ubuntu-font-1.0 (https://github.com/emilk/egui/tree/main/crates/epaint_default_fonts)
 jni 0.22.4: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/jni-rs/jni-rs)
 jni-macros 0.22.4: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/jni-rs/jni-rs)
 jni-sys-macros 0.4.1: MIT OR Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/jni-rs/jni-sys)
@@ -16039,7 +16198,7 @@ spirv 0.4.0+sdk-1.4.341.0: Apache-2.0 (https://github.com/gfx-rs/rspirv)
 Bundled fonts (SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1)
 ================================================================================

- LiberationSans-Regular.ttf (assets/fonts/liberation-sans/LiberationSans-Regular.ttf)
+- LiberationSans-Regular.ttf (crates/sketch/assets/fonts/liberation-sans/LiberationSans-Regular.ttf)
  Copyright 2012 Red Hat, Inc. (Liberation Fonts 2.x; digitized data Google)
  Source: https://github.com/liberationfonts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use std::process::{Command, ExitCode};
 const TARGET: &str = "solidcraft-cli";

 fn main() -> ExitCode {
-    eprintln!("solvecraft-cli is deprecated and will be removed in a later release: use solidcraft-cli");
+    solidcraft_engine::note!("solvecraft-cli is deprecated and will be removed in a later release: use solidcraft-cli");
    let sibling = std::env::current_exe()
        .ok()
        .and_then(|exe| exe.parent().map(|dir| dir.join(format!("{TARGET}{}", std::env::consts::EXE_SUFFIX))))
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ fn main() -> ExitCode {
            None => ExitCode::FAILURE,
        },
        Err(e) => {
-            eprintln!("solvecraft-cli: could not run {}: {e}", program.to_string_lossy());
+            solidcraft_engine::note!("solvecraft-cli: could not run {}: {e}", program.to_string_lossy());
            ExitCode::FAILURE
        }
    }
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ pub fn one(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
    std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(|_| {
        PANICS.fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
    }));
-    eprintln!("design {seed}");
-    let run = fuzz::run_with(seed, steps, &mut |st| eprintln!("step {}", serde_json::to_string(st).unwrap_or_default()));
+    solidcraft_engine::note!("design {seed}");
+    let run = fuzz::run_with(seed, steps, &mut |st| solidcraft_engine::note!("step {}", serde_json::to_string(st).unwrap_or_default()));
    let mut design = json!({
        "outcome": run.outcome,
        "steps": run.steps.iter().map(|s| s.kind).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
@@ -45,13 +45,13 @@ pub fn one(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
    if run.outcome.is_bug() {
        design["script"] = run.script();
        if minimise {
-            eprintln!("minimise");
+            solidcraft_engine::note!("minimise");
            let m = fuzz::minimise(&run);
            design["minimal"] = json!({"outcome": m.outcome, "steps": m.steps.iter().map(|s| s.kind).collect::<Vec<_>>(), "script": m.script()});
        }
    }
    let (a, b) = solidcraft_engine::fuzz::boolean_shapes(seed);
-    eprintln!("boolean {seed} {} {}", serde_json::to_string(&a).unwrap_or_default(), serde_json::to_string(&b).unwrap_or_default());
+    solidcraft_engine::note!("boolean {seed} {} {}", serde_json::to_string(&a).unwrap_or_default(), serde_json::to_string(&b).unwrap_or_default());
    let b = boolean_case(seed);
    let bp = PANICS.swap(0, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
    println!("{}", json!({"seed": seed, "design": design, "boolean": b, "boolean_panics": bp}));
@@ -162,11 +162,14 @@ fn record(v: &Value, out_dir: Option<&str>) {
    let d = &v["design"];
    let bug = matches!(d["outcome"]["kind"].as_str(), Some("failed" | "panic" | "invalid" | "volume"));
    if bug || v.get("timeout").is_some() || v.get("crash").is_some() {
-        eprintln!("seed {seed}: {}", if bug { format!("{} {}", d["outcome"]["kind"], d["outcome"]["detail"]) } else { format!("{v}") });
+        solidcraft_engine::note!(
+            "seed {seed}: {}",
+            if bug { format!("{} {}", d["outcome"]["kind"], d["outcome"]["detail"]) } else { format!("{v}") }
+        );
    }
    let bk = v["boolean"]["outcome"].as_str().unwrap_or("ok");
    if bk != "ok" {
-        eprintln!("seed {seed}: boolean {bk} {}", v["boolean"]["detail"]);
+        solidcraft_engine::note!("seed {seed}: boolean {bk} {}", v["boolean"]["detail"]);
    }
    if let Some(dir) = out_dir {
        use std::io::Write;
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 //! solidcraft-cli oracle <case-dir>...                         replay recipes and compare with expected.json
 //! solidcraft-cli kernel-cases [--json] [--dumps=DIR] [--validation=MODE] <case-dir>... the kernel regression rig (tests/kernel-cases)
 //! solidcraft-cli mcp [--headless] [--in design|script] [--connect HOST:PORT [--token T]] [--allow-path DIR]... [--allow-any-path]
-//!                    [--param-check off|warn|strict]
+//!                    [--param-check off|warn|strict] [--compact]
 //!                                                             MCP server on stdio (docs/mcp.md)
 //! solidcraft-cli mcp setup [--dry-run] [--client NAME] [--live] (alias: mcp install) add it to OpenCode, Claude Desktop, Claude Code, Cursor
 //! solidcraft-cli licences                                     SolidCraft's licence and the third-party licences
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ struct Command {
 /// `run`'s lines in the usage.
 const USAGE_RUN: &str = "  solidcraft-cli run <script.json|design.sc|part.step> [--in design.sc|part.step] [--out FILE]... [--save FILE] [--quiet] [--results] [--timings] [--profile] [--profile-out trace.json] [--json-out FILE] [--allow-errors] [--validation each_step|each_feature|off]\n                     [--param-check off|warn|strict]\n  solidcraft-cli run --in <design.sc|part.step> [--out FILE]...\n      (a timeline feature that fails fails the run and nothing is written; --allow-errors writes anyway)\n      (--validation: when SMLib's full check runs on the features computed (diagnostics.validation), default each_feature)\n      (--param-check checks each step against its command's contract: warn reports on stderr, strict stops the run)\n      (--timings prints {timings: [{index, command, ms}], total_ms} for a script, with --results its results too;\n       --profile adds each command's profile: {boolean_ms, tessellate_ms, other_ms}, the kernel's share)\n      (--profile also records where the time goes, SMLib's calls, kernel operations, features, commands and import stages,\n       and prints the table to stderr: count, total, self time and longest per span; --profile-out FILE writes the spans\n       as a Chrome trace for chrome://tracing or ui.perfetto.dev; SOLIDCRAFT_PROFILE=1 does the same for any command)\n";
 /// `eval`'s lines in the usage.
-const USAGE_EVAL: &str = "  solidcraft-cli eval <script.json|design.sc|part.step> [--in design.sc|part.step] [--json-out FILE] [--profile] [--profile-out trace.json]     (alias: inspect)\n  solidcraft-cli eval --in <script.json|design.sc|part.step> [--json-out FILE]\n      (with both inputs, runs the positional script on --in before measuring; does not automatically save the modified design)\n      (--json-out FILE writes the JSON that run (with --results, else the measurement) and eval print to FILE instead of stdout,\n       as plain UTF-8: a shell's > can re-encode it, e.g. Windows PowerShell adds a byte-order mark)\n      (--profile and --profile-out as for run)\n";
+const USAGE_EVAL: &str = "  solidcraft-cli eval <script.json|design.sc|part.step> [--in design.sc|part.step] [--json-out FILE] [--profile] [--profile-out trace.json] [--validation each_step|each_feature|off]     (alias: inspect)\n  solidcraft-cli eval --in <script.json|design.sc|part.step> [--json-out FILE]\n      (with both inputs, runs the positional script on --in before measuring; does not automatically save the modified design)\n      (--json-out FILE writes the JSON that run (with --results, else the measurement) and eval print to FILE instead of stdout,\n       as plain UTF-8: a shell's > can re-encode it, e.g. Windows PowerShell adds a byte-order mark)\n      (--profile, --profile-out and --validation as for run)\n";
 /// `script`'s lines in the usage.
 const USAGE_SCRIPT: &str = "  solidcraft-cli script <design.sc|script.json> [--out script.json]\n      (the design's history as a command script that eval and run replay)\n";
 /// `bench-open`'s lines in the usage.
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ const USAGE_KERNEL_CASES: &str = "  solidcraft-cli kernel-cases <case-dir>... [-
 const USAGE_FUZZ: &str =
    "  solidcraft-cli fuzz [--from N] [--count N] [--jobs J] [--timeout S] [--steps N] [--minimise] [--out DIR] [--report FILE]\n";
 /// `mcp`'s lines in the usage.
-const USAGE_MCP: &str = "  solidcraft-cli mcp [--headless] [--in design.sc|script.json] [--connect 127.0.0.1:PORT [--token T]] [--allow-path DIR]... [--allow-any-path]\n                     [--param-check off|warn|strict] [--render-gpu]\n  solidcraft-cli mcp setup [--dry-run] [--client opencode|claude-desktop|claude-code|cursor] [--live]\n      (adds a `solidcraft` server, with this program's path, to each installed AI client; --live adds `solidcraft-live` for the running app; alias: mcp install)\n";
+const USAGE_MCP: &str = "  solidcraft-cli mcp [--headless] [--in design.sc|script.json] [--connect 127.0.0.1:PORT [--token T]] [--allow-path DIR]... [--allow-any-path]\n                     [--param-check off|warn|strict] [--render-gpu] [--compact]\n      (--compact, SOLIDCRAFT_MCP_COMPACT=1 or the app's Preferences › AI (with --connect): compact tool output for\n       agents: inspect_design summarises sketches and takes `sketches` by name and a `bodies` filter, and tool JSON\n       is not pretty-printed; off by default)\n  solidcraft-cli mcp setup [--dry-run] [--client opencode|claude-desktop|claude-code|cursor] [--live]\n      (adds a `solidcraft` server, with this program's path, to each installed AI client; --live adds `solidcraft-live` for the running app; alias: mcp install)\n";
 /// `crashes`'s lines in the usage.
 const USAGE_CRASHES: &str = "  solidcraft-cli crashes [list [--json] | show <id> | replay <id> | dir | clear [<id>]]\n";
 /// `licences`'s lines in the usage.
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ fn main() -> ExitCode {
        }
    };
    if let Err(e) = max_file_size(&mut args) {
-        eprintln!("error: {e}");
+        solidcraft_engine::note!("error: {e}");
        return ExitCode::FAILURE;
    }
    let r = match args.first().map(String::as_str) {
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ fn main() -> ExitCode {
    match r {
        Ok(()) => ExitCode::SUCCESS,
        Err(e) => {
-            eprintln!("error: {e}");
+            solidcraft_engine::note!("error: {e}");
            ExitCode::FAILURE
        }
    }
@@ -318,6 +318,19 @@ fn load_checked(path: &str, check: solidcraft_engine::schema::ParamCheck) -> Res
 /// `load_checked`, the features computed under `validation` (`diagnostics.validation`), which
 /// the session keeps.
 fn load_with(path: &str, check: solidcraft_engine::schema::ParamCheck, validation: solidcraft_engine::kernel::Validation) -> Result<Session, String> {
+    let s = read_session(path, check, validation)?;
+    // A newer SolidCraft's file opens all the same; stderr says so, stdout stays the caller's.
+    for warning in s.doc.newer_file.iter().flat_map(|file| file.warnings()) {
+        eprintln!("{path}: warning: {warning}");
+    }
+    Ok(s)
+}
+
+fn read_session(
+    path: &str,
+    check: solidcraft_engine::schema::ParamCheck,
+    validation: solidcraft_engine::kernel::Validation,
+) -> Result<Session, String> {
    let mut s = Session::default();
    s.param_check = check;
    s.set_validation(validation);
@@ -351,7 +364,7 @@ fn run_script_warning(s: &mut Session, path: &str, script: &Value) -> Result<Vec
 /// Step `step`'s `param_warnings` on stderr, one per line, named after the script at `path`.
 fn print_param_warnings(path: &str, step: usize, r: &Value) {
    for w in r.get("param_warnings").and_then(Value::as_array).into_iter().flatten() {
-        eprintln!("{path}: step {}: {}", step + 1, w.as_str().unwrap_or_default());
+        solidcraft_engine::note!("{path}: step {}: {}", step + 1, w.as_str().unwrap_or_default());
    }
 }

@@ -484,8 +497,10 @@ fn cmd_run(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
    // A feature that fails leaves the bodies as they were before it (a parameter change can
    // break a feature without failing the command that made it): writing them would hand out
    // the wrong part with success, so fail the run unless asked to write it anyway.
+    // A feature only a newer SolidCraft can build isn't a broken design: saving the design keeps it
+    // and hands out no part. Exporting bodies without it would, so that still stops.
    if !args.iter().any(|a| a == "--allow-errors") {
-        timeline_ok(&s)?;
+        timeline_ok(&s, flags(args, "--out").is_empty())?;
    }
    for out in flags(args, "--out") {
        s.execute("file.export", &json!({"path": out})).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
@@ -561,8 +576,12 @@ fn known_args(cmd: &str, args: &[String], valued: &[&str], switches: &[&str], po
 }

 /// Every failing timeline feature, one per line, as an error; Ok when none fails.
-fn timeline_ok(s: &Session) -> Result<(), String> {
-    let failed: Vec<String> = s.model.results.iter().filter_map(|r| r.error.as_ref().map(|e| format!("  {}: {e}", r.name))).collect();
+fn timeline_ok(s: &Session, skip_newer_features: bool) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let newer = |id: u64| {
+        skip_newer_features && s.doc.feature(id).is_some_and(|f| matches!(f.kind, solidcraft_engine::doc::FeatureKind::NewerFileFeature { .. }))
+    };
+    let failed: Vec<String> =
+        s.model.results.iter().filter(|r| !newer(r.id)).filter_map(|r| r.error.as_ref().map(|e| format!("  {}: {e}", r.name))).collect();
    if failed.is_empty() {
        return Ok(());
    }
@@ -573,13 +592,15 @@ fn timeline_ok(s: &Session) -> Result<(), String> {
    ))
 }

+/// Runs `solidcraft-cli eval` (and its `inspect` alias), opening the input design or script with the requested `--validation` mode and reporting both `inspect.measure` and `document.inspect`.
 fn cmd_eval(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
    let json_out = json_out(args)?;
-    known_args("eval", args, &["--in", "--json-out", "--profile-out"], &["--profile"], true)?;
-    let mut s = open(flag(args, "--in"), positional(args), solidcraft_engine::schema::ParamCheck::Off)?;
+    known_args("eval", args, &["--in", "--json-out", "--profile-out", "--validation"], &["--profile"], true)?;
+    let validation = validation_flag("eval", args)?;
+    let mut s = open_validating(flag(args, "--in"), positional(args), solidcraft_engine::schema::ParamCheck::Off, validation)?;
    let m = s.execute("inspect.measure", &json!({})).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
    let d = s.execute("document.inspect", &json!({})).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-    let out = json!({
+    let mut out = json!({
        "body_count": m["body_count"],
        "bodies": m["bodies"],
        "total": m["total"],
@@ -587,6 +608,10 @@ fn cmd_eval(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
        "params": d["params"],
        "sketches": d["sketches"],
    });
+    if let Some(file) = &s.doc.newer_file {
+        out["newer_file"] = file.report();
+        out["warnings"] = json!(file.warnings());
+    }
    print_json(&out, json_out)
 }

@@ -598,10 +623,10 @@ fn cmd_script(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
    let out = flag(args, "--out");
    let r = s.execute("timeline.export_script", &json!({"path": out})).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
    for what in r["omitted"].as_array().into_iter().flatten().filter_map(Value::as_str) {
-        eprintln!("note: the script leaves out {what}");
+        solidcraft_engine::note!("note: the script leaves out {what}");
    }
    match out {
-        Some(out) => eprintln!("{out}: {} steps", r["steps"]),
+        Some(out) => solidcraft_engine::note!("{out}: {} steps", r["steps"]),
        None => println!("{}", pretty(&r["script"])),
    }
    Ok(())
@@ -632,7 +657,7 @@ fn cmd_gpu(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
    );
    match s.lands_on {
        Some(solidcraft_gpu::select::Landing::Cpu) => {
-            eprintln!("warning: {}", solidcraft_engine::capture::CPU_WARNING);
+            solidcraft_engine::note!("warning: {}", solidcraft_engine::capture::CPU_WARNING);
            Ok(())
        }
        Some(_) => Ok(()),
@@ -709,7 +734,7 @@ fn cmd_snapshot(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
    std::fs::write(out, &png.bytes).map_err(|e| format!("{out}: {e}"))?;
    let mut reply = json!({"path": out, "width": w, "height": h, "bytes": png.bytes.len(), "renderer": png.renderer});
    if let Some(w) = solidcraft_engine::capture::warning(png.renderer) {
-        eprintln!("warning: {w}");
+        solidcraft_engine::note!("warning: {w}");
        reply["warning"] = json!(w);
    }
    println!("{}", pretty(&reply));
@@ -792,11 +817,15 @@ fn cmd_mcp(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
        return Err("mcp: --render-gpu installs a headless image host; a connected application owns its own device".into());
    }
    install_renderer();
+    let options = solidcraft_mcp::Options::from_args_and_env(args).map_err(|e| format!("mcp: {e}"))?;
+    if options.compact {
+        eprintln!("solidcraft mcp: compact output (inspect_design summarises sketches; tool JSON is not pretty-printed)");
+    }
    let scope = (!args.iter().any(|a| a == "--allow-any-path"))
        .then(|| solidcraft_mcp::agent_scope(flags(args, "--allow-path").into_iter().map(std::path::PathBuf::from)));
    if let Some(s) = &scope {
        let roots: Vec<String> = s.roots().iter().map(|r| r.display().to_string()).collect();
-        eprintln!(
+        solidcraft_engine::note!(
            "solidcraft mcp: files limited to {} and the folders of designs opened or saved here (--allow-path DIR adds one, --allow-any-path lifts the limit)",
            roots.join(", ")
        );
@@ -804,7 +833,7 @@ fn cmd_mcp(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
            .and_then(|p| std::path::Path::new(p).parent())
            .map(|d| if d.as_os_str().is_empty() { std::path::Path::new(".") } else { d });
        if let Some(why) = design_dir.and_then(solidcraft_engine::io::vfs::design_folder_refusal) {
-            eprintln!("solidcraft mcp: the design's folder is left out because {why}; add it with --allow-path if you mean it");
+            solidcraft_engine::note!("solidcraft mcp: the design's folder is left out because {why}; add it with --allow-path if you mean it");
        }
    }
    // How calls that break a command's parameter contract are treated, headless or bridged.
@@ -818,7 +847,7 @@ fn cmd_mcp(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
            // Serve without the app too: the tools connect once it runs, and say it isn't until then.
            let mut remote = solidcraft_mcp::Remote::new(addr, flag(args, "--token")).with_param_check(param_check);
            if let Err(e) = remote.try_connect() {
-                eprintln!(
+                solidcraft_engine::note!(
                    "solidcraft mcp: no SolidCraft app at {addr} yet ({e}); start it with `solidcraft --control {port}` \
                     (or SOLIDCRAFT_CONTROL_PORT={port}), tool calls connect once it runs"
                );
@@ -835,9 +864,9 @@ fn cmd_mcp(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
        (None, None) => {
            let auto = !args.iter().any(|a| a == "--headless");
            if auto && let Some(port) = discover_app() {
-                eprintln!("solidcraft mcp: bridged to the running app at 127.0.0.1:{port} (--headless starts a session of its own)");
+                solidcraft_engine::note!("solidcraft mcp: bridged to the running app at 127.0.0.1:{port} (--headless starts a session of its own)");
                let remote = solidcraft_mcp::Remote::new(&format!("127.0.0.1:{port}"), flag(args, "--token")).with_param_check(param_check);
-                return serve_mcp(Box::new(remote), scope);
+                return serve_mcp(Box::new(remote), scope, options);
            }
            let mut headless = solidcraft_mcp::Headless::default();
            headless.session.param_check = param_check;
@@ -852,13 +881,17 @@ fn cmd_mcp(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
            }
        }
    };
-    serve_mcp(backend, scope)
+    serve_mcp(backend, scope, options)
 }

-fn serve_mcp(backend: Box<dyn solidcraft_mcp::Backend>, scope: Option<solidcraft_engine::io::vfs::PathScope>) -> Result<(), String> {
+fn serve_mcp(
+    backend: Box<dyn solidcraft_mcp::Backend>,
+    scope: Option<solidcraft_engine::io::vfs::PathScope>,
+    options: solidcraft_mcp::Options,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
    let stdin = std::io::stdin();
    let stdout = std::io::stdout();
-    solidcraft_mcp::Server::new(backend).with_path_scope(scope).serve(stdin.lock(), stdout.lock()).map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+    solidcraft_mcp::Server::new(backend).with_path_scope(scope).with_options(options).serve(stdin.lock(), stdout.lock()).map_err(|e| e.to_string())
 }

 /// The port of the running desktop app: the one its discovery file names, if something listens
@@ -188,3 +188,26 @@ fn max_file_size_raises_the_limit_and_refuses_bad_sizes() {
    assert!(!output.status.success() && !stderr.contains("too large"), "{stderr}");
    let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
 }
+
+/// #10111: a line for a stderr whose reader has gone (the pipe closed before it, as an agent may
+/// leave the MCP server's, and the app that one starts) is dropped, and the command ends as it
+/// would with stderr open: here a script that isn't there fails with 1, where `eprintln!`
+/// panicked with "failed printing to stderr" (101).
+#[test]
+fn a_closed_stderr_does_not_stop_the_cli() {
+    for _ in 0..5 {
+        let mut child = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_solidcraft-cli"))
+            .args(["run", "no-such-script.json"])
+            .stdout(Stdio::null())
+            .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+            .spawn()
+            .unwrap();
+        drop(child.stderr.take());
+        assert_eq!(child.wait().unwrap().code(), Some(1));
+    }
+    // The old name's alias writes its deprecation notice first: an agent still configured with
+    // `solvecraft-cli mcp` must get the server, not that panic.
+    let mut child = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_solvecraft-cli")).arg("--help").stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::piped()).spawn().unwrap();
+    drop(child.stderr.take());
+    assert_eq!(child.wait().unwrap().code(), Some(0));
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+//! `mcp --compact` and `SOLIDCRAFT_MCP_COMPACT` turn on compact tool output; without them the
+//! server's tools are as they always were.
+
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
+
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+
+/// `inspect_design`'s input schema as `solidcraft-cli mcp` with `args` and `env` lists it, or
+/// the server's stderr when it does not start.
+fn inspect_schema(args: &[&str], env: Option<&str>) -> Result<Value, String> {
+    let mut cmd = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_solidcraft-cli"));
+    // --headless: never bridge to (and read the preference of) an app the developer has running.
+    cmd.args(["mcp", "--headless", "--allow-any-path"]).args(args).stdin(Stdio::piped()).stdout(Stdio::piped()).stderr(Stdio::piped());
+    match env {
+        Some(v) => cmd.env("SOLIDCRAFT_MCP_COMPACT", v),
+        None => cmd.env_remove("SOLIDCRAFT_MCP_COMPACT"),
+    };
+    let mut child = cmd.spawn().unwrap();
+    {
+        let mut stdin = child.stdin.take().unwrap();
+        // The server may refuse to start and close stdin first.
+        let _ = writeln!(stdin, "{}", json!({"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1, "method": "tools/list"}));
+    }
+    let out = child.wait_with_output().unwrap();
+    if !out.status.success() {
+        return Err(String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stderr).into_owned());
+    }
+    let reply: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&out.stdout).unwrap();
+    let tools = reply["result"]["tools"].as_array().cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+    Ok(tools.into_iter().find(|t| t["name"] == "inspect_design").map(|t| t["inputSchema"].clone()).unwrap_or(Value::Null))
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn compact_output_is_off_unless_asked() {
+    let plain = inspect_schema(&[], None).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(plain["properties"]["sketches"]["type"], "boolean", "{plain}");
+    assert!(plain["properties"].get("bodies").is_none(), "{plain}");
+    assert_eq!(inspect_schema(&[], Some("0")).unwrap(), plain);
+
+    for (args, env) in [(&["--compact"][..], None), (&[][..], Some("1")), (&[][..], Some("true"))] {
+        let compact = inspect_schema(args, env).unwrap();
+        assert!(compact["properties"]["bodies"].is_object(), "{args:?} {env:?}: {compact}");
+    }
+
+    let e = inspect_schema(&[], Some("maybe")).unwrap_err();
+    assert!(e.contains("SOLIDCRAFT_MCP_COMPACT"), "{e}");
+}
@@ -60,15 +60,25 @@ fn mcp_connect_serves_before_the_app_runs_and_reaches_it_once_it_does() {
    let listener = TcpListener::bind(&addr).unwrap();
    let app = std::thread::spawn(move || {
        let (stream, _) = listener.accept().unwrap();
-        let mut line = String::new();
-        BufReader::new(stream.try_clone().unwrap()).read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
-        let req: Value = serde_json::from_str(&line).unwrap();
-        let reply = if req["token"] == json!(token) {
-            json!({"id": req["id"], "ok": true, "result": {"bodies": [], "method": req["method"]}})
-        } else {
-            json!({"id": req["id"], "ok": false, "error": format!("unauthorized: token {}", req["token"])})
-        };
-        writeln!(&stream, "{reply}").unwrap();
+        let mut lines = BufReader::new(stream.try_clone().unwrap());
+        loop {
+            let mut line = String::new();
+            lines.read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
+            let req: Value = serde_json::from_str(&line).unwrap();
+            // The server first asks for the agents' output options (the compact preference: off).
+            let options = req["method"] == "mcp.options";
+            let reply = if req["token"] != json!(token) {
+                json!({"id": req["id"], "ok": false, "error": format!("unauthorized: token {}", req["token"])})
+            } else if options {
+                json!({"id": req["id"], "ok": true, "result": {"compact": false}})
+            } else {
+                json!({"id": req["id"], "ok": true, "result": {"bodies": [], "method": req["method"]}})
+            };
+            writeln!(&stream, "{reply}").unwrap();
+            if !options {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
    });
    let r = ask(4, "tools/call", measure);
    assert_ne!(r["result"]["isError"], true, "{r}");
@@ -111,10 +121,21 @@ fn mcp_without_arguments_finds_the_running_app() {
                break (stream, line);
            }
        };
-        let req: Value = serde_json::from_str(&line).unwrap();
-        let ok = req["token"] == json!(token);
-        let reply = json!({"id": req["id"], "ok": ok, "result": {"bodies": [], "method": req["method"]}, "error": "unauthorized"});
-        writeln!(&stream, "{reply}").unwrap();
+        let mut lines = BufReader::new(stream.try_clone().unwrap());
+        let mut line = line;
+        // The server first asks for the agents' output options (the compact preference: off).
+        loop {
+            let req: Value = serde_json::from_str(&line).unwrap();
+            let ok = req["token"] == json!(token);
+            let options = req["method"] == "mcp.options";
+            let result = if options { json!({"compact": false}) } else { json!({"bodies": [], "method": req["method"]}) };
+            writeln!(&stream, "{}", json!({"id": req["id"], "ok": ok, "result": result, "error": "unauthorized"})).unwrap();
+            if !options {
+                break;
+            }
+            line.clear();
+            lines.read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
+        }
    });
    let mut child = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_solidcraft-cli"))
        .args(["mcp", "--allow-any-path"])
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ fn cli_loads_both_design_encodings_by_contents() {
 }

 /// #1369: a pending concept that did not land in the numbered release must not be silently
-/// dropped on open/resave, in either encoding or before replacing an existing destination.
+/// dropped on open/resave, in either encoding: it opens with a warning, and saving keeps it.
 #[test]
 fn unknown_pending_concepts_preserve_the_open_design_and_output_files() {
    use solidcraft_engine::{Session, doc, io};
@@ -173,34 +173,29 @@ fn unknown_pending_concepts_preserve_the_open_design_and_output_files() {
            let source = dir.0.join(format!("experimental-{version}.{extension}"));
            std::fs::write(&source, &bytes).unwrap();
            let mut session = Session::default();
-            session.execute("solid.box", &json!({"length": 2, "width": 3, "height": 4})).unwrap();
-            let original = session.doc.clone();
-            let original_path = session.path.clone();
-            let undo = session.undo.len();
-            let dirty = session.is_dirty();
-            let err = session.execute("doc.open", &json!({"path": source})).unwrap_err().to_string();
-            assert!(err.contains("experimental-card") && err.contains("update SolidCraft"), "{err}");
-            assert_eq!(session.doc, original);
-            assert_eq!(session.path, original_path);
-            assert_eq!(session.undo.len(), undo);
-            assert_eq!(session.is_dirty(), dirty);
+            // It opens, and the reply says what it is.
+            let reply = session.execute("doc.open", &json!({"path": source})).unwrap();
+            let notice = reply["newer_file"]["notice"].as_str().unwrap().to_string();
+            assert!(notice.contains("experimental-card") && notice.starts_with("Saved by a newer SolidCraft"), "{notice}");
+            assert_eq!(reply["warnings"][0], notice.as_str());
+            assert_eq!(session.doc.name, "Experimental");

            for existing in [false, true] {
                let destination = dir.0.join(format!("output-{version}-{extension}-{existing}.{extension}"));
                let backup = io::backup_path(&destination);
                if existing {
                    std::fs::write(&destination, b"existing design").unwrap();
-                    std::fs::write(&backup, b"existing backup").unwrap();
                }
                let output = cli().args(["run", "--in"]).arg(&source).arg("--save").arg(&destination).output().unwrap();
-                assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1));
                let error = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
-                assert!(error.contains("experimental-card") && error.contains("update SolidCraft"), "{error}");
+                assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(0), "{error}");
+                assert!(error.contains("warning: Saved by a newer SolidCraft") && error.contains("experimental-card"), "{error}");
+                // Saved, it still says it has the change, and opens the same way.
+                let saved = io::read_design(&std::fs::read(&destination).unwrap()).unwrap();
+                assert!(saved.format_pending.iter().any(|name| name == "experimental-card"));
+                assert!(saved.newer_file.is_some());
                if existing {
-                    assert_eq!(std::fs::read(&destination).unwrap(), b"existing design");
-                    assert_eq!(std::fs::read(&backup).unwrap(), b"existing backup");
-                } else {
-                    assert!(!destination.exists() && !backup.exists());
+                    assert_eq!(std::fs::read(&backup).unwrap(), b"existing design");
                }
                assert_eq!(std::fs::read(&source).unwrap(), bytes);
            }
@@ -208,6 +203,43 @@ fn unknown_pending_concepts_preserve_the_open_design_and_output_files() {
    }
 }

+/// `eval` and `run` on a design one format newer, with a feature kind this version doesn't have:
+/// the rest builds, the reply names it, and the saved file still holds it, under the file's number.
+#[test]
+fn the_cli_opens_a_newer_design_and_saving_keeps_what_it_cant_read() {
+    use solidcraft_engine::{Session, doc, io};
+
+    let dir = Scratch::new();
+    let mut session = Session::default();
+    session.execute("solid.box", &json!({"length": 2, "width": 3, "height": 4})).unwrap();
+    let mut file: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&io::write_design(&session.doc)).unwrap();
+    let newer = doc::format::format_string(doc::format::FORMAT + 1);
+    file["format"] = json!(newer);
+    let future = json!({"id": 900, "name": "Lattice1", "type": "gyroid_lattice", "cell": 2.5});
+    file["features"].as_array_mut().unwrap().push(future.clone());
+    let source = dir.0.join("newer.json");
+    std::fs::write(&source, file.to_string()).unwrap();
+
+    let output = cli().args(["eval"]).arg(&source).output().unwrap();
+    let error = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
+    assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(0), "{error}");
+    assert!(error.contains("warning: Saved by a newer SolidCraft") && error.contains("Lattice1"), "{error}");
+    let reply: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&output.stdout).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(reply["body_count"], 1);
+    assert!(reply["newer_file"]["not_understood"][0].as_str().unwrap().contains("gyroid_lattice"), "{reply}");
+    assert!(reply["warnings"][0].as_str().unwrap().starts_with("Saved by a newer SolidCraft"), "{reply}");
+
+    for extension in ["json", "sc"] {
+        let destination = dir.0.join(format!("saved.{extension}"));
+        let output = cli().args(["run", "--in"]).arg(&source).arg("--save").arg(&destination).output().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(0), "{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+        let saved = io::read_design(&std::fs::read(&destination).unwrap()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(saved.format, newer, "never a lower number");
+        let again: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&io::write_design(&saved)).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(again["features"].as_array().unwrap().last().unwrap(), &future);
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn known_pending_concepts_and_released_files_round_trip_with_inert_metadata() {
    use solidcraft_engine::{doc, io};
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ solidcraft-engine = { workspace = true }
 solidcraft-ui-egui = { workspace = true }
 egui = { workspace = true }
 log = { workspace = true }
+serde_json = { workspace = true }
 url = "2"
 percent-encoding = "2"

@@ -33,7 +34,6 @@ eframe = { workspace = true, features = ["default_fonts", "wgpu", "accesskit"] }
 wasm-bindgen = "0.2"
 wasm-bindgen-futures = "0.4"
 js-sys = "0.3"
-serde_json = { workspace = true }
 web-sys = { version = "0.3", features = [
    "Window", "Document", "Element", "HtmlElement", "HtmlCanvasElement", "Location", "Navigator", "StorageManager",
    "FileSystemHandle", "FileSystemDirectoryHandle", "FileSystemFileHandle", "FileSystemGetFileOptions", "FileSystemGetDirectoryOptions", "FileSystemWritableFileStream",
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ mod web {
    /// Open a design remembered from an earlier session (a recent one, after a reload): ask once
    /// for access to the file (call in the click), read it into the engine's files and queue it
    /// to open. A file that is gone is forgotten and dropped from the recent designs.
-    pub fn restore(files: &Rc<Files>, path: &str) {
+    pub fn restore(files: &Rc<Files>, path: &str, on_opened: Option<Box<dyn FnOnce()>>) {
        let Some((id, name)) = parse(path) else { return };
        let (files, path, id, name) = (files.clone(), path.to_string(), id.to_string(), name.to_string());
        spawn_local(async move {
@@ -568,6 +568,9 @@ mod web {
                    files.opened.borrow_mut().push(path);
                    files.wake();
                    touch(&id).await;
+                    if let Some(done) = on_opened {
+                        done();
+                    }
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    let gone = e.contains("NotFoundError") || e.contains("could not be found") || e.contains("no longer remembers");
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
 //! and go out as downloads (exports, and "Download design"). Where the File System Access API
 //! exists a design also lives on the computer's disk, saved and opened through the browser's file
 //! dialogs (`disk.rs`). An autosave of unsaved work is kept in OPFS and offered again after a
-//! reload or a crash.
+//! reload or a crash. With "keep unsaved work in this browser" on, each open design's unsaved
+//! changes are kept there instead, one copy per design (`keep.rs`, #10220).

 use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 use std::rc::Rc;
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 use js_sys::{Array, Function, Object, Reflect, Uint8Array};
 use solidcraft_engine::io::vfs;

-use crate::disk;
+use crate::{disk, keep};
 use wasm_bindgen::{JsCast as _, JsValue, closure::Closure};
 use wasm_bindgen_futures::{JsFuture, spawn_local};
 use web_sys::{
@@ -79,6 +80,16 @@ pub struct Files {
    pub recovery: RefCell<Option<(String, Option<String>)>>,
    /// The app's context, to wake it when a browser call finishes.
    pub ctx: RefCell<Option<egui::Context>>,
+    /// This page's id: the copies it keeps are named after it (`keep::entry_id`).
+    pub keep_page: RefCell<String>,
+    /// Kept copies stored by this page, and the design revision each holds once its write ended.
+    pub kept: RefCell<std::collections::HashMap<String, Option<u64>>>,
+    /// Kept copies being written or removed now (one browser call at a time per copy).
+    pub keeping: RefCell<std::collections::HashSet<String>>,
+    /// When (ms) the last write of a copy failed, to wait before trying again (`keep::may_write`).
+    pub kept_failed: RefCell<std::collections::HashMap<String, f64>>,
+    /// Copies earlier pages left, newer than their design's last save: offered at start.
+    pub keep_offered: RefCell<Vec<keep::Entry>>,
 }

 impl Files {
@@ -288,6 +299,9 @@ pub fn start(files: &Rc<Files>) {
            let _ = JsFuture::from(p).await;
        });
    }
+    let page = keep::page_id(js_sys::Date::now(), js_sys::Math::random());
+    hold_page_lock(&page);
+    *files.keep_page.borrow_mut() = page;
    let files = files.clone();
    spawn_local(async move {
        match disk::known_ids().await {
@@ -300,6 +314,7 @@ pub fn start(files: &Rc<Files>) {
                    files.say("This page can't use the browser's file storage (it needs https or localhost): designs are kept in local storage, a few MB at most.", false);
                }
                let mut entries = Vec::new();
+                let kept = kept_copies(&all);
                let has_recovery = all.iter().any(|(n, _, _)| n == RECOVERY);
                let legacy = (!has_recovery).then(|| LEGACY_RECOVERY.into_iter().find(|l| all.iter().any(|(n, _, _)| n == l))).flatten();
                for (name, bytes, modified) in all {
@@ -315,7 +330,7 @@ pub fn start(files: &Rc<Files>) {
                        *files.recovery.borrow_mut() = Some((n, meta["path"].as_str().map(str::to_string)));
                        continue;
                    }
-                    if name != RECOVERY {
+                    if name != RECOVERY && keep::parse_name(&name).is_none() {
                        entries.push(Entry { name: name.clone(), size: bytes.len() as u64, modified });
                    }
                    vfs::insert(&format!("{OPFS}{name}"), bytes);
@@ -326,6 +341,7 @@ pub fn start(files: &Rc<Files>) {
                if !vfs::exists(&format!("{OPFS}{RECOVERY}")) {
                    *files.recovery.borrow_mut() = None;
                }
+                sort_kept(&files, kept, &live_pages().await);
            }
            Err(e) => files.say(format!("browser storage: {e}"), true),
        }
@@ -343,7 +359,7 @@ pub fn flush(files: &Rc<Files>) {
                {
                    let mut e = files.entries.borrow_mut();
                    e.retain(|x| x.name != name);
-                    if name != RECOVERY && name != RECOVERY_META {
+                    if name != RECOVERY && name != RECOVERY_META && keep::parse_name(&name).is_none() {
                        e.push(Entry { name: name.clone(), size: bytes.len() as u64, modified: js_sys::Date::now() });
                        e.sort_by_key(|a| a.name.to_lowercase());
                    }
@@ -473,7 +489,15 @@ pub fn recovery_path() -> String {
 /// A recovery file lives in OPFS, but its relative links belong to the original design's
 /// folder (which can be on disk). Resolve them before Open sees the temporary file location.
 pub fn prepare_recovery(original_path: Option<&str>) -> Result<String, String> {
-    let path = recovery_path();
+    prepare_copy(recovery_path(), original_path)
+}
+
+/// The same for a kept copy (#10220).
+pub fn prepare_kept(id: &str, original_path: Option<&str>) -> Result<String, String> {
+    prepare_copy(format!("{OPFS}{}", keep::design_file(id)), original_path)
+}
+
+fn prepare_copy(path: String, original_path: Option<&str>) -> Result<String, String> {
    let bytes = vfs::read(&path, solidcraft_engine::io::MAX_DESIGN_BYTES).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
    let mut doc = solidcraft_engine::io::read_design(&bytes).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
    solidcraft_engine::resolve_design_links(&mut doc, original_path);
@@ -646,3 +670,149 @@ pub fn take_drops(files: &Rc<Files>, raw: &mut egui::RawInput, theme: bool) {
        });
    }
 }
+
+/// Hold this page's browser lock while it runs, so other tabs know its kept copies are in use
+/// (`keep.rs`). Browsers without the Web Locks API hold none; their copies are then offered by
+/// any later page.
+fn hold_page_lock(page: &str) {
+    let Some(locks) = web_locks() else { return };
+    let Ok(request) = Reflect::get(&locks, &"request".into()).and_then(|f| f.dyn_into::<Function>()) else { return };
+    // A promise that never settles: the lock is let go only when the page goes.
+    let hold = Closure::<dyn FnMut(JsValue) -> js_sys::Promise>::new(|_lock: JsValue| js_sys::Promise::new(&mut |_, _| {}));
+    let name = format!("{}{page}", keep::LOCK_PREFIX);
+    if let Err(e) = request.call2(&locks, &name.into(), hold.as_ref().unchecked_ref()) {
+        log::info!("keep: no page lock: {}", err(e));
+    }
+    // The callback lives as long as the page.
+    hold.forget();
+}
+
+fn web_locks() -> Option<JsValue> {
+    let nav = web_sys::window()?.navigator();
+    Reflect::get(&nav, &"locks".into()).ok().filter(|l| l.is_object())
+}
+
+/// The pages still open (in this browser profile) that hold their lock.
+async fn live_pages() -> Vec<String> {
+    let query = async {
+        let locks = web_locks().ok_or("no Web Locks")?;
+        let f: Function = Reflect::get(&locks, &"query".into()).map_err(err)?.dyn_into().map_err(|_| "no query".to_string())?;
+        let p: js_sys::Promise = f.call0(&locks).map_err(err)?.dyn_into().map_err(|_| "no promise".to_string())?;
+        let state = JsFuture::from(p).await.map_err(err)?;
+        let held: Array = Reflect::get(&state, &"held".into()).map_err(err)?.dyn_into().map_err(|_| "no list".to_string())?;
+        Ok::<_, String>(
+            held.iter()
+                .take(10_000)
+                .filter_map(|l| Reflect::get(&l, &"name".into()).ok()?.as_string())
+                .filter_map(|n| n.strip_prefix(keep::LOCK_PREFIX).map(str::to_string))
+                .collect(),
+        )
+    };
+    query.await.unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+        log::info!("keep: open pages unknown ({e})");
+        Vec::new()
+    })
+}
+
+/// The kept copies among the stored files: (copy, when its design's file was last written), and
+/// the ids of designs stored without their metadata.
+struct Found {
+    copies: Vec<(keep::Entry, Option<f64>)>,
+    orphans: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+fn kept_copies(all: &[(String, Vec<u8>, f64)]) -> Found {
+    let modified = |path: &str| path.strip_prefix(OPFS).and_then(|n| all.iter().find(|(name, _, _)| name == n)).map(|(_, _, m)| *m);
+    let mut copies = Vec::new();
+    let mut designs = Vec::new();
+    for (name, bytes, _) in all {
+        match keep::parse_name(name) {
+            Some((id, keep::Part::Meta)) => {
+                if let Some(e) = keep::Entry::parse(id, bytes) {
+                    let saved = e.path.as_deref().and_then(modified);
+                    copies.push((e, saved));
+                }
+            }
+            Some((id, keep::Part::Design)) => designs.push(id.to_string()),
+            None => {}
+        }
+    }
+    // A copy is whole only with its design.
+    copies.retain(|(e, _)| designs.contains(&e.id));
+    let orphans = designs.into_iter().filter(|id| !copies.iter().any(|(e, _)| &e.id == id)).collect();
+    Found { copies, orphans }
+}
+
+/// Offer the copies earlier pages left that hold unsaved work, and remove those their design's
+/// later save made stale (and parts without the rest), leaving open pages' copies alone.
+fn sort_kept(files: &Rc<Files>, found: Found, live: &[String]) {
+    let mut offered = Vec::new();
+    let mut gone = Vec::new();
+    for (e, saved) in found.copies {
+        match keep::fate(&e, live, saved) {
+            keep::Fate::Offer => offered.push(e),
+            keep::Fate::Drop => gone.push(e.id),
+            keep::Fate::Leave => {}
+        }
+    }
+    gone.extend(found.orphans.into_iter().filter(|id| !keep::page_of(id).is_some_and(|p| live.iter().any(|l| l == p))));
+    keep::order_offered(&mut offered);
+    *files.keep_offered.borrow_mut() = offered;
+    for id in gone {
+        remove_kept(files, &id);
+    }
+}
+
+/// The path (in the engine's files) a kept copy opens from.
+pub fn kept_path(id: &str) -> String {
+    format!("{OPFS}{}", keep::design_file(id))
+}
+
+/// Write the copy of a design with unsaved changes (`bytes`, described by `entry`) that holds
+/// its revision `revision`. Its metadata goes last, so a copy is never offered half written.
+pub fn write_kept(files: &Rc<Files>, entry: &keep::Entry, bytes: Vec<u8>, revision: u64) {
+    let id = entry.id.clone();
+    if !files.keeping.borrow_mut().insert(id.clone()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    files.kept.borrow_mut().entry(id.clone()).or_insert(None);
+    let meta = entry.to_json();
+    let files = files.clone();
+    spawn_local(async move {
+        let r = async {
+            write_file(&keep::design_file(&id), &bytes).await?;
+            write_file(&keep::meta_file(&id), meta.as_bytes()).await
+        };
+        match r.await {
+            Ok(()) => {
+                files.kept.borrow_mut().insert(id.clone(), Some(revision));
+                files.kept_failed.borrow_mut().remove(&id);
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                files.kept_failed.borrow_mut().insert(id.clone(), js_sys::Date::now());
+                files.say(format!("keeping unsaved work in this browser: {e}"), true)
+            }
+        }
+        files.keeping.borrow_mut().remove(&id);
+        files.wake();
+    });
+}
+
+/// Remove kept copy `id` (its design was saved, closed, discarded or restored).
+pub fn remove_kept(files: &Rc<Files>, id: &str) {
+    let id = id.to_string();
+    if !files.keeping.borrow_mut().insert(id.clone()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    let _ = vfs::remove(&kept_path(&id));
+    files.kept_failed.borrow_mut().remove(&id);
+    let files = files.clone();
+    spawn_local(async move {
+        // The metadata first: what's left without it is never offered.
+        let _ = remove_file(&keep::meta_file(&id)).await;
+        let _ = remove_file(&keep::design_file(&id)).await;
+        files.kept.borrow_mut().remove(&id);
+        files.keeping.borrow_mut().remove(&id);
+        files.wake();
+    });
+}
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ fn prompt() {
        let _ = js_sys::Reflect::set(&window, &OFFER.into(), &JsValue::NULL);
    }
    let shown = js_sys::Reflect::get(&offer, &"prompt".into())
-        .and_then(|f| f.dyn_into::<js_sys::Function>().map_err(JsValue::from))
+        .and_then(|f| f.dyn_into::<js_sys::Function>())
        .and_then(|f| f.call0(&offer))
-        .and_then(|p| p.dyn_into::<js_sys::Promise>().map_err(JsValue::from));
+        .and_then(|p| p.dyn_into::<js_sys::Promise>());
    match shown {
        // Accepted or dismissed, the browser handles it; a refusal is only logged.
        Ok(p) => wasm_bindgen_futures::spawn_local(async move {
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+//! Keep unsaved work in this browser (#10220): the decisions, in plain Rust (tested natively).
+//!
+//! With Preferences › General › "Keep unsaved work in this browser instead of asking when the tab
+//! closes" on, each open design with unsaved changes has a copy in the browser's private storage:
+//! `keep-<id>.sc` (the design) and `keep-<id>.json` (its name, its file and when it last
+//! changed). The copy is written shortly after each change ([`due`]) and again when the page is
+//! hidden, so it is already current when the tab closes; the page then doesn't ask through the
+//! browser's "leave site?" box ([`asks_before_unload`]). A design that is saved, closed or
+//! discarded has its copy removed. The next visit offers the copies newer than their design's
+//! last save ([`fate`]) in SolidCraft's own window, answered with [`plan`].
+//!
+//! An id is `<page>-<n>`: the page that wrote it (each page load has its own) and the design's
+//! number in that page. A page holds a browser lock named after it while it runs, so another tab
+//! never offers, or removes, the copies of a page that is still open.
+#![cfg_attr(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), allow(dead_code))]
+
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+
+/// The start of every kept file's name.
+pub const PREFIX: &str = "keep-";
+/// The browser lock a page holds while it runs: this, then its page id.
+pub const LOCK_PREFIX: &str = "solidcraft.keep.";
+/// A copy is written once the design has been still this long (ms)…
+pub const QUIET_MS: f64 = 800.0;
+/// …or at the latest this long after the first change it doesn't hold yet (ms).
+pub const MAX_WAIT_MS: f64 = 4000.0;
+/// The most copies offered at once (the rest wait for the next visit).
+pub const MAX_OFFERED: usize = 32;
+const MAX_ID: usize = 64;
+const MAX_NAME: usize = 256;
+const MAX_PATH: usize = 4096;
+/// Copies' metadata is small: a damaged or hostile one is not read.
+pub const MAX_META_BYTES: usize = 64 * 1024;
+
+/// Ids are short and safe in a file name: ASCII letters, digits and dashes, with a page part.
+pub fn valid_id(id: &str) -> bool {
+    !id.is_empty() && id.len() <= MAX_ID && id.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '-') && page_of(id).is_some()
+}
+
+/// The page that wrote copy `id`.
+pub fn page_of(id: &str) -> Option<&str> {
+    id.rsplit_once('-').map(|(page, _)| page).filter(|p| !p.is_empty())
+}
+
+/// This page's id, from the time it started (ms since 1970) and a random number in 0..1:
+/// letters and digits only.
+pub fn page_id(now_ms: f64, random: f64) -> String {
+    let now = if now_ms.is_finite() && now_ms > 0.0 { now_ms.min(1e15) as u64 } else { 0 };
+    let random = if random.is_finite() { (random.clamp(0.0, 1.0) * f64::from(0xff_ffff)) as u64 } else { 0 };
+    format!("{now:x}{random:06x}")
+}
+
+/// The copy of design `uid` (`Session::uid`) open in page `page`.
+pub fn entry_id(page: &str, uid: u64) -> String {
+    format!("{page}-{uid}")
+}
+
+/// The stored file names of copy `id`: its design and its metadata.
+pub fn design_file(id: &str) -> String {
+    format!("{PREFIX}{id}.{}", solidcraft_engine::io::DESIGN_EXT)
+}
+pub fn meta_file(id: &str) -> String {
+    format!("{PREFIX}{id}.json")
+}
+
+/// Which part of a copy a stored file is.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Part {
+    Design,
+    Meta,
+}
+
+/// A stored file's copy id and part; `None` for every other file.
+pub fn parse_name(name: &str) -> Option<(&str, Part)> {
+    let rest = name.strip_prefix(PREFIX)?;
+    let (id, part) = if let Some(id) = rest.strip_suffix(".json") {
+        (id, Part::Meta)
+    } else {
+        (rest.strip_suffix(solidcraft_engine::io::DESIGN_EXT)?.strip_suffix('.')?, Part::Design)
+    };
+    valid_id(id).then_some((id, part))
+}
+
+/// A kept copy, as its metadata describes it.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Entry {
+    pub id: String,
+    /// The design's name.
+    pub name: String,
+    /// Its file (`None`: never saved).
+    pub path: Option<String>,
+    /// When the design last changed (ms since 1970).
+    pub changed_at: f64,
+}
+
+impl Entry {
+    pub fn to_json(&self) -> String {
+        json!({"name": self.name, "path": self.path, "changed_at": self.changed_at}).to_string()
+    }
+
+    /// Read copy `id`'s metadata. Anything malformed, oversized or not finite is no copy.
+    pub fn parse(id: &str, bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<Entry> {
+        if !valid_id(id) || bytes.len() > MAX_META_BYTES {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let v: Value = serde_json::from_slice(bytes).ok()?;
+        let name = v.get("name")?.as_str()?.chars().take(MAX_NAME).collect::<String>();
+        let path = match v.get("path") {
+            None | Some(Value::Null) => None,
+            Some(p) => Some(p.as_str().filter(|p| !p.is_empty() && p.len() <= MAX_PATH)?.to_string()),
+        };
+        let changed_at = v.get("changed_at")?.as_f64().filter(|t| t.is_finite() && *t >= 0.0)?;
+        Some(Entry { id: id.to_string(), name, path, changed_at })
+    }
+}
+
+/// Whether a copy that last changed at `changed_at` holds work its design's file doesn't:
+/// the file was last written at `saved_at` (ms since 1970; `None` or unknown: never saved, or
+/// the time can't be read, so the copy is kept rather than lost).
+pub fn newer_than_save(changed_at: f64, saved_at: Option<f64>) -> bool {
+    match saved_at {
+        Some(saved) if saved.is_finite() && saved > 0.0 => changed_at > saved,
+        _ => true,
+    }
+}
+
+/// What the next visit does with a copy it finds.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Fate {
+    /// Offer it: "Restore unsaved design…?".
+    Offer,
+    /// Its design was saved after it: remove it without asking.
+    Drop,
+    /// Its page is still open (another tab): leave it alone.
+    Leave,
+}
+
+/// The copy `entry`, whose design's file was last written at `saved_at`, while the pages
+/// `live` are open.
+pub fn fate(entry: &Entry, live: &[String], saved_at: Option<f64>) -> Fate {
+    if page_of(&entry.id).is_some_and(|p| live.iter().any(|l| l == p)) {
+        Fate::Leave
+    } else if newer_than_save(entry.changed_at, saved_at) {
+        Fate::Offer
+    } else {
+        Fate::Drop
+    }
+}
+
+/// Copies to offer first: the most recently changed, at most [`MAX_OFFERED`].
+pub fn order_offered(entries: &mut Vec<Entry>) {
+    entries.sort_by(|a, b| b.changed_at.total_cmp(&a.changed_at).then_with(|| a.id.cmp(&b.id)));
+    entries.truncate(MAX_OFFERED);
+}
+
+/// Whether a design's copy is due to be written at `now`: the design last changed at
+/// `last_change`, and the copy has lacked a change since `first_unwritten` (all ms).
+pub fn due(now: f64, first_unwritten: f64, last_change: f64) -> bool {
+    now - last_change >= QUIET_MS || now - first_unwritten >= MAX_WAIT_MS
+}
+
+/// How long after a failed write of a design's copy it isn't tried again (ms).
+pub const RETRY_MS: f64 = 30_000.0;
+
+/// Whether a copy whose write last failed at `failed_at` (ms; `None`: it hasn't) may be written
+/// at `now`: not before [`RETRY_MS`] has passed, so a full or denied store isn't hit every tick.
+pub fn may_write(now: f64, failed_at: Option<f64>) -> bool {
+    failed_at.is_none_or(|t| !(now >= t) || now - t >= RETRY_MS)
+}
+
+/// Whether `wanted` is the design now open, given the open design's path.
+pub fn is_open(open: Option<&str>, wanted: &str) -> bool {
+    open == Some(wanted)
+}
+
+/// Whether leaving the page asks through the browser's "leave site?" box: there is unsaved work,
+/// and either the user still wants to be asked or it isn't all kept in the browser yet (with the
+/// keep preference off it never is, so there the box always stays).
+pub fn asks_before_unload(persists: bool, keep: bool, also_ask: bool, any_unsaved: bool, all_kept: bool) -> bool {
+    persists && any_unsaved && (also_ask || !(keep && all_kept))
+}
+
+/// An answer in the "Restore unsaved design?" window.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Answer {
+    /// Open the copy, with its unsaved changes, as the design it was (saving goes to its file).
+    Restore,
+    /// Open the design's file as last saved; the copy goes.
+    OpenSaved,
+    /// The copy goes.
+    Discard,
+}
+
+/// What an answer does.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Plan {
+    /// Open the copy (and, once it is open, give it back its name and file).
+    pub open_copy: bool,
+    /// Open this saved file.
+    pub open_saved: Option<String>,
+    /// Remove the copy.
+    pub drop_copy: bool,
+}
+
+/// What `answer` does to copy `entry`; `saved_exists`: its file can still be opened. `None`: the
+/// answer isn't offered for it (Open saved version of a design never saved, or gone).
+pub fn plan(answer: Answer, entry: &Entry, saved_exists: bool) -> Option<Plan> {
+    match answer {
+        Answer::Restore => Some(Plan { open_copy: true, open_saved: None, drop_copy: true }),
+        Answer::OpenSaved => {
+            let path = entry.path.clone().filter(|_| saved_exists)?;
+            Some(Plan { open_copy: false, open_saved: Some(path), drop_copy: true })
+        }
+        Answer::Discard => Some(Plan { open_copy: false, open_saved: None, drop_copy: true }),
+    }
+}
+
+/// The answers the window offers for `entry`, in order.
+pub fn answers(entry: &Entry, saved_exists: bool) -> Vec<Answer> {
+    [Answer::Restore, Answer::OpenSaved, Answer::Discard].into_iter().filter(|a| plan(*a, entry, saved_exists).is_some()).collect()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn entry(id: &str, changed_at: f64, path: Option<&str>) -> Entry {
+        Entry { id: id.into(), name: "Bracket".into(), path: path.map(str::to_string), changed_at }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_failed_write_waits_before_the_next_try() {
+        assert!(may_write(1000.0, None));
+        assert!(!may_write(1000.0 + RETRY_MS - 1.0, Some(1000.0)));
+        assert!(may_write(1000.0 + RETRY_MS, Some(1000.0)));
+        // A clock that went back doesn't block for good.
+        assert!(may_write(10.0, Some(1000.0)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_design_counts_as_opened_only_at_its_own_path() {
+        assert!(is_open(Some("a.sc"), "a.sc"));
+        assert!(!is_open(Some("b.sc"), "a.sc"));
+        assert!(!is_open(None, "a.sc"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn copies_are_named_by_page_and_design_and_nothing_else_reads_as_one() {
+        let page = page_id(1_700_000_000_000.0, 0.5);
+        assert!(page.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_hexdigit()));
+        let id = entry_id(&page, 7);
+        assert!(valid_id(&id));
+        assert_eq!(page_of(&id), Some(page.as_str()));
+        assert_eq!(parse_name(&design_file(&id)), Some((id.as_str(), Part::Design)));
+        assert_eq!(parse_name(&meta_file(&id)), Some((id.as_str(), Part::Meta)));
+        for other in ["part.sc", "recovery.sc", "recovery.json", "keep-.sc", "keep-x.sc", "keep-a/b-1.sc", "keep-a-1.step", "keep-a-1sc"] {
+            assert_eq!(parse_name(other), None, "{other}");
+        }
+        // Hostile clocks still give a usable id.
+        for (now, random) in [(f64::NAN, f64::NAN), (f64::INFINITY, -1.0), (-5.0, 9.0)] {
+            assert!(valid_id(&entry_id(&page_id(now, random), 1)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn metadata_round_trips_and_hostile_metadata_is_no_copy() {
+        let e = entry("a1-3", 1234.0, Some("/opfs/Bracket.sc"));
+        assert_eq!(Entry::parse("a1-3", e.to_json().as_bytes()), Some(e.clone()));
+        let never_saved = entry("a1-4", 99.0, None);
+        assert_eq!(Entry::parse("a1-4", never_saved.to_json().as_bytes()), Some(never_saved));
+        for bad in [
+            "",
+            "[]",
+            r#"{"name":"x","changed_at":"soon"}"#,
+            r#"{"name":"x","changed_at":-1}"#,
+            r#"{"name":"x","changed_at":1e999}"#,
+            r#"{"name":"x","path":7,"changed_at":1}"#,
+            r#"{"name":"x","path":"","changed_at":1}"#,
+            r#"{"changed_at":1}"#,
+        ] {
+            assert_eq!(Entry::parse("a1-3", bad.as_bytes()), None, "{bad}");
+        }
+        assert_eq!(Entry::parse("../x", e.to_json().as_bytes()), None);
+        assert_eq!(Entry::parse("a1-3", &vec![b' '; MAX_META_BYTES + 1]), None);
+        let long = json!({"name": "n".repeat(10_000), "changed_at": 1}).to_string();
+        assert_eq!(Entry::parse("a1-3", long.as_bytes()).map(|e| e.name.len()), Some(MAX_NAME));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_copy_newer_than_the_last_save_is_offered_an_older_one_dropped_an_open_pages_left() {
+        let e = entry("p1-1", 2000.0, Some("/opfs/Bracket.sc"));
+        // Changed after the file was last written: offered.
+        assert_eq!(fate(&e, &[], Some(1000.0)), Fate::Offer);
+        // Saved since (in this tab or another): nothing to offer.
+        assert_eq!(fate(&e, &[], Some(2000.0)), Fate::Drop);
+        assert_eq!(fate(&e, &[], Some(3000.0)), Fate::Drop);
+        // Never saved, or the save time can't be read: kept rather than lost.
+        for saved in [None, Some(0.0), Some(f64::NAN), Some(f64::INFINITY), Some(-4.0)] {
+            assert_eq!(fate(&e, &[], saved), Fate::Offer, "{saved:?}");
+        }
+        // Its page is still open in another tab: neither offered nor removed.
+        assert_eq!(fate(&e, &["p1".into()], Some(1000.0)), Fate::Leave);
+        assert_eq!(fate(&e, &["p1".into()], Some(3000.0)), Fate::Leave);
+        assert_eq!(fate(&e, &["p2".into()], Some(1000.0)), Fate::Offer);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn the_newest_copies_are_offered_first_and_at_most_a_windowful() {
+        let mut list: Vec<Entry> = (0..40).map(|i| entry(&format!("p-{i}"), f64::from(i), None)).collect();
+        order_offered(&mut list);
+        assert_eq!(list.len(), MAX_OFFERED);
+        assert_eq!(list.first().map(|e| e.id.as_str()), Some("p-39"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_copy_is_written_once_the_design_is_still_or_after_the_longest_wait() {
+        // Still changing, not waited long: not yet.
+        assert!(!due(1000.0, 900.0, 900.0));
+        // Still for QUIET_MS: due.
+        assert!(due(900.0 + QUIET_MS, 900.0, 900.0));
+        // Changing all the time: due after MAX_WAIT_MS anyway.
+        assert!(!due(5000.0, 2000.0, 4900.0));
+        assert!(due(2000.0 + MAX_WAIT_MS, 2000.0, 2000.0 + MAX_WAIT_MS - 1.0));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn the_browser_asks_before_unload_unless_told_not_to_and_every_copy_is_current() {
+        // Keeping off: exactly as before, unsaved work asks, whatever the second option says.
+        assert!(asks_before_unload(true, false, true, true, true));
+        assert!(asks_before_unload(true, false, true, true, false));
+        assert!(asks_before_unload(true, false, false, true, true));
+        // Keeping on, asking on (the default): both, the box and the copy.
+        assert!(asks_before_unload(true, true, true, true, true));
+        // Keeping on, asking off, every unsaved design kept: no browser box.
+        assert!(!asks_before_unload(true, true, false, true, true));
+        // Keeping on, asking off, a copy still being written (or failed): the browser still asks.
+        assert!(asks_before_unload(true, true, false, true, false));
+        // Nothing unsaved, or an embedded page that keeps nothing: never.
+        assert!(!asks_before_unload(true, true, true, false, false));
+        assert!(!asks_before_unload(true, false, true, false, false));
+        assert!(!asks_before_unload(false, false, true, true, false));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn restore_open_saved_and_discard_each_do_one_thing_and_always_remove_the_copy() {
+        let saved = entry("p-1", 5.0, Some("/opfs/Bracket.sc"));
+        assert_eq!(plan(Answer::Restore, &saved, true), Some(Plan { open_copy: true, open_saved: None, drop_copy: true }));
+        assert_eq!(
+            plan(Answer::OpenSaved, &saved, true),
+            Some(Plan { open_copy: false, open_saved: Some("/opfs/Bracket.sc".into()), drop_copy: true })
+        );
+        assert_eq!(plan(Answer::Discard, &saved, true), Some(Plan { open_copy: false, open_saved: None, drop_copy: true }));
+        assert_eq!(answers(&saved, true), [Answer::Restore, Answer::OpenSaved, Answer::Discard]);
+        // A design never saved, or whose file is gone, has no saved version to open.
+        let never = entry("p-2", 5.0, None);
+        assert_eq!(plan(Answer::OpenSaved, &never, true), None);
+        assert_eq!(plan(Answer::OpenSaved, &saved, false), None);
+        assert_eq!(answers(&never, false), [Answer::Restore, Answer::Discard]);
+    }
+}
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ impl Download {
        }
        if solidcraft_ui_egui::documents::any_dirty(app) {
            let mut answer = None;
-            let closed = ui_kit::Window::new(egui::Id::new("open_link"), "status_warning", solidcraft_ui_egui::i18n::tr("web.open_link"))
+            let closed = ui_kit::Window::new(egui::Id::unique("open_link"), "status_warning", solidcraft_ui_egui::i18n::tr("web.open_link"))
                .required()
                .show_body(ctx, |ui| {
                    ui.label(solidcraft_ui_egui::i18n::tr("web.open_link_confirm"));
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ mod easyprint;
 mod files;
 #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
 mod install;
+#[cfg(any(target_arch = "wasm32", test))]
+mod keep;
 #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
 mod linked;
 #[cfg(any(target_arch = "wasm32", test))]
@@ -184,6 +186,7 @@ mod web {
    use crate::api::Api;
    use crate::disk::{self, SaveTarget};
    use crate::files::{self, Files, Intent};
+    use crate::keep;
    use crate::space_mouse::SpaceMouse;

    const CANVAS_ID: &str = "solidcraft_canvas";
@@ -243,7 +246,9 @@ mod web {
    }

    /// The browser's "leave site? changes you made may not be saved" prompt while a design has
-    /// unsaved changes (the page can't show its own dialog when it is being closed).
+    /// unsaved changes (the page can't show its own dialog when it is being closed). With "keep
+    /// unsaved work in this browser" on and "still ask" off, there is nothing to ask once every
+    /// unsaved design's copy is current (`keep::asks_before_unload`, #10220).
    fn ask_before_unload(window: &web_sys::Window) {
        let on_unload = wasm_bindgen::closure::Closure::<dyn FnMut(web_sys::BeforeUnloadEvent)>::new(|e: web_sys::BeforeUnloadEvent| {
            if UNSAVED.with(std::cell::Cell::get) {
@@ -256,6 +261,50 @@ mod web {
        on_unload.forget();
    }

+    /// With "keep unsaved work in this browser" on, the page brings every unsaved design's copy up
+    /// to date when it is hidden or goes (`pagehide`, `visibilitychange`): the browser may not
+    /// wait for that write, so the copies are written shortly after each change as well
+    /// (`Shell::keep_tick`, #10220).
+    fn keep_when_hidden(window: &web_sys::Window, runner: &eframe::WebRunner) {
+        let keep_now = {
+            let runner = runner.clone();
+            move || {
+                if let Some(mut shell) = runner.app_mut::<Shell>() {
+                    shell.keep_tick(None, true);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        let on_hide = {
+            let keep_now = keep_now.clone();
+            wasm_bindgen::closure::Closure::<dyn FnMut(web_sys::Event)>::new(move |_: web_sys::Event| keep_now())
+        };
+        let on_visibility = wasm_bindgen::closure::Closure::<dyn FnMut(web_sys::Event)>::new(move |_: web_sys::Event| {
+            let hidden = web_sys::window()
+                .and_then(|w| w.document())
+                .and_then(|d| js_sys::Reflect::get(&d, &"visibilityState".into()).ok())
+                .and_then(|v| v.as_string())
+                .is_some_and(|v| v == "hidden");
+            if hidden {
+                keep_now();
+            }
+        });
+        let _ = window.add_event_listener_with_callback("pagehide", on_hide.as_ref().unchecked_ref());
+        if let Some(document) = window.document() {
+            let _ = document.add_event_listener_with_callback("visibilitychange", on_visibility.as_ref().unchecked_ref());
+        }
+        // The listeners live as long as the page.
+        on_hide.forget();
+        on_visibility.forget();
+    }
+
+    /// One open design followed for its kept copy: its revision, when that last changed, and since
+    /// when its copy has lacked a change (`None`: current, or being written).
+    struct Track {
+        revision: u64,
+        last_change: f64,
+        first_unwritten: Option<f64>,
+    }
+
    /// eframe cancels the browser's action for every Tab it gets, so the browser couldn't switch
    /// tabs while the app has the keyboard. Its tab-switching keys stop here, on the way down to
    /// the canvas, before eframe sees them; the browser then acts on them as usual.
@@ -328,6 +377,10 @@ mod web {
        /// The settings this tab wrote or loaded last, and those another tab wrote since (#8644).
        prefs_writer: crate::PrefsWriter,
        other_tab_prefs: PrefsInbox,
+        /// The open designs followed for their kept copy, by `Session::uid` (#10220).
+        keep_track: std::collections::HashMap<u64, Track>,
+        /// Every unsaved design's kept copy is current (and the preference is on).
+        all_kept: bool,
    }

    impl Shell {
@@ -442,8 +495,14 @@ mod web {
                self.sync_recents();
            }
            let now = ctx.input(|i| i.time);
+            // With "keep unsaved work in this browser" on, each design's own copy takes over from
+            // the single autosave (#10220).
+            if self.app.preferences.keep_unsaved_in_browser && self.autosaved.is_some() {
+                files::autosave(&self.files, None);
+                self.autosaved = None;
+            }
            // Unsaved work is kept (at most every AUTOSAVE_S); saved work needs no autosave.
-            if self.files.ready.get() && self.files.recovery.borrow().is_none() {
+            if self.files.ready.get() && self.files.recovery.borrow().is_none() && !self.app.preferences.keep_unsaved_in_browser {
                let s = &self.app.session;
                let changed = s.is_dirty() && self.autosaved != Some(s.revision);
                let wait = AUTOSAVE_S - (now - self.autosaved_at);
@@ -462,6 +521,175 @@ mod web {
            if !self.files.ready.get() || !self.files.incoming.borrow().is_empty() {
                ctx.request_repaint_after(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100));
            }
+            self.all_kept = self.keep_tick(Some(ctx), false);
+        }
+
+        /// Keep each open design's unsaved changes in the browser, when the preference asks for
+        /// it: a design's copy is written once it has been still a moment (`keep::due`), or at
+        /// once with `now` (the page is being hidden); a copy whose design is saved or closed, or
+        /// with the preference off, goes. Answers whether every unsaved design's copy is current.
+        fn keep_tick(&mut self, ctx: Option<&egui::Context>, now: bool) -> bool {
+            if !self.launch.persists() || !self.files.ready.get() {
+                return false;
+            }
+            let Shell { app, files, keep_track, .. } = self;
+            let on = app.preferences.keep_unsaved_in_browser;
+            let time = js_sys::Date::now();
+            let page = files.keep_page.borrow().clone();
+            let mut wanted = std::collections::HashSet::new();
+            let mut all_kept = true;
+            let mut wake: Option<f64> = None;
+            let mut error = None;
+            let mut soon = |ms: f64| wake = Some(wake.map_or(ms, |w: f64| w.min(ms)));
+            if on {
+                for s in solidcraft_ui_egui::documents::open_sessions(app).into_iter().filter(|s| s.is_dirty()) {
+                    let id = keep::entry_id(&page, s.uid);
+                    wanted.insert(s.uid);
+                    let t = keep_track.entry(s.uid).or_insert(Track { revision: s.revision, last_change: time, first_unwritten: None });
+                    if t.revision != s.revision {
+                        t.revision = s.revision;
+                        t.last_change = time;
+                    }
+                    if files.kept.borrow().get(&id).copied().flatten() == Some(s.revision) {
+                        t.first_unwritten = None;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    all_kept = false;
+                    if files.keeping.borrow().contains(&id) {
+                        soon(100.0);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    let first = *t.first_unwritten.get_or_insert(time);
+                    let failed = files.kept_failed.borrow().get(&id).copied();
+                    if !keep::may_write(time, failed) {
+                        // The last write failed: try again after a while.
+                        soon(keep::RETRY_MS);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if now || keep::due(time, first, t.last_change) {
+                        match solidcraft_engine::io::write_design_container(&s.design()) {
+                            Ok(bytes) => {
+                                let entry = keep::Entry { id, name: s.doc.name.clone(), path: s.path.clone(), changed_at: t.last_change };
+                                files::write_kept(files, &entry, bytes, s.revision);
+                                t.first_unwritten = None;
+                            }
+                            Err(e) => {
+                                files.kept_failed.borrow_mut().insert(id, time);
+                                error = Some(format!("keeping unsaved work in this browser: {e}"));
+                            }
+                        }
+                        soon(100.0);
+                    } else {
+                        soon((keep::QUIET_MS - (time - t.last_change)).min(keep::MAX_WAIT_MS - (time - first)).max(16.0));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // This page's copies no design needs any more: saved, closed, or the preference off.
+            let stale: Vec<String> = files
+                .kept
+                .borrow()
+                .keys()
+                .filter(|id| keep::page_of(id) == Some(page.as_str()))
+                .filter(|id| !wanted.iter().any(|uid| keep::entry_id(&page, *uid) == **id))
+                .cloned()
+                .collect();
+            for id in stale {
+                files::remove_kept(files, &id);
+                soon(100.0);
+            }
+            keep_track.retain(|uid, _| wanted.contains(uid));
+            if let Some(e) = error {
+                app.set_status(e, true);
+            }
+            if let (Some(ctx), Some(ms)) = (ctx, wake) {
+                ctx.request_repaint_after(std::time::Duration::from_secs_f64(ms / 1000.0));
+            }
+            on && all_kept
+        }
+
+        /// Offer the copies an earlier visit kept (#10220): "Restore unsaved design: <name>,
+        /// changed <time>?", one window for all of them, each with Restore, Open saved version
+        /// (when it has a file) and Discard.
+        fn keep_prompt(&mut self, ctx: &egui::Context) {
+            let offered = self.files.keep_offered.borrow().clone();
+            if offered.is_empty() || !self.files.ready.get() {
+                return;
+            }
+            let now = (js_sys::Date::now() / 1000.0) as u64;
+            let rows: Vec<_> = offered
+                .iter()
+                .map(|e| solidcraft_ui_egui::recovery_ui::BrowserCopy {
+                    name: &e.name,
+                    when: solidcraft_ui_egui::recovery_ui::ago_between(now, (e.changed_at / 1000.0) as u64),
+                    open_saved: keep::answers(e, self.saved_exists(e)).contains(&keep::Answer::OpenSaved),
+                })
+                .collect();
+            let act = solidcraft_ui_egui::recovery_ui::browser_copies_window(ctx, &self.app.preferences.language, &rows);
+            let Some((index, answer)) = act else { return };
+            let Some(entry) = offered.get(index) else { return };
+            let answer = match answer {
+                solidcraft_ui_egui::recovery_ui::CopyAnswer::Restore => keep::Answer::Restore,
+                solidcraft_ui_egui::recovery_ui::CopyAnswer::OpenSaved => keep::Answer::OpenSaved,
+                solidcraft_ui_egui::recovery_ui::CopyAnswer::Discard => keep::Answer::Discard,
+            };
+            self.keep_answer(entry, answer);
+        }
+
+        /// Whether a kept copy's design file can still be opened: in the browser's storage, or a
+        /// file on the computer this browser remembers.
+        fn saved_exists(&self, e: &keep::Entry) -> bool {
+            e.path.as_deref().is_some_and(|p| vfs::exists(p) || disk::parse(p).is_some_and(|(id, _)| self.files.disk_known.borrow().contains(id)))
+        }
+
+        /// Act on an answer in the "Restore unsaved design?" window (`keep::plan`).
+        fn keep_answer(&mut self, entry: &keep::Entry, answer: keep::Answer) {
+            let Some(plan) = keep::plan(answer, entry, self.saved_exists(entry)) else { return };
+            if plan.open_copy {
+                let copy = match files::prepare_kept(&entry.id, entry.path.as_deref()) {
+                    Ok(copy) => copy,
+                    Err(error) => {
+                        self.app.set_status(error, true);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                };
+                self.app.open_path(&copy);
+                if self.app.session.path.as_deref() != Some(copy.as_str()) {
+                    // Not opened (the status says why): it stays offered.
+                    return;
+                }
+                // It is its own design again (saving goes to its file), with its changes unsaved.
+                self.app.session.path = entry.path.clone();
+                self.app.session.doc_mut().name = entry.name.clone();
+                self.app.session.mark_unsaved();
+                self.app.home.open = false;
+            }
+            if let Some(path) = &plan.open_saved {
+                if vfs::exists(path) {
+                    self.app.open_path(path);
+                    if !keep::is_open(self.app.session.path.as_deref(), path) {
+                        // Not opened (the status says why): the copy stays offered.
+                        return;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // A file on the computer: the browser asks for access again, in this click.
+                    // The copy goes once the file has opened, not before: if access is refused,
+                    // the picker is dismissed or the file is gone, it stays offered.
+                    let (files, id) = (self.files.clone(), entry.id.clone());
+                    disk::restore(
+                        &self.files,
+                        path,
+                        Some(Box::new(move || {
+                            files.keep_offered.borrow_mut().retain(|e| e.id != id);
+                            files::remove_kept(&files, &id);
+                        })),
+                    );
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            if plan.drop_copy {
+                self.files.keep_offered.borrow_mut().retain(|e| e.id != entry.id);
+                files::remove_kept(&self.files, &entry.id);
+            }
        }

        /// The start page's recent designs are the stored ones: the remembered order first (those
@@ -498,7 +726,7 @@ mod web {
                return;
            }
            let mut act: Option<(&'static str, String)> = None;
-            let closed = solidcraft_ui_egui::ui_kit::Window::new(egui::Id::new("sc_browser_files"), "folder", "Files in this browser")
+            let closed = solidcraft_ui_egui::ui_kit::Window::new(egui::Id::unique("sc_browser_files"), "folder", "Files in this browser")
                // Room for long names; the kit still caps the window at the browser's width.
                .cards(4.0)
                .show_body(ctx, |ui| {
@@ -600,7 +828,9 @@ mod web {
                    self.files.panel.set(false);
                }
                "insert" => {
-                    self.app.insert_path(&path);
+                    if !solidcraft_ui_egui::mesh_units::ask(&mut self.app, &path, true) {
+                        self.app.insert_path(&path);
+                    }
                    self.files.panel.set(false);
                }
                "download" => match vfs::read(&path, solidcraft_engine::io::MAX_DESIGN_BYTES) {
@@ -645,10 +875,16 @@ mod web {
                                        *r = new.clone();
                                    }
                                }
+                                if let Some(at) = self.app.home.opened_at.remove(&old) {
+                                    self.app.home.opened_at.insert(new.clone(), at);
+                                }
                                // A forgotten design follows its new name.
                                if self.app.home.forgotten.remove(&old) {
-                                    self.app.home.forgotten.insert(new);
+                                    self.app.home.forgotten.insert(new.clone());
                                }
+                                // An open tab of that file keeps its path and, when the name came
+                                // from the file, the title that matches the file list (#11375).
+                                solidcraft_ui_egui::documents::follow_file_rename(&mut self.app, &old, &new);
                            }
                            Err(e) => self.app.set_status(e, true),
                        }
@@ -662,7 +898,7 @@ mod web {
        fn recovery_prompt(&mut self, ctx: &egui::Context) {
            let Some((name, path)) = self.files.recovery.borrow().clone() else { return };
            let mut answer = None;
-            let _ = solidcraft_ui_egui::ui_kit::Window::new(egui::Id::new("sc_browser_recovery"), "restore", "Recover unsaved work?")
+            let _ = solidcraft_ui_egui::ui_kit::Window::new(egui::Id::unique("sc_browser_recovery"), "restore", "Recover unsaved work?")
                .required()
                .show_body(ctx, |ui| {
                    ui.label(format!("“{name}” had unsaved changes when this page last closed."));
@@ -698,6 +934,13 @@ mod web {
            files::autosave(&self.files, None);
        }

+        /// Whether leaving the page asks through the browser's own box (`keep::asks_before_unload`).
+        fn asks_before_unload(&self) -> bool {
+            let any = solidcraft_ui_egui::documents::any_dirty(&self.app);
+            let prefs = &self.app.preferences;
+            keep::asks_before_unload(self.launch.persists(), prefs.keep_unsaved_in_browser, prefs.keep_unsaved_also_asks, any, self.all_kept)
+        }
+
        /// Whether the shell already has the on-demand face the live language needs.
        fn script_font_ready(&self) -> bool {
            match solidcraft_ui_egui::fonts::web_script_font_kind(solidcraft_ui_egui::i18n::effective_language(&self.app.preferences.language)) {
@@ -809,7 +1052,7 @@ mod web {
            self.api.poll();
            self.space_mouse.logic(&mut self.app, ctx);
            self.files_tick(ctx);
-            UNSAVED.with(|u| u.set(solidcraft_ui_egui::documents::any_dirty(&self.app)));
+            UNSAVED.with(|u| u.set(self.asks_before_unload()));
            DESIGN_SHOWN.with(|d| d.set(solidcraft_ui_egui::toolbar::design_shown(&self.app)));
        }
        fn raw_input_hook(&mut self, ctx: &egui::Context, raw: &mut egui::RawInput) {
@@ -829,7 +1072,7 @@ mod web {
        }
        fn ui(&mut self, ui: &mut egui::Ui, _frame: &mut eframe::Frame) {
            self.linked.tick(&mut self.app, ui.ctx());
-            UNSAVED.with(|u| u.set(self.launch.persists() && solidcraft_ui_egui::documents::any_dirty(&self.app)));
+            UNSAVED.with(|u| u.set(self.asks_before_unload()));
            if self.launch.embed {
                ui_kit::Container::new(ui.ctx(), ui_kit::Surface::Chrome).edge("embed_header", ui_kit::Edge::Top).show(ui, |ui| {
                    if ui_kit::button(ui, solidcraft_ui_egui::i18n::tr("web.open_full"), ui_kit::Button::Normal).clicked()
@@ -844,10 +1087,15 @@ mod web {
            if self.launch.persists() {
                self.file_panel(&ctx);
                self.recovery_prompt(&ctx);
+                self.keep_prompt(&ctx);
            }
            self.watch_text_for_font(&ctx);
            self.store_prefs(&ctx);
        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+        fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut dyn std::any::Any> {
+            Some(&mut *self)
+        }
        fn persist_egui_memory(&self) -> bool {
            // eframe keeps this under one fixed key: only stable uses it, so a pre-release never rewrites it.
            self.launch.persists() && crate::channel::current().is_empty()
@@ -922,7 +1170,8 @@ mod web {
            {
                create.instance_descriptor.backends = eframe::wgpu::Backends::GL;
            }
-            let result = eframe::WebRunner::new()
+            let runner = eframe::WebRunner::new();
+            let result = runner
                .start(
                    canvas,
                    options,
@@ -966,7 +1215,7 @@ mod web {
                            can_restore: Some(Box::new(move |path: &str| {
                                disk::parse(path).is_some_and(|(id, _)| restorable.disk_known.borrow().contains(id))
                            })),
-                            restore_file: Some(Box::new(move |path: &str| disk::restore(&restorer, path))),
+                            restore_file: Some(Box::new(move |path: &str| disk::restore(&restorer, path, None))),
                            download_design: Some(Box::new(files::download)),
                            easyprint_upload: Some(std::sync::Arc::new(crate::easyprint::upload)),
                            browser_files: Some(Box::new(move || shown.panel.set(true))),
@@ -1033,10 +1282,18 @@ mod web {
                            wheel_gestures: solidcraft_ui_egui::WebWheelGestures::default(),
                            prefs_writer: crate::PrefsWriter::default(),
                            other_tab_prefs,
+                            keep_track: Default::default(),
+                            all_kept: false,
                        }))
                    }),
                )
                .await;
+            if result.is_ok()
+                && crate::Launch::parse(&query()).persists()
+                && let Some(window) = web_sys::window()
+            {
+                keep_when_hidden(&window, &runner);
+            }
            if let Some(el) = document.get_element_by_id(LOADING_ID) {
                match result {
                    Ok(()) => dismiss_loading(el),
@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ pub fn start(listen_on: control_auth::Listen, ctx: egui::Context) -> Receiver<Co
                Ok(l) => {
                    if let Some(port) = listen_on_listener(l, token.clone(), tx, ctx, false) {
                        if matches!(listen_on, control_auth::Listen::Default) {
-                            eprintln!("solidcraft: control channel on the default port 127.0.0.1:{port} (Preferences > Assistant turns it off)");
+                            solidcraft_engine::note!(
+                                "solidcraft: control channel on the default port 127.0.0.1:{port} (Preferences > Assistant turns it off)"
+                            );
                        }
                        // The discovery file: where `solidcraft-cli mcp` finds this app with no arguments.
                        match control_auth::write_current_port(port) {
@@ -77,14 +79,14 @@ pub fn start(listen_on: control_auth::Listen, ctx: egui::Context) -> Receiver<Co
                                    *p = Some((port, token));
                                }
                            }
-                            Err(e) => eprintln!("solidcraft: could not write the control discovery file ({e})"),
+                            Err(e) => solidcraft_engine::note!("solidcraft: could not write the control discovery file ({e})"),
                        }
                    }
                }
-                Err(e) => eprintln!("solidcraft: control server failed to bind 127.0.0.1: {e}"),
+                Err(e) => solidcraft_engine::note!("solidcraft: control server failed to bind 127.0.0.1: {e}"),
            }
        }
-        None => eprintln!("solidcraft: control server not started: no random token available"),
+        None => solidcraft_engine::note!("solidcraft: control server not started: no random token available"),
    }
    rx
 }
@@ -95,13 +97,13 @@ pub fn start(listen_on: control_auth::Listen, ctx: egui::Context) -> Receiver<Co
 /// requests go to `tx`, where the chat's gate reads them; one may wait long for the user's Allow.
 pub fn listen_agent(tx: Sender<ControlRequest>, ctx: egui::Context) -> Option<u16> {
    let Some(token) = new_token() else {
-        eprintln!("solidcraft: agent chat endpoint not started: no random token available");
+        solidcraft_engine::note!("solidcraft: agent chat endpoint not started: no random token available");
        return None;
    };
    let listener = match TcpListener::bind(("127.0.0.1", 0)) {
        Ok(l) => l,
        Err(e) => {
-            eprintln!("solidcraft: control server failed to bind 127.0.0.1: {e}");
+            solidcraft_engine::note!("solidcraft: control server failed to bind 127.0.0.1: {e}");
            return None;
        }
    };
@@ -115,19 +117,21 @@ fn listen_on_listener(listener: TcpListener, token: String, tx: Sender<ControlRe
    match control_auth::token_path(port) {
        Some(path) => match control_auth::write_token_file(&path, &token) {
            Ok(()) => {
-                eprintln!("solidcraft: control server listening on 127.0.0.1:{port} (token in {})", path.display());
+                solidcraft_engine::note!("solidcraft: control server listening on 127.0.0.1:{port} (token in {})", path.display());
                if let Ok(mut files) = TOKEN_FILES.lock() {
                    files.push((path, token.clone()));
                }
            }
-            Err(e) => eprintln!(
+            Err(e) => solidcraft_engine::note!(
                "solidcraft: control server listening on 127.0.0.1:{port}, but its token file {} could not be written ({e}); \
                 clients need SOLIDCRAFT_CONTROL_TOKEN",
                path.display()
            ),
        },
        None => {
-            eprintln!("solidcraft: control server listening on 127.0.0.1:{port}; no data folder for its token, clients need SOLIDCRAFT_CONTROL_TOKEN")
+            solidcraft_engine::note!(
+                "solidcraft: control server listening on 127.0.0.1:{port}; no data folder for its token, clients need SOLIDCRAFT_CONTROL_TOKEN"
+            )
        }
    }
    let token = std::sync::Arc::new(token);
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ pub fn restart(software: bool, lost_at: u64, reason: &str) {
 pub fn end() -> ! {
    let watchdog = std::thread::Builder::new().name("solidcraft-exit".into()).spawn(|| {
        std::thread::sleep(END_GRACE);
-        eprintln!("SolidCraft graphics: still closing after the device was lost; aborting");
+        solidcraft_engine::note!("SolidCraft graphics: still closing after the device was lost; aborting");
        std::process::abort();
    });
    if let Err(e) = watchdog {
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ fn mark(step: &str) {
    static START: std::sync::OnceLock<(std::time::Instant, bool)> = std::sync::OnceLock::new();
    let (start, on) = START.get_or_init(|| (std::time::Instant::now(), solidcraft_engine::geom::env::var_os("PROFILE_STARTUP").is_some()));
    if *on {
-        eprintln!("startup {:>6.0} ms  {step}", start.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0);
+        solidcraft_engine::note!("startup {:>6.0} ms  {step}", start.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0);
    }
 }

@@ -303,6 +303,8 @@ impl eframe::App for App {
            log::warn!("a picture was still being drawn as the app closed");
        }
        solidcraft_ui_egui::recovery_ui::close(&mut self.solve);
+        // A GPU path tracer setup still running did not stop the app (#9236).
+        solidcraft_ui_egui::render_workspace::close(&mut self.solve);
        solidcraft_ui_egui::open_elsewhere::close(&mut self.solve);
        // Before a restart (`Drop for App`) starts the next instance, which would otherwise get
        // nothing from the 3D mouse driver (`solidcraft_3dx_client::stop`).
@@ -366,7 +368,7 @@ impl App {
        let Some(gpu) = self.gpu.as_mut().filter(|g| g.lost_at.is_none() && g.lost.is_lost()) else { return };
        let reason = gpu.lost.reason().unwrap_or_default();
        log::error!("graphics: the device was lost ({reason}); closing to start again");
-        eprintln!("SolidCraft graphics: the device was lost ({reason}); starting again");
+        solidcraft_engine::note!("SolidCraft graphics: the device was lost ({reason}); starting again");
        solidcraft_engine::crash::phase(&format!("graphics device lost: {reason}"));
        gpu.lost_at = Some(device_lost::now_secs());
        gpu.reason = reason;
@@ -991,7 +993,7 @@ fn main() -> eframe::Result {
    if let Some(value) = max_file_size {
        let applied = startup::max_file_size(value.as_deref()).and_then(|bytes| solidcraft_engine::io::limits::set_override(Some(bytes)));
        if let Err(error) = applied {
-            eprintln!("SolidCraft: {error}");
+            solidcraft_engine::note!("SolidCraft: {error}");
            return Err(eframe::Error::AppCreation(std::io::Error::other(error).into()));
        }
    }
@@ -1023,7 +1025,7 @@ fn main() -> eframe::Result {
    let fallback_note = std::env::var(startup::FALLBACK_NOTE_ENV).ok().map(|s| s.chars().take(4096).collect::<String>());
    if let Some(note) = &fallback_note {
        log::warn!("{note}");
-        eprintln!("SolidCraft: {note}");
+        solidcraft_engine::note!("SolidCraft: {note}");
        notes.push(note.clone());
    }
    let saved_samples = if safe_mode { None } else { msaa() };
@@ -1136,13 +1138,13 @@ fn main() -> eframe::Result {
                // Windows: the taskbar button shows the mark even when slow first frames keep the
                // taskbar waiting for the window's icon.
                if !native_frame::set_class_icon(cc) {
-                    eprintln!("SolidCraft window: no class icon; the taskbar may show a generic one");
+                    solidcraft_engine::note!("SolidCraft window: no class icon; the taskbar may show a generic one");
                }
                // The OS hit test offers the resize border, at the window's DPI, from the first
                // message (#1381).
                app.native_resize_border = custom_titlebar && native_frame::install(cc);
                if custom_titlebar && !app.native_resize_border {
-                    eprintln!("SolidCraft window: no native resize border; egui edge zones instead");
+                    solidcraft_engine::note!("SolidCraft window: no native resize border; egui edge zones instead");
                }
            }
            app.integrated_titlebar = cfg!(target_os = "macos");
@@ -1173,9 +1175,10 @@ fn main() -> eframe::Result {
                    .collect();
                let info = rs.adapter.get_info();
                if !app.preferences.graphics_adapter.is_empty() && !info.name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(app.preferences.graphics_adapter.as_str()) {
-                    eprintln!(
+                    solidcraft_engine::note!(
                        "SolidCraft graphics: preferred adapter {:?} was not used; using {:?} instead",
-                        app.preferences.graphics_adapter, info.name
+                        app.preferences.graphics_adapter,
+                        info.name
                    );
                }
                let samples = scene_msaa_request(saved_samples);
@@ -1183,7 +1186,7 @@ fn main() -> eframe::Result {
                    eframe::egui_wgpu::supported_msaa_samples(&rs.adapter, &rs.device, rs.target_format, depth)
                });
                let scene_samples = scene_samples(info.backend, u32::from(samples), &supported);
-                eprintln!("SolidCraft graphics: {:?}, MSAA {scene_samples}x (requested {}x)", rs.adapter.get_info().backend, samples);
+                solidcraft_engine::note!("SolidCraft graphics: {:?}, MSAA {scene_samples}x (requested {}x)", rs.adapter.get_info().backend, samples);
                solidcraft_engine::crash::phase("viewport pipelines (shader compile)");
                let scene_samples = app.set_wgpu_split(rs, depth_bits, STENCIL_BITS, scene_samples);
                app.msaa_supported = supported;
@@ -1344,7 +1347,7 @@ fn wgpu_options(cpu: bool, preference: Option<&str>) -> eframe::egui_wgpu::WgpuC
        let retry = std::env::var(startup::RETRY_BACKEND_ENV).ok();
        let preference = if cpu { preference } else { retry.as_deref().or(preference) };
        if let Some(backends) = startup::choose_backends(cfg!(target_os = "windows"), env_set, cpu, preference, startup::has_hardware_adapter) {
-            eprintln!("SolidCraft graphics: starting {backends:?}");
+            solidcraft_engine::note!("SolidCraft graphics: starting {backends:?}");
            setup.instance_descriptor.backends = backends;
        }
        let intel_mac = cfg!(all(target_os = "macos", target_arch = "x86_64"));
@@ -1370,7 +1373,7 @@ fn wgpu_options(cpu: bool, preference: Option<&str>) -> eframe::egui_wgpu::WgpuC
 /// event loop or a failed device; each retry advances through the APIs, then software once.
 fn no_window(error: eframe::Error, tried_cpu: bool, failed: eframe::wgpu::Backends, settings: Option<&std::path::Path>) -> eframe::Result {
    log::error!("the window could not open: {error}");
-    eprintln!("SolidCraft: the window could not open: {error}");
+    solidcraft_engine::note!("SolidCraft: the window could not open: {error}");
    // This failure was handled, so neither the marker nor the journal should call it a crash.
    if let Some(dir) = settings {
        startup::started(dir);
@@ -1383,7 +1386,7 @@ fn no_window(error: eframe::Error, tried_cpu: bool, failed: eframe::wgpu::Backen
        let previous = std::env::var(startup::FALLBACK_NOTE_ENV).unwrap_or_default();
        let note = startup::fallback_note(&previous, failed, next, &error.to_string());
        log::warn!("{note}");
-        eprintln!("SolidCraft: {note}");
+        solidcraft_engine::note!("SolidCraft: {note}");
        let mut command = std::process::Command::new(exe);
        command.args(std::env::args_os().skip(1)).env(startup::FALLBACK_NOTE_ENV, note);
        if next == "cpu" {
@@ -1789,7 +1792,7 @@ mod viewport_tests {
                viewport.fullscreen = Some(fullscreen);
                viewport.native_pixels_per_point = Some(retina);
                super::fullscreen_content_insets(&mut raw, 32.0, zoom);
-                let _ = ctx.run_ui(raw, |ui| super::content_ui(app, ui));
+                ctx.run_ui(raw, |ui| super::content_ui(app, ui)).textures_delta.clear();
            };
            // Enter, leave, and enter again: no stale inset when returning to a normal window.
            for fullscreen in [false, true, false, true] {
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ mod tests {
        let mut app = SolveApp::new(solidcraft_engine::Session::default(), solidcraft_ui_egui::Services::default());
        app.home.open = false;
        let ctx = Context::default();
-        let _ = ctx.run_ui(egui::RawInput { focused: true, ..Default::default() }, |_| {});
+        ctx.run_ui(egui::RawInput { focused: true, ..Default::default() }, |_| {}).textures_delta.clear();
        let mut bridge = NavBridge { shared: Arc::new(Mutex::new(Shared::default())) };
        let queue = |bridge: &NavBridge| {
            let mut shared = bridge.shared.lock().unwrap();
@@ -1914,6 +1914,7 @@ mod tests {

    fn wheel() -> egui::Event {
        egui::Event::MouseWheel {
+            source: egui::MouseWheelSource::Unknown,
            unit: egui::MouseWheelUnit::Line,
            delta: egui::vec2(0.0, -1.0),
            modifiers: Default::default(),
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ fn connect_to(path: &Path) -> Option<UnixStream> {

 /// The axes of one record, or `None` for a record that is not motion.
 ///
-/// The daemon's frame is right-handed with x to the right, y away from the user and z up; ours is
-/// the device's raw one, x right, y towards the user and z down, so y and z (and the rotations
-/// about them) change sign. With nothing set in `spnavcfg` the two give the same motion; what
-/// the user swaps or inverts there then carries over.
+/// The daemon reports x to the right, y up and z away from the user; our raw HID frame is x
+/// right, y towards the user and z down. Swap and negate y/z and ry/rz to match that frame.
+/// With nothing set in `spnavcfg` the two readers give the same motion; what the user swaps
+/// or inverts there then carries over.
 fn decode(record: &[u8; RECORD_BYTES]) -> Option<Axes> {
    let mut data = [0_i32; 8];
    for (slot, bytes) in data.iter_mut().zip(record.as_chunks::<4>().0) {
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ fn decode(record: &[u8; RECORD_BYTES]) -> Option<Axes> {
    }
    let [kind, x, y, z, rx, ry, rz, _period] = data;
    (kind == 0).then(|| Axes {
-        translation: [unit(x), unit(-i64::from(y)), unit(-i64::from(z))],
-        rotation: [unit(rx), unit(-i64::from(ry)), unit(-i64::from(rz))],
+        translation: [unit(x), unit(-i64::from(z)), unit(-i64::from(y))],
+        rotation: [unit(rx), unit(-i64::from(rz)), unit(-i64::from(ry))],
    })
 }

@@ -149,22 +149,28 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn motion_records_become_axes_in_the_devices_raw_frame() {
-        // Full deflection of the daemon's x, y and z is the device's full scale, and y and z flip.
-        assert_eq!(decode(&record([0, 500, 500, 500, 0, 0, 0, 8])), Some(Axes { translation: [350, -350, -350], rotation: [0; 3] }));
-        // Rotations follow translations: right-handed in both frames, so ry and rz flip as y and z do.
-        assert_eq!(decode(&record([0, 0, 0, 0, 250, 250, 250, 8])), Some(Axes { translation: [0; 3], rotation: [175, -175, -175] }));
+        // Each daemon axis reaches only its matching raw HID axis, in both directions.
+        for (daemon_axis, raw_axis, sign) in [(0, 0, 1), (1, 2, -1), (2, 1, -1), (3, 3, 1), (4, 5, -1), (5, 4, -1)] {
+            for value in [-500, 500] {
+                let mut data = [0; 8];
+                data[daemon_axis + 1] = value;
+                let mut expected = [0; 6];
+                expected[raw_axis] = sign * (value * 350 / 500) as i16;
+                assert_eq!(decode(&record(data)), Some(Axes::from(expected)), "daemon axis {daemon_axis}, value {value}");
+            }
+        }
        // Rest is a motion record of zeros.
        assert_eq!(decode(&record([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1200])), Some(Axes::default()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn what_spnavcfg_swaps_reaches_the_view() {
-        // The daemon sends a push away as y. With Y and Z swapped in spnavcfg it sends the same push
-        // as z, and the view gets a lift (raw z) instead of the zoom (raw y).
-        let before = decode(&record([0, 0, 500, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8])).map(|axes| axes.translation);
-        let after = decode(&record([0, 0, 0, 500, 0, 0, 0, 8])).map(|axes| axes.translation);
-        assert_eq!(before, Some([0, -350, 0]));
-        assert_eq!(after, Some([0, 0, -350]));
+        // A push away is daemon z (raw y); swapping Y/Z makes it a lift (raw z).
+        // The same swap changes a sideways tilt (daemon rz, raw ry) into a twist (raw rz).
+        let before = decode(&record([0, 0, 0, 500, 0, 0, 250, 8]));
+        let after = decode(&record([0, 0, 500, 0, 0, 250, 0, 8]));
+        assert_eq!(before, Some(Axes { translation: [0, -350, 0], rotation: [0, -175, 0] }));
+        assert_eq!(after, Some(Axes { translation: [0, 0, -350], rotation: [0, 0, -175] }));
    }

    #[test]
@@ -179,7 +185,7 @@ mod tests {
        // Nothing overflows on the extremes of `i32`.
        let extreme = decode(&record([0, i32::MIN, i32::MIN, i32::MAX, i32::MAX, i32::MIN, i32::MIN, -1]));
        assert_eq!(extreme.map(|axes| axes.translation[0]), Some(i16::MIN));
-        assert_eq!(extreme.map(|axes| axes.translation[1]), Some(i16::MAX));
+        assert_eq!(extreme.map(|axes| axes.translation), Some([i16::MIN, i16::MIN, i16::MAX]));
        assert_eq!(extreme.map(|axes| axes.rotation[0]), Some(i16::MAX));
    }

@@ -311,13 +311,18 @@ pub const SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT_ENV: &str = "SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT";
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 pub const OCLP_NVRAM_KEY: &str = "4D1FDA02-38C7-4A6A-9CC6-4BCCA8B30102:OCLP-Version";

+/// Where macOS keeps its `nvram` tool.
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+const NVRAM_TOOL: &str = "/usr/sbin/nvram";
+
 /// `true` if the OCLP NVRAM key is present on this system.
 ///
-/// Runs `nvram <key>` and treats exit 0 as present. Any error (missing binary,
-/// permission denied, key absent) returns `false` — this is a best-effort probe.
+/// Runs `/usr/sbin/nvram <key>` and treats exit 0 as present. The full path keeps a `PATH` that
+/// lacks `/usr/sbin`, or lists a look-alike first, from changing the answer. Any error (missing
+/// binary, permission denied, key absent) returns `false`: this is a best-effort probe.
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 pub fn oclp_nvram_present() -> bool {
-    std::process::Command::new("nvram").arg(OCLP_NVRAM_KEY).output().map(|o| o.status.success()).unwrap_or(false)
+    std::process::Command::new(NVRAM_TOOL).arg(OCLP_NVRAM_KEY).output().map(|o| o.status.success()).unwrap_or(false)
 }

 /// Whether to re-launch with `SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT=1`: it is not set yet and OCLP shows through
@@ -334,8 +339,8 @@ fn compat_wanted(compat_set: bool, nvram: impl FnOnce() -> bool) -> bool {
 ///
 /// `SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT=1` must be present **before** the process starts: setting it
 /// with `std::env::set_var` inside `main` is too late because the macOS frameworks have
-/// already queried the OS version by then. Re-launching is the only safe approach that
-/// works without `unsafe` (a true `execve` replacement would require it).
+/// already queried the OS version by then, so the program starts itself again with the variable
+/// set and waits for that child.
 ///
 /// Returns `Ok(false)` immediately when:
 /// - `SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT` is already set (re-launched process, no loop), or
@@ -352,7 +357,7 @@ pub fn relaunch_with_version_compat() -> Result<bool, String> {
        return Ok(false);
    }
    log::info!("startup: OCLP detected; re-launching with {}=1", SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT_ENV);
-    eprintln!("SolidCraft: OCLP detected; re-launching with {}=1", SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT_ENV);
+    solidcraft_engine::note!("SolidCraft: OCLP detected; re-launching with {}=1", SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT_ENV);
    let exe = std::env::current_exe().map_err(|e| format!("could not find own executable: {e}"))?;
    let status = std::process::Command::new(&exe)
        .args(std::env::args_os().skip(1))
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ assets/
  appearances/library.rs             # built-in visual presets
  materials/library.rs               # physical defaults and colours
  shaders/viewport.wgsl               # original viewport shader
-  fonts/{liberation-sans,biz-udp-gothic}/ # unmodified fonts and OFL licences
+  fonts/biz-udp-gothic/              # unmodified font and OFL licence
  locales/{en,de,ja,ko}.json          # shared offline catalogs
  platforms/{macos,linux,windows}/    # bundle, freedesktop and WiX templates
  platforms/macos/dmg/                # disk image window: layout, dmgbuild settings, background art
@@ -87,7 +87,9 @@ The CLI still supports arbitrary PNG/ICO exports with `solidcraft-cli icon`.

 Resources remain compiled by their owning layer through existing APIs:
 `ui-egui::icons::paint_icon` and `Tokens` at L5, model presets in L2 `doc`, and sketch
-fonts at L1. State, projection, interaction, commands and GPU bindings stay in
+fonts at L1. The sketch crate owns its built-in Liberation Sans font and OFL
+licence under `crates/sketch/assets/fonts/liberation-sans/`, so Cargo source
+packages and vendored builds include both files. State, projection, interaction, commands and GPU bindings stay in
 their current modules. Embedded data uses `CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR`; application code
 needs no runtime resource registry or repository lookup.

@@ -79,17 +79,6 @@ pub(crate) fn snap_hint(painter: &egui::Painter, c: Pos2, kind: SnapKind, col: C
    painter.circle_filled(c, 1.3, col);
 }

-/// A placed hole's drag handle: a ring round the hole's centre with a cross through it, filled
-/// while it is hovered or dragged.
-pub(crate) fn hole_handle(painter: &egui::Painter, c: Pos2, col: Color32, hot: bool) {
-    let ic = Tokens::get().icons;
-    let r = 6.0;
-    painter.circle_filled(c, r + 3.5, ic.marker_halo);
-    painter.circle(c, r, if hot { col } else { col.gamma_multiply(0.35) }, Stroke::new(1.6, col));
-    let ink = Stroke::new(1.3, if hot { ic.highlight } else { col });
-    painter.line_segment([c - vec2(r + 3.0, 0.0), c + vec2(r + 3.0, 0.0)], ink);
-    painter.line_segment([c - vec2(0.0, r + 3.0), c + vec2(0.0, r + 3.0)], ink);
-}
 pub(crate) fn glyph_icon(name: &str) -> Option<&'static str> {
    Some(match name {
        "Coincident" => "c_coincident",
@@ -55,8 +55,7 @@ pub(crate) fn face_text(painter: &egui::Painter, face: &Facet, ink: Color32, fon
    painter.ctx().add_plugin(LabelAtlas);
    let text = Shape::Text(egui::epaint::TextShape::new(Pos2::ZERO, galley, ink));
    let atlas = painter.ctx().fonts(|f| f.font_image_size());
-    let primitives =
-        painter.ctx().tessellate(vec![egui::epaint::ClippedShape { clip_rect: Rect::EVERYTHING, shape: text }], painter.ctx().pixels_per_point());
+    let primitives = painter.ctx().tessellate(vec![egui::epaint::ClippedShape::new(Rect::EVERYTHING, text)], painter.ctx().pixels_per_point());
    for primitive in primitives {
        if let egui::epaint::Primitive::Mesh(mut mesh) = primitive.primitive {
            mesh.texture_id = LABEL_PIXELS;
@@ -1621,7 +1621,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Učitava putanje SVG crteža u skicu, skalirane, zakrenute i postavljene gdje zadate. Koristite ga da logotip ili vektorski obris pretvorite u krive koje možete ekstrudirati.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Otvara izvještaj o otvorenoj skici: koliko je stepeni slobode preostalo i je li potpuno ograničena. Koristite ga da saznate šta se još pomjera prije nego što završite skicu.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Dodaje krive ili tačke gdje tijela, lica, ivice ili druge skice sijeku ravan skice. Ostaju povezane i prate model kada se promijeni.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Pravi 3D krive tamo gdje se dva tijela ili lica sastaju, povezane s njima. Koristite ih kao putanje ili vodilice koje prate model.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Pravi 3D krive tamo gdje se dva tijela, lica ili krive drugih skica sastaju, povezane s njima. Koristite ih kao putanje ili vodilice koje prate model.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "Pravi 3D krivu u smjeru U ili V lica kroz tačku koju izaberete, povezanu s licem. Koristite je kao putanju ili liniju razdvajanja koja prati površ.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Crta povezane linije tačku po tačku, kao otvoreni lanac ili zatvoren obris. To je osnovni alat za većinu profila.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Crta liniju od njene središnje tačke do jednog kraja, a drugi kraj se preslikava. Koristite je za linije centrirane na tački, npr. simetričnu ivicu.",
@@ -1621,7 +1621,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Læser stierne i en SVG-tegning ind i en skitse, skaleret, drejet og placeret, som du angiver. Brug den til at gøre et logo eller en vektorkontur til kurver, du kan ekstrudere.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Åbner en rapport om den åbne skitse: hvor mange frihedsgrader der er tilbage, og om den er fuldt bundet. Brug den til at finde ud af, hvad der stadig kan bevæge sig, før du afslutter skitsen.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Tilføjer de kurver eller punkter, hvor emner, flader, kanter eller andre skitser krydser skitseplanet. De forbliver linkede og følger modellen, når den ændres.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Opretter 3D-kurver, hvor to emner eller flader mødes, linket til dem. Brug dem som baner eller styrekurver, der følger modellen.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Opretter 3D-kurver, hvor to emner, flader eller kurver fra andre skitser mødes, linket til dem. Brug dem som baner eller styrekurver, der følger modellen.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "Opretter en 3D-kurve langs en flades U- eller V-retning gennem et punkt, du vælger, linket til fladen. Brug den som bane eller delelinje, der følger overfladen.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Tegner forbundne linjer punkt for punkt som en åben kæde eller en lukket kontur. Det er det grundlæggende værktøj til de fleste profiler.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Tegner en linje fra dens midtpunkt ud til den ene ende, og den anden ende spejles. Brug den til linjer centreret om et punkt, f.eks. en symmetrisk kant.",
@@ -3807,6 +3807,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Eksempelplade",
  "sample.vents.about": "Slidser i et rektangulært mønster: Rækker, kolonner og deling er parametre",
  "sample.vents.name": "Ventilationsplade",
+  "scale.per_axis": "Per akse",
+  "scale.uniform": "Ensartet",
  "search.command_keys": "Enter kør     Shift+Enter kør og hold åben     Esc luk",
  "search.commands": "Kommandoer",
  "search.design": "I dette design",
@@ -628,6 +628,8 @@
  "Suppress Selected Folders": "Ausgewählte Ordner unterdrücken",
  "Suppressed": "Unterdrückt",
  "Surface": "Flächenkörper",
+  "Surface or face": "Flächenkörper oder Fläche",
+  "Surface or faces": "Flächenkörper oder Flächen",
  "Surface, or faces to turn over": "Fläche oder umzudrehende Flächen",
  "Surfaces": "Flächen",
  "Swap Ends": "Enden vertauschen",
@@ -641,6 +643,7 @@
  "Target": "Ziel",
  "Target Body": "Zielkörper",
  "Target Face (optional)": "Zielfläche (optional)",
+  "Target edges": "Zielkanten",
  "Tear": "Reißen",
  "Technical details": "Technische Details",
  "The dashed sketch is a saved plane guide. Select a new face to repair the attachment.": "Die gestrichelte Skizze ist eine gespeicherte Ebenenführung. Wählen Sie eine neue Fläche, um die Anbindung zu reparieren.",
@@ -648,6 +651,7 @@
  "The direction must be an axis or a straight sketch curve that lies in the sketch plane": "Die Richtung muss eine Achse oder eine gerade Skizzenkurve in der Skizzenebene sein",
  "The mirror line cannot also be mirrored": "Die Spiegellinie kann nicht gleichzeitig gespiegelt werden",
  "The mirror line must be a straight curve of this sketch, not an origin axis": "Die Spiegellinie muss eine gerade Kurve dieser Skizze sein, keine Ursprungsachse",
+  "The origin axis is perpendicular to the sketch plane, so it has no line in the plane": "Die Ursprungsachse steht senkrecht auf der Skizzenebene und hat daher keine Linie in ihr",
  "The saved author occurrence is missing. Select a valid author placement before rebinding.": "Das gespeicherte Autorvorkommen fehlt. Wählen Sie vor dem erneuten Anbinden eine gültige Autorplatzierung.",
  "Then": "Then",
  "These features will be deleted:": "Diese Merkmale werden gelöscht:",
@@ -689,6 +693,7 @@
  "Unsuppress Selected Folders": "Unterdrückung der ausgewählten Ordner aufheben",
  "Updating the preview": "Vorschau wird aktualisiert",
  "Use active author placement": "Aktive Autorplatzierung verwenden",
+  "Use axis direction only": "Nur Achsenrichtung verwenden",
  "Use fixed plane": "Feste Ebene verwenden",
  "Use saved fixed plane": "Gespeicherte feste Ebene verwenden",
  "Use selected face as fixed plane": "Ausgewählte Fläche als feste Ebene verwenden",
@@ -739,6 +744,9 @@
  "a picked edge's body is gone": "der Körper einer gewählten Kante existiert nicht mehr",
  "add a key for a joint first": "zuerst einen Schlüssel für ein Gelenk hinzufügen",
  "ai.connected_toast": "SolidCraft ist jetzt in {clients} verfügbar. Starten Sie diese neu, um es zu nutzen (Einstellungen > Assistent).",
+  "ai.http.allow": "Unsicheres HTTP erlauben",
+  "ai.http.confirm": "Für diesen Endpunkt erlauben",
+  "ai.http.warning": "Der API-Schlüssel und die Unterhaltung werden unverschlüsselt gesendet. Jeder mit Zugriff auf das Netzwerk kann sie lesen oder verändern. Verwenden Sie dies nur in einem vertrauenswürdigen Netzwerk.",
  "ai.prefs.allow_control": "KI-Agenten verbinden lassen",
  "ai.prefs.allow_control_note": "Ein lokaler Kanal (MCP). Nichts verlässt diesen Computer.\n\nÖffnet einen Steuerkanal nur auf diesem Computer (127.0.0.1, Port 27878 oder der nächste freie). Ein verbindendes Programm muss zusätzlich ein geheimes Token vorweisen, das nur Ihr Benutzerkonto lesen kann und bei jedem Start neu erzeugt wird. Wirkt ab dem nächsten Start von SolidCraft. Aus: Es wartet nichts auf Verbindungen, außer Sie starten SolidCraft mit --control.",
  "ai.prefs.availability": "Verfügbarkeit",
@@ -1028,6 +1036,7 @@
  "cmd.occurrence_move": "Instanz verschieben",
  "cmd.occurrence_properties": "Physikalische Eigenschaften der Instanz",
  "cmd.occurrence_reparent": "In andere Komponente verschieben",
+  "cmd.panel.action": "Panelaktion ausführen",
  "cmd.panel.activate": "Panel-Registerkarte aktivieren",
  "cmd.panel.close": "Panel schließen",
  "cmd.panel.collapse": "Panel-Bereich einklappen",
@@ -1071,9 +1080,14 @@
  "cmd.pointcloud_edit": "Punktwolke bearbeiten",
  "cmd.pointcloud_insert": "Punktwolke einfügen",
  "cmd.pointcloud_list": "Punktwolken",
+  "cmd.render.coat.bind": "Klarlack speichern",
+  "cmd.render.coat.unbind": "Klarlack entfernen",
  "cmd.render.compare.divider": "Render-Vergleichstrenner verschieben",
  "cmd.render.result.discard": "Renderergebnis verwerfen",
  "cmd.render.result.select": "Renderergebnis auswählen",
+  "cmd.render.surface.import": "Oberflächentexturen importieren",
+  "cmd.render.texture.list": "Eingebettete Oberflächenbilder auflisten",
+  "cmd.render.texture.remove": "Eingebettetes Oberflächenbild entfernen",
  "cmd.render_aging_describe": "Mehrschichtige Oberflächenalterung",
  "cmd.render_backends": "Render-Backends",
  "cmd.render_batch": "Alle Aufnahmen rendern",
@@ -1293,6 +1307,7 @@
  "cmd.view.render_browser": "Render-Browser",
  "cmd.view.render_dock": "Render-Panel verschieben",
  "cmd.view.render_focus": "Render-Fokusansicht",
+  "cmd.view.render_live": "Live-Rendering pausieren oder fortsetzen",
  "cmd.view.status_details": "Statusdetails des Ansichtsfensters",
  "cmd.view.status_items": "Ansichtsstatus-Elemente",
  "cmd.view_ambient_occlusion": "Umgebungsverdeckung",
@@ -1322,6 +1337,7 @@
  "cmd.view_shots_strip": "Aufnahmenleiste",
  "cmd.view_spin": "Ansicht kontinuierlich drehen",
  "cmd.view_tool": "Navigationswerkzeug",
+  "cmd.view_tool_zoom": "Durch Ziehen zoomen",
  "cmd.view_top": "Draufsicht",
  "cmd.view_visual_style": "Darstellungsstil",
  "color.blue": "Blau",
@@ -1388,6 +1404,7 @@
  "dialog.computing": "Wird berechnet… {seconds} s",
  "dialog.could_not_be_checked": "nicht prüfbar",
  "dialog.custom_axis": "↖ Eigene Achse",
+  "dialog.cylinder_face_tip": "Die Fläche oder der Eckpunkt des Modells, auf dem der Zylinder steht: hier klicken, dann in der Ansicht darauf klicken. Leer gelassen platzieren ihn X, Y und Z.",
  "dialog.dimension_insert_hint": "Doppelklicken Sie auf eine andere steuernde Bemaßung, um ihren Namen einzufügen",
  "dialog.dimension_name": "Bemaßung: {name}",
  "dialog.dimension_step_down": "Um {step} verringern",
@@ -1396,6 +1413,8 @@
  "dialog.edit_title": "{title} bearbeiten",
  "dialog.no_shown_body": "Kein sichtbarer Körper zum Ändern vorhanden. Blenden Sie einen Körper ein oder wählen Sie „Neuer Körper“.",
  "dialog.pattern_sketch_not_object": "Körper oder Funktionen wählen: Eine Skizze ist keines von beiden. Ihre Kurven mit Muster oder Spiegeln in der Skizze wiederholen oder sie zuerst extrudieren.",
+  "dialog.primitive_point_tip": "Ein Punkt, der X, Y und Z füllt: hier klicken, dann einen Eckpunkt, eine Kante oder Fläche des Modells, einen Punkt einer Skizze oder den Ursprung anklicken.",
+  "dialog.reference_edge_tip": "Eine gerade Kante der gewählten Fläche, von der aus der Abstand darunter gemessen wird: hier klicken, dann die Kante anklicken.",
  "dialog.select": "↖ Auswählen",
  "dialog.selected_count": "↖ {count} ausgewählt",
  "dialog.selection_constraint": "Bedingung {id}",
@@ -1443,8 +1462,11 @@
  "file.open.portal_fallback.xwayland": "Die geöffnete Dateiauswahl ist nicht die des Desktops: Unter XWayland lehnt das Portal das Elternfenster ab.",
  "file_load.built": "Bisher erstellt: {built} von {total} Merkmalen.",
  "file_load.converting": "Volumenkörper {done} von {total} wird konvertiert",
+  "file_load.inserted": "{name} eingefügt",
  "file_load.inserting": "Geometrie wird eingefügt",
  "file_load.link_item": "{name} ({done} von {total})",
+  "file_load.opened": "{name} geöffnet",
+  "file_load.opened_in_tab": "{name} in neuem Tab geöffnet",
  "file_load.opening": "Design wird geöffnet",
  "file_load.preparing_thumbnail": "Vorschaubild wird vorbereitet...",
  "file_load.preparing_view": "Ansicht wird vorbereitet...",
@@ -1680,7 +1702,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Liest die Pfade einer SVG-Zeichnung in eine Skizze ein, skaliert, gedreht und an der gewünschten Stelle. Damit machen Sie aus einem Logo oder einer Vektorkontur Kurven, die sich extrudieren lassen.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Öffnet einen Bericht zur offenen Skizze: wie viele Freiheitsgrade übrig sind und ob sie vollständig bestimmt ist. Damit sehen Sie, was sich noch bewegt, bevor Sie die Skizze abschließen.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Fügt die Kurven oder Punkte hinzu, an denen Körper, Flächen, Kanten oder andere Skizzen die Skizzenebene schneiden. Sie bleiben verknüpft und folgen Änderungen am Modell.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Erzeugt 3D-Kurven, wo sich zwei Körper oder Flächen treffen, mit diesen verknüpft. Als Pfade oder Leitkurven, die dem Modell folgen.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Erzeugt 3D-Kurven, wo sich zwei Körper, Flächen oder Kurven anderer Skizzen treffen, mit diesen verknüpft. Als Pfade oder Leitkurven, die dem Modell folgen.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "Erzeugt eine 3D-Kurve in U- oder V-Richtung einer Fläche durch einen gewählten Punkt, mit der Fläche verknüpft. Als Pfad oder Trennlinie, die der Fläche folgt.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Zeichnet verbundene Linien Punkt für Punkt, als offene Kette oder geschlossene Kontur. Das Grundwerkzeug für die meisten Profile.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Zeichnet eine Linie von ihrem Mittelpunkt zu einem Ende, das andere Ende gespiegelt. Für Linien, die auf einem Punkt mittig liegen, etwa eine symmetrische Kante.",
@@ -2140,6 +2162,7 @@
  "navbar.value_tip": "{name} · {value}",
  "navbar.visual_style": "Darstellung",
  "navbar.zoom": "Zoomen",
+  "navbar.zoom_hold_tip": "Zoomen (Tastenkürzel gedrückt halten)",
  "needs two joints": "benötigt zwei Gelenke",
  "network.allow_once": "Einmalig erlauben",
  "network.always_allow": "Diesen Server immer erlauben",
@@ -2278,6 +2301,8 @@
  "prefs.browser_eye_left": "Auge neben dem Aufklapppfeil",
  "prefs.browser_eye_left_note": "Browserzeilen zeigen ihr Auge zum Ein- und Ausblenden wie bisher neben dem Aufklapppfeil statt in einer Spalte am rechten Zeilenende.",
  "prefs.browser_reveal_on_hover": "Beim Überfahren einblenden",
+  "prefs.browser_rows_start_closed": "Browser-Zeilen beginnen geschlossen",
+  "prefs.browser_rows_start_closed_note": "Platzierungen und Ordner im Browser beginnen geschlossen, sodass ein Entwurf mit vielen Komponenten seine obersten Zeilen zeigt. Jede öffnet sich mit ihrem Pfeil, „Alle ausklappen“ oder „Im Browser suchen“, das nur die Zeilen bis zu seinem Körper öffnet und die von der letzten Suche geöffneten wieder schließt. Ein in der 3D-Ansicht gewählter Körper lässt den Browser, wie er ist. Ist es aus, beginnen die Ordner geöffnet, Platzierungen so, wie „Komponenten zu Beginn aufgeklappt“ es festlegt, und eine Auswahl in der 3D-Ansicht öffnet den Browser bis zu ihrem Körper, wie bisher.",
  "prefs.browser_show_note": "Angezeigt lässt den Browser auf dem Bildschirm. Beim Überfahren einblenden blendet ihn aus, bis der Zeiger über seinen Platz oder die schmale Lasche an seinem linken Rand kommt; er bleibt offen, solange der Zeiger darin ist oder ein Menü daraus offen ist.",
  "prefs.browser_shown": "Angezeigt",
  "prefs.built_in": "Integriert",
@@ -2288,6 +2313,7 @@
  "prefs.carousel_previous": "Zurück",
  "prefs.choose_font": "Schriftdatei auswählen…",
  "prefs.click": "Klicken",
+  "prefs.command_dialog_values": "Befehlsdialoge",
  "prefs.contact_shading": "Weiche Kontaktschattierung",
  "prefs.contact_shading_note": "Erzeugt weiche Schatten an Stellen, an denen sich Bauteile nahekommen.",
  "prefs.context_menu": "Kontextmenü",
@@ -2334,6 +2360,8 @@
  "prefs.edges": "Kanten und Schattierung",
  "prefs.extend": "Erweitern",
  "prefs.extra_navigation": "Mit Strg und gedrückter linker Maustaste auf einer freien Fläche drehen. Leertaste gedrückt halten, um die Ansicht zu verschieben.",
+  "prefs.extrude_arrow_face_stops": "Extrusionspfeil hält an Flächen",
+  "prefs.extrude_arrow_face_stops_note": "Beim Ziehen des Abstandspfeils von Extrusion hält er an ebenen Flächen parallel zum Profil, etwa an der Rückseite eines Blocks, in den geschnitten wird, und hebt die Fläche hervor. Aus: Der Pfeil bewegt sich nur in runden Schritten.",
  "prefs.extrude_view_isometric": "Beim Öffnen von Extrudieren isometrisch ausrichten",
  "prefs.extrude_view_return": "Beim Schließen von Extrudieren zur vorigen Ansicht zurück",
  "prefs.follows_os": "Wie im Betriebssystem",
@@ -2383,6 +2411,8 @@
  "prefs.graphics_page.surfaces_edges": "Flächen und Kanten",
  "prefs.graphics_page.view_bar": "Auch in der Ansichtsleiste",
  "prefs.graphics_presets_note": "Mit den Profilen werden die unten aufgeführten Optionen gemeinsam eingestellt.",
+  "prefs.ground_shadow_follows_model": "Bodenschatten folgt dem Modell",
+  "prefs.ground_shadow_follows_model_help": "Den Schatten unter dem niedrigsten sichtbaren Körper platzieren. Wenn deaktiviert, bleibt der Schatten angehobener Modelle auf der Bodenebene durch den Ursprung.",
  "prefs.hide_constraint_glyphs_zoomed_out": "Bindungssymbole bei starkem Herauszoomen ausblenden",
  "prefs.hide_constraint_glyphs_zoomed_out_note": "Bindungssymbole verschwinden, wenn die Skizze so weit herausgezoomt ist, dass sie sie überladen würden. Aus: sie behalten bei jedem Zoom eine feste Bildschirmgröße.",
  "prefs.history": "Verlauf",
@@ -2418,6 +2448,8 @@
  "prefs.layout_page.card": "Karte",
  "prefs.layout_page.column": "Spalte",
  "prefs.layout_page.hover": "Bei Mauszeiger",
+  "prefs.layout_page.hover_panel_menus": "Bereichsmenüs beim Darüberfahren wechseln",
+  "prefs.layout_page.hover_panel_menus_help": "Klicken Sie auf einen Bereichsnamen, um das Menü zu öffnen. Bewegen Sie den Zeiger auf einen anderen Bereichsnamen, um das Menü zu wechseln. Außerhalb des Menübands und des geöffneten Menüs schließt es sich.",
  "prefs.layout_page.icons_labels": "Symbole + Beschriftungen",
  "prefs.layout_page.ok_cancel": "OK und Abbrechen",
  "prefs.layout_page.on_hover": "Bei Mauszeiger",
@@ -2456,6 +2488,8 @@
  "prefs.mouse": "Maus und Trackpad",
  "prefs.mouse_heading": "Maus",
  "prefs.mouse_mapping": "Mausbelegung",
+  "prefs.move_drag_highlights": "Hervorheben, was unter dem Zeiger liegt, während die Pfeile von Verschieben eine Komponente ziehen",
+  "prefs.move_drag_highlights_tip": "Aus: Solange die Pfeile von Verschieben eine Komponente ziehen, wird nichts unter dem Zeiger hervorgehoben; so bleiben große Baugruppen flüssig. Mit einem Schnitt oder einer Analyse wird es trotzdem hervorgehoben, und ein entlang seiner Gelenke gezogenes Teil hebt nie etwas hervor.",
  "prefs.navigation": "Navigation",
  "prefs.navigation.axes_signed": "Achsen",
  "prefs.navigation.cube_compact": "Würfel",
@@ -2520,6 +2554,10 @@
  "prefs.quality_smoother": "Stärker geglättet",
  "prefs.quick_measure": "Schnellmessung in der Ecke der Ansicht",
  "prefs.quick_measure_note": "Zeigt unten rechts in der Ansicht die Größe der Auswahl an: bei einer Kante die Länge, bei einer kreisförmigen Kante zusätzlich Durchmesser (Ø) und Radius (R), bei einer Fläche den Flächeninhalt, bei einem Punkt die Position, bei zwei Elementen Abstand und Winkel sowie bei mehreren Kanten oder Flächen die Gesamtlänge bzw. Gesamtfläche. Ein Klick kopiert den Messwert.",
+  "prefs.remember_dialog_values": "Befehlsdialogwerte merken",
+  "prefs.remember_dialog_values.help": "Standardmäßig aus. Wenn aktiviert, werden nach erfolgreicher Ausführung eines Befehls seine sicheren Werte und Optionen beim nächsten Öffnen desselben Befehls wiederverwendet, bis SolidCraft geschlossen wird.",
+  "prefs.render_legacy_image_defaults": "Bisherige Render-Bildvorgaben verwenden",
+  "prefs.render_legacy_image_defaults_help": "Den bisherigen manuellen Ablauf beibehalten: neue Setups mit CPU-Raster, feste Abtastung beim CPU-Raytracing und manuell geöffnete Ergebnisse. Beim Wechsel zu Render die Ansicht neu einpassen, Aufnahmen ohne Wiederherstellung ihrer Kamera wechseln und die bisherige Bildausrichtung und Navigation verwenden. Automatische Live-Bildrückmeldungen deaktivieren. Gespeicherte Setups bleiben unverändert.",
  "prefs.render_previous_geometry_budget": "Bisheriges Geometriebudget für die Render-Vorschau verwenden",
  "prefs.render_previous_geometry_budget_help": "Stellt die bisherige feste Obergrenze für die Geometrie wieder her (512 MiB auf 64-Bit-Desktop-Systemen, andernfalls 128 MiB) anstelle des geräteabhängigen Budgets.",
  "prefs.reports_saved": "{n} gespeichert",
@@ -2596,6 +2634,7 @@
  "prefs.sketch_exit_view_note": "Legt fest, zu welcher Ansicht nach „Skizze beenden“, „Abbrechen“ oder zweimaligem Drücken der Esc-Taste gewechselt wird.",
  "prefs.sketch_face_activates_part": "Skizzieren auf der Fläche eines Teils aktiviert dieses Teil",
  "prefs.sketch_face_activates_part_note": "Eine Skizze, die auf einer Fläche am Körper einer anderen Komponente begonnen wird, aktiviert zuerst diese Komponente, sodass die Skizze zu ihr gehört und im Browser bei diesem Teil bleibt. Das Teil bleibt danach aktiv. Aus: Die Skizze gehört zur aktiven Komponente.",
+  "prefs.sketch_mirror_auto_line": "Vorausgewählte Konstruktionslinie zum Spiegeln verwenden",
  "prefs.sketch_open_look_at": "Beim Öffnen einer Skizze auf sie ausrichten",
  "prefs.sketch_open_look_at_note": "Aus: Beim Erstellen oder Bearbeiten einer Skizze bleibt die Ansicht, wie sie ist. „Ansehen“ richtet die Ansicht bei Bedarf auf die Skizze aus.",
  "prefs.sketch_recent_snap": "Automatisch an zuletzt verwendete Mittelpunkte fangen",
@@ -2743,12 +2782,15 @@
  "refused.join": "Konnte nicht mit {body} vereinigt werden.",
  "refused.repair": "Teil reparieren",
  "refused.show_face": "Fläche zeigen",
+  "render.adaptive.pilot_progress": "Adaptive Pilotphase · {current}/{target} Durchgänge",
+  "render.adaptive.preview_help": "Pilotbilder bestimmen die Verteilung und sind vom Endbild ausgeschlossen. Produktionsiterationen nutzen ein eigenes Budget pro Pixel; die Iterationszahl ist keine einheitliche Samplezahl pro Pixel.",
+  "render.adaptive.production_progress": "Adaptive Produktion · {current}/{target} Iterationen",
  "render.adaptive_absolute": "Absolute RGB-Fehleruntergrenze",
  "render.adaptive_coverage": "Zielwert für den Abdeckungsfehler",
  "render.adaptive_enable": "Samples mithilfe unabhängiger Pilot-Samples zuteilen",
-  "render.adaptive_help": "Nur GPU. Unabhängige Pilot-Samples werden verworfen. Anschließend werden pro Pixel 16 oder mehr Produktions-Samples zugeteilt, bis zu den Samples pro Pixel. Die Zuteilung richtet sich nach der RGB- und Abdeckungsvarianz; seltene Pfade können übersehen werden, und Pixel, die ihr Limit erreicht haben, können verrauscht bleiben. Der Abschlussbericht zählt den tatsächlichen Aufwand. Keine zertifizierte Garantie für ein bestimmtes Rauschniveau oder eine bestimmte Renderzeit.",
+  "render.adaptive_help": "Unabhängige Pilotsamples werden verworfen und bestimmen dann mindestens 16 Produktionssamples pro Pixel bis zum Wert Samples pro Pixel. CPU-Ressourcengrenzen umfassen beide Phasen. RGB- und Abdeckungsvarianz steuern die Verteilung; Pixel am Limit können verrauscht bleiben. Der Abschlussbericht zählt die tatsächlichen Samples.",
  "render.adaptive_minimum": "Minimale Produktions-Samples",
-  "render.adaptive_pending": "Die adaptive Zuteilung mit unabhängigen GPU-Pilot-Samples und bedingte Fresnel-Schichten sind verfügbar. Zertifizierte Konvergenz, Garantien für seltene Ereignisse und adaptiver Lichttransport auf der CPU bleiben nicht verfügbar.",
+  "render.adaptive_pending": "Adaptive Verteilung mit unabhängigen Pilotsamples ist für CPU und GPU verfügbar. Bedingte Fresnel-Schichten erfordern die GPU. Die statistische Verteilung bestätigt keine Konvergenz.",
  "render.adaptive_pilots": "Pilot-Samples pro Pixel",
  "render.adaptive_relative": "Zielwert für den relativen RGB-Fehler",
  "render.add_ground": "Add fitted ground to setup",
@@ -2771,6 +2813,7 @@
  "render.aging_metallic": "Metallanteil der Schicht",
  "render.aging_origin": "Feldursprung · Weltkoordinaten (mm)",
  "render.aging_patina": "Kupfergrüne Patina",
+  "render.aging_raytrace_help": "Alterung wird beim CPU-Raytracing und GPU-Pathtracing angewendet. Raster bleibt eine schematische Darstellung.",
  "render.aging_refresh_targets": "Aktuelle Körper prüfen",
  "render.aging_roughness": "Rauheit der Schicht",
  "render.aging_rust": "Oxidiertes Eisen / Rost",
@@ -2791,6 +2834,7 @@
  "render.appearance_editor.closed": "Geschlossener Körper",
  "render.appearance_editor.coat": "Klarlack",
  "render.appearance_editor.cpu_reason": "Benötigt CPU-Strahlverfolgung.",
+  "render.appearance_editor.discard_saved_edit": "Ungespeicherte Optikänderungen verwerfen",
  "render.appearance_editor.glass": "Glas und Absorption",
  "render.appearance_editor.glass_enable": "Physikalisches Glas für diesen Körper verwenden",
  "render.appearance_editor.glass_note": "Geschlossenes Glas verwendet geometrische Abstände. Es kann nicht mit Klarlack oder Texturen auf demselben Körper kombiniert werden.",
@@ -2809,7 +2853,7 @@
  "render.appearance_editor.replace": "Gespeicherte Optik dieses Körpers ersetzen",
  "render.appearance_editor.revalidate": "Diesen Körper erneut prüfen",
  "render.appearance_editor.save": "Diese Optik speichern",
-  "render.appearance_editor.save_reason": "Zum Speichern wird physikalisches Glas auf einem aktuellen GPU-Körper benötigt. Klarlack und lokale Bildtexturen bleiben vorübergehend.",
+  "render.appearance_editor.save_reason": "Zum Speichern Glas an einem aktuellen CPU- oder GPU-Körper aktivieren. Für Klarlack „Klarlack in Aufnahme speichern“ verwenden. Lokale Bilddateien bleiben temporär.",
  "render.appearance_editor.saved": "Mit dieser Aufnahme gespeichert",
  "render.appearance_editor.saved_state": "Diese Optik ist mit dieser Aufnahme gespeichert.",
  "render.appearance_editor.scatter_reason": "Innere Streuung benötigt einen geschlossenen Körper.",
@@ -2855,9 +2899,13 @@
  "render.base_metallic": "Metallanteil",
  "render.base_opaque_only": "Dieser Editor lässt Körper undurchsichtig. Für optische Transmission verwenden Sie die gesonderten Glaseinstellungen.",
  "render.batch_all_shots": "Alle Ansichten ({count})",
+  "render.batch_current_settings_help": "Verwendet die aktuellen Bildeinstellungen mit jeder gespeicherten Aufnahmekamera, eine Aufnahme nach der anderen.",
  "render.batch_empty": "Vor dem Rendern aller Ansichten eine Ansicht speichern.",
  "render.batch_limit": "Es können höchstens 32 Ansichten gerendert werden.",
+  "render.batch_owner_limit": "Es können höchstens 32 Dokument-Bildfolgen vorgehalten werden. Schließen Sie zuerst eine vorhandene Folge ab oder brechen Sie sie ab.",
+  "render.batch_preparing": "Nächste Aufnahme wird vorbereitet",
  "render.batch_status": "{running} läuft · {waiting} warten",
+  "render.batch_waiting_worker": "Warten auf die Rendering-Vorbereitung",
  "render.bloom_enable": "Darstellungs-Bloom",
  "render.bloom_help": "Kreativer Ausgabeglanz aus linearen Glanzlichtern mit drei normierten Durchläufen. Radius in Ausgabepixeln; Addition vor sRGB. Keine Linsen-, Volumen- oder Konvergenzsimulation. Das rohe EXR bleibt unverändert.",
  "render.bloom_opaque": "Bloom benötigt eine deckende Ausgabe. Transparentes PNG wird abgelehnt, nicht still abgeflacht.",
@@ -2887,6 +2935,10 @@
  "render.category_paint": "Lack",
  "render.category_plastic": "Kunststoff",
  "render.category_wood": "Holz",
+  "render.check_glass_cpu": "Die CPU unterstützt geprüfte ebene Glasscheiben und achsenparallele Boxen. Allgemeine geschlossene Netze, Verschachtelung und innere Streuung erfordern indirekte Beleuchtung. Durch geschlossenes Glas übertragene Schatten bleiben nicht unterstützt.",
+  "render.check_glass_gpu": "Die GPU unterstützt geprüfte getrennte Glasmedien oder ausdrücklich aktivierte geprüfte Verschachtelung. Dafür müssen die äußeren Körper konvex und die inneren streng enthalten sein; Grenzen dürfen sich nicht berühren.",
+  "render.check_media_remaining": "Raues Glas, Dichtegitter, Displacement und spektraler Lichttransport bleiben nicht verfügbar.",
+  "render.check_media_scope": "Aktive innere Streuung benötigt ein geschlossenes Glasmedium ohne gerade Schattenübertragung und ohne Rauschreduzierung. Die GPU benötigt außerdem eine Fresnel-Schicht. Aktive äußere Atmosphäre kann nicht mit Glas oder Oberflächen-Rauschreduzierung kombiniert werden.",
  "render.check_opaque": "Transparenz: nur undurchsichtige Oberflächen; Hintergrund-Alpha wird unterstützt.",
  "render.check_sorted_alpha": "Transparenz: Näherung mit sortiertem Alpha.",
  "render.check_transmission": "Transparenz: physikalische Transmission.",
@@ -2905,7 +2957,7 @@
  "render.children.copy_request": "Anfrage-JSON kopieren",
  "render.children.coverage_error": "Abdeckungsfehler",
  "render.children.cpu": "CPU-Raytracing",
-  "render.children.denoise": "Rauschen im fertigen Bild reduzieren",
+  "render.children.denoise": "Bildrauschen reduzieren",
  "render.children.depth": "Pfadtiefe",
  "render.children.distortion": "Verzeichnung",
  "render.children.edge_samples": "Kanten-Samples",
@@ -2968,6 +3020,14 @@
  "render.choose_look": "Zuerst einen Look in der Bibliothek wählen",
  "render.chromatic_offset": "Chromatischer Kantenversatz",
  "render.clear_stage": "Remove saved stage",
+  "render.coat_discard": "Klarlackänderung verwerfen",
+  "render.coat_pending_edit": "Diese Klarlackänderung ist ungespeichert. Mit der Aufnahme speichern oder verwerfen.",
+  "render.coat_remove": "Gespeicherten Klarlack entfernen",
+  "render.coat_remove_note": "Entfernt den Klarlack dieses Ziels aus der Aufnahme. Geometrie, Aussehen und physikalische Materialien bleiben unverändert.",
+  "render.coat_remove_title": "Gespeicherten Klarlack entfernen?",
+  "render.coat_revalidate_saved": "Der gespeicherte Klarlack wurde geändert. Diese Änderung verwerfen und das Ziel vor der nächsten Bearbeitung erneut öffnen.",
+  "render.coat_save": "Klarlack in Aufnahme speichern",
+  "render.coat_saved_help": "Klarlack fügt undurchsichtigen Flächen eine glänzende Schicht hinzu. Mit der Aufnahme speichern. Glas kann nicht dasselbe Ziel verwenden. Auf der CPU dürfen auch benutzerdefinierte Reflexions- und Anisotropieüberschreibungen dieses Ziel nicht verwenden.",
  "render.compare_divider": "Vergleichstrenner",
  "render.compare_live": "Live",
  "render.compare_live_preview": "Live-Vorschau",
@@ -3001,10 +3061,18 @@
  "render.cpu_budget_triangles": "Dreiecksobergrenze",
  "render.cpu_budget_workstation": "Workstation (komplexe Szenen)",
  "render.cpu_captured_hdr": "Für dieses Bild erfasstes HDR",
+  "render.cpu_celestial_adopt": "CPU-Raytracing mit indirekter Beleuchtung · Pfadtiefe {depth} · {spp} SPP · verfolgte Schatten · Seed {seed} · 1 Primärsample",
+  "render.cpu_celestial_adopt_label": "CPU-Raytracing mit indirekter Beleuchtung",
+  "render.cpu_celestial_path_required": "Endliche Sonne und Verlaufshimmel verwenden indirekte CPU-Beleuchtung.",
+  "render.cpu_celestial_switch": "Wähle CPU-Raytracing mit indirekter Beleuchtung, um diese Sonne oder diesen Himmel beizubehalten.",
+  "render.cpu_celestial_unportable": "Behalte GPU-Pathtracing für die aktuellen Transmissions-Sample-Einstellungen bei.",
  "render.cpu_check_capture_help": "Prüfen und Starten verifizieren dieselbe Datei-Prüfsumme oder verwenden das eingebettete HDR. Jedes Bild behält seine erfasste Quelle.",
  "render.cpu_check_changed": "Die Einstellungen oder das Modell haben sich nach dieser Prüfung geändert. Prüfen Sie erneut, bevor Sie rendern.",
+  "render.cpu_constant_direct_help": "Ohne indirekte Beleuchtung kann diese konstante Quelle in Reflexionen und durch Glas sichtbar sein. Sie beleuchtet keine undurchsichtigen Flächen. Schalte indirekte Beleuchtung ein, um sie als Szenenlicht zu nutzen.",
+  "render.cpu_constant_enable_indirect_plan": "Pfadtiefe {depth}; progressives Sampling mit {spp} Samples/Pixel (Seed {seed}); ein Primärstrahl pro Sample; Raytracing-Schatten. Bildgröße, CPU-Budget und andere Einstellungen bleiben erhalten.",
  "render.cpu_constant_help": "Konstante Strahldichte ist für reflektierte oder durchgelassene Strahlen sichtbar. Sie liefert keine direkte diffuse Beleuchtung.",
  "render.cpu_custom_directions": "Vorgabe durch eigene Richtungslichter ersetzen",
+  "render.cpu_denoise_help": "Verringert das Rauschen bei jeder Bildaktualisierung. Feine Details und Übergänge der Tiefenschärfe können weicher werden. Die EXR-Rohdaten bleiben unverändert. Nachträgliche Anpassungen eines fertigen Bildes verwenden dessen Rohbild und wenden die Rauschreduzierung nicht erneut an.",
  "render.cpu_direction": "Richtung zum Licht (X, Y, Z)",
  "render.cpu_directional": "Richtungslicht",
  "render.cpu_directional_add": "Richtungslicht hinzufügen",
@@ -3016,8 +3084,11 @@
  "render.cpu_environment_samples": "HDR-Beleuchtungs-Samples",
  "render.cpu_exposure_help": "Die CPU-Belichtung muss zwischen −16 und 16 EV liegen. Eine GPU-Belichtung außerhalb dieses Bereichs bleibt erhalten, bis Sie sie ändern.",
  "render.cpu_fixed": "Einzelbild",
+  "render.cpu_fixed_retained": "Feste Abtastung beibehalten",
+  "render.cpu_glass_enable_path": "Indirekte Beleuchtung einschalten",
  "render.cpu_hdr_help": "Radiance-HDR-Datei (.hdr), Panorama im Format 2:1, bis zu 2048 × 1024 Pixel und 16 MiB. Für die CPU müssen die sRGB/D65-Primärfarben ausdrücklich in der Datei angegeben sein. Dateien ohne Angabe der Primärfarben sowie EXR-Dateien werden abgelehnt.",
  "render.cpu_hdr_reflection_help": "Raue HDR-Reflexionen erfordern vollständig metallische Körper- und Flächenoberflächen. Die Prüfung meldet nicht unterstützte Kombinationen.",
+  "render.cpu_indirect_method_required": "Wähle CPU-Raytracing, um diesen Modus für indirekte Beleuchtung einzuschalten.",
  "render.cpu_key_rim": "Haupt- und Konturlicht",
  "render.cpu_last_check": "Letzte CPU-Prüfung",
  "render.cpu_light_help": "Bis zu acht Richtungslichter. Eine leere eigene Liste schaltet sie aus; die Wahl einer Vorgabe stellt deren Lichter wieder her. Farben sind lineares RGB, und die Intensität ist ein relativer Wert, keine Leistungsangabe in Watt.",
@@ -3029,18 +3100,32 @@
  "render.cpu_lighting": "Beleuchtungsvorgabe",
  "render.cpu_lights": "CPU-Lichter",
  "render.cpu_linear_color": "Lineare Farbe (R, G, B)",
+  "render.cpu_maps_saved_help": "CPU-Renderings können gespeicherte Karten undurchsichtiger Flächen verwenden: Oberfläche wählen und die Karten in der Aufnahme speichern. Mit indirekter Beleuchtung darf ein anderer Körper Glas verwenden; der Körper mit Karten darf kein Glas sein. Ausgewählte Reflexionen, Anisotropie und prozedurale Effekte ausschalten. Temporäre Kartendateipfade verwenden die GPU.",
+  "render.cpu_material_certification": "Die CPU-Prüfung validiert unterstützte Glasgeometrie vor dem Rendern. Geschlossenes Glas verwendet geometrische Abstände.",
  "render.cpu_neutral": "Neutral",
+  "render.cpu_opaque_hint": "CPU-Raytracing verwendet einen undurchsichtigen Hintergrund.",
  "render.cpu_opaque_required": "CPU-Raytracing benötigt einen undurchsichtigen Hintergrund. Entfernen Sie das Häkchen bei „Transparenter Hintergrund“, um fortzufahren.",
  "render.cpu_options_pending": "Dieses CPU-Bedienfeld kann Emission, Oberflächeneffekte, Glas oder Anisotropie noch nicht bearbeiten. Entfernen Sie diese API-Optionen, bevor Sie es verwenden.",
+  "render.cpu_path_depth": "Pfadtiefe",
+  "render.cpu_path_help": "Berechnet Licht, das zwischen undurchsichtigen Flächen und durch unterstützte Glasformen läuft. Erfordert progressives Rendern und Raytracing-Schatten. Die Pfadtiefe zählt beleuchtete Flächen, Glasgrenzen und Streuereignisse ab dem ersten Treffer (1–16). Tiefe 1 liefert direkte Beleuchtung auf undurchsichtigen Flächen; höhere Werte erlauben mehr Reflexionen oder Glasdurchgänge und können länger dauern. Für eigene Reflexionen oder Anisotropie die indirekte Beleuchtung ausschalten.",
+  "render.cpu_path_lighting": "Indirekte Beleuchtung",
+  "render.cpu_path_optics_reason": "Die Einstellungen bleiben erhalten. Für eigene Reflexionen oder Anisotropie die indirekte Beleuchtung ausschalten.",
  "render.cpu_point": "Punktlicht",
  "render.cpu_point_add": "Punktlicht hinzufügen",
  "render.cpu_point_help": "Bis zu acht Punktlichter, zusätzlich zur gewählten Richtungsbeleuchtung. Abstände in mm; der Mindestabstand darf den Referenzabstand nicht überschreiten.",
  "render.cpu_primary_samples": "Kanten-Samples pro Pixel",
  "render.cpu_progressive": "CPU progressiv",
-  "render.cpu_progressive_help": "Den vorhandenen CPU-Integrator in Durchgängen mit je einem Primär-Sample akkumulieren. Ausgewählte Reflexionen erfordern ein Sample; Flächenlichter, Dielektrika und Anisotropie erfordern „Einzelbild“.",
+  "render.cpu_progressive_adopt": "Progressive Abtastung verwenden",
+  "render.cpu_progressive_adopt_help": "Die progressive Abtastung verwendet ein Kamerasample pro Durchlauf. Bildgröße, Lichtquellen und Reflexionseinstellungen bleiben unverändert.",
+  "render.cpu_progressive_always": "Progressive Abtastung ist immer aktiv",
+  "render.cpu_progressive_help": "Neue CPU-Kamerasamples sammeln und jeden vollständigen Durchgang zeigen. Ausgewählte Reflexionen verwenden einen Versuch pro Kamerasample; zertifiziertes Glas und planare Anisotropie behalten ihre bisherigen Grenzen. Adaptive Pilot- und Produktionssamples teilen sich das CPU-Profilbudget.",
  "render.cpu_progressive_limits": "Höchstens 1.048.576 Pixel und 16.777.216 Auswertungen von Pixel × Sample. Das Ändern der Samples passt die Bildgröße nie automatisch an.",
+  "render.cpu_progressive_reflection_adopt": "Setzen Sie die Reflexionsversuche ausgewählter Körper auf 1, bevor Sie die progressive Abtastung übernehmen.",
  "render.cpu_progressive_seed": "Startwert für das CPU-Sampling",
  "render.cpu_progressive_spp": "Samples pro Pixel",
+  "render.cpu_quality_budget_help": "Ändert Größe, Obergrenze der Produktionssamples, Startwert und CPU-Ressourcenprofil. Kamera, Objektiv, Beleuchtung, GI-Tiefe und Effekte bleiben erhalten.",
+  "render.cpu_quality_progressive_required": "Aktiviere unten progressive Samples, bevor du ein CPU-Budget auswählst.",
+  "render.cpu_quality_summary": "{width} × {height} · Sample-Grenze {samples} · Startwert {seed} · {profile}",
  "render.cpu_reflection_add": "Raue Reflexion hinzufügen",
  "render.cpu_reflection_depth": "Reflexionstiefe (1–8)",
  "render.cpu_reflection_empty": "Keine Körper ausgewählt: Szenenreflexionen sind aus.",
@@ -3054,7 +3139,21 @@
  "render.cpu_runtime_help": "Numerische Licht- und Umgebungseinstellungen werden mit dem Setup gespeichert. Körperreflexionen und HDR-Dateien bleiben vorübergehend. Vorhandene Werte für Flächenlicht und Spotkegel bleiben erhalten.",
  "render.cpu_sampling_mode": "CPU-Sampling-Modus",
  "render.cpu_shadows": "Schatten werfen",
+  "render.cpu_sky_bounds": "Die Himmelsrotation muss endlich innerhalb ±1.000.000 Radiant liegen; die Intensität muss 0–100 sein.",
+  "render.cpu_studio_enable": "Indirekte Beleuchtung für dieses Lichtset aktivieren",
+  "render.cpu_studio_enable_apply": "Indirekte Beleuchtung aktivieren und anwenden",
+  "render.cpu_studio_indirect_help": "Dieses Sonnen-Lichtset benötigt indirekte Beleuchtung mit Tiefe 8, verfolgte Schatten und eine Kamerastichprobe pro Durchlauf. Ist progressives Rendern ausgeschaltet, beginnt es mit 16 Stichproben pro Pixel und Startwert 0. Vorhandene progressive Einstellungen und das Ressourcenprofil bleiben erhalten. Unvereinbare Einstellungen verhindern die Anwendung, ohne sie zu ändern.",
+  "render.cpu_studio_radiance_limit": "Dieses Lichtset hat eine Flächenstrahldichte von {radiance}, über der CPU-Grenze von 64. Die vorgegebene Beleuchtung bleibt erhalten; wählen Sie ein anderes Lichtset oder GPU.",
+  "render.cpu_subsurface_denoise_reason": "Streuung im Glas auf der CPU benötigt ausgeschaltete Rauschreduzierung. Die Einstellungen bleiben erhalten.",
+  "render.cpu_subsurface_help": "Streuung lenkt Licht im Inneren geschlossenen Glases um. Positive Raten benötigen indirekte Beleuchtung ohne Rauschreduzierung. Die Rate zählt Kollisionen pro mm; 0 fügt keine Streuung hinzu. Positive Richtungswerte bevorzugen vorwärts, negative rückwärts.",
  "render.cpu_summary": "CPU-Raytracing · Reflexionen · HDR · Richtungs- und Punktlichter",
+  "render.cpu_transparent_help": "Transparentes PNG entfernt den Hintergrund und erhält die Kantenabdeckung. Körper- und Flächendeckkraft müssen 100 % bleiben.",
+  "render.cpu_volume_enable_path": "Indirekte Beleuchtung einschalten",
+  "render.cpu_volume_enable_path_plan": "CPU-Raytracing · Pfadtiefe {depth} · {spp} Samples/Pixel · Seed {seed} · Raytracing-Schatten. Atmosphäre und Bildbudget bleiben erhalten.",
+  "render.cpu_volume_help": "CPU-Atmosphäre nutzt indirekte Beleuchtung. Bei Extinktion null bleibt die gespeicherte Box ohne Nebel erhalten.",
+  "render.cpu_volume_method_adopt": "CPU-Raytracing mit indirekter Beleuchtung",
+  "render.cpu_volume_method_incompatible": "Diese Licht-, Sampling- oder Atmosphäreinstellungen lassen sich nicht auf diese Methode übertragen. Die Einstellungen bleiben erhalten.",
+  "render.cpu_volume_path_required": "Indirekte Beleuchtung einschalten, um CPU-Atmosphäre zu nutzen.",
  "render.cpu_warm_cool": "Warm und kühl",
  "render.diag_bodies": "Sichtbare Körper",
  "render.diag_job_details": "Erfasste Auftragsdetails",
@@ -3064,6 +3163,7 @@
  "render.diag_preflight_details": "Details der Vorabprüfung",
  "render.diag_request": "Aktuelle Anfrage im Wortlaut",
  "render.diag_triangles": "Dreiecke",
+  "render.directional_sun_limit": "Die GPU unterstützt insgesamt acht gerichtete Lichtquellen, darunter höchstens eine weiche Sonne. Dupliziere ein hartes gerichtetes Licht für eine weitere entfernte Quelle.",
  "render.discard_continue": "Entwurf verwerfen und fortfahren",
  "render.draft_confirm_help": "Der aktuelle Render-Entwurf enthält nicht angewendete Änderungen. Speichern Sie sie vor dem Wechsel, verwerfen Sie sie ausdrücklich oder bearbeiten Sie weiter.",
  "render.draft_confirm_title": "Bearbeitete Rendereinstellungen beibehalten",
@@ -3213,7 +3313,7 @@
  "render.export_display": "Export: Anzeige-PNG",
  "render.export_image_label": "Bild exportieren",
  "render.export_linear": "Export: lineares Roh-EXR",
-  "render.exr_pending": "Die GPU kann rohe lineare EXR-Dateien behalten. Kompression, mehrschichtige Bilder und zusätzliche Renderpässe bleiben nicht verfügbar.",
+  "render.exr_pending": "CPU-Raytracing und GPU-Pathtracing können rohe lineare EXR-Dateien behalten. Kompression, mehrschichtige Bilder und zusätzliche Renderpässe bleiben nicht verfügbar.",
  "render.film_grain": "Fotografisches Korn",
  "render.fit": "Produkt einpassen",
  "render.fixed_camera": "Kamera",
@@ -3253,9 +3353,12 @@
  "render.frame_wide": "16:9 · Breitbild",
  "render.gpu_depth": "Maximale Pfadtiefe",
  "render.gpu_options_help": "Samples, Tiefe, Startwert und Belichtung werden mit diesem Setup gespeichert. Es wird nur die aktive Bildmethode gespeichert.",
+  "render.gpu_path_crashed": "SolidCraft wurde beim letzten Einrichten auf diesem Grafikadapter beendet, wahrscheinlich im Grafiktreiber, und richtet ihn deshalb nicht von selbst erneut ein. Verwenden Sie stattdessen Raytracing auf der CPU oder versuchen Sie es erneut (nach einem Treiberupdate wird es ebenfalls erneut versucht).",
  "render.gpu_path_failed": "GPU-Pathtracer nicht verfügbar",
  "render.gpu_path_first_setup": "Das erste Setup auf dieser GPU kann mehrere Minuten dauern; SolidCraft bleibt währenddessen bedienbar. Spätere Starts verwenden die kompilierten Shader erneut, sofern der Treiber sie behält.",
+  "render.gpu_path_not_started": "Die Einrichtung des GPU-Pfadtracers wurde noch nicht gestartet.",
  "render.gpu_path_preparing": "GPU-Pathtracer: Shader werden kompiliert…",
+  "render.gpu_path_retry": "Erneut versuchen",
  "render.gpu_seed": "Zufallsstartwert",
  "render.gpu_unavailable": "GPU-Pathtracing ist auf diesem Gerät nicht bereit.",
  "render.ground_apply": "Boden anpassen und speichern",
@@ -3449,6 +3552,8 @@
  "render.light_product_centre": "Produktmitte",
  "render.light_size": "Größe",
  "render.light_softness": "Weichheit",
+  "render.light_space_world": "Lichter in Weltkoordinaten",
+  "render.light_space_world_help": "Lichtpositionen und -richtungen verwenden Weltkoordinaten. Beim Umkreisen mit der Kamera bleiben die Lichter an ihrer Position.",
  "render.light_temperature": "Farbtemperatur",
  "render.light_temperature_help": "Angenäherte Schwarzkörperfarbe; als lineares RGB gespeichert.",
  "render.light_type": "Typ",
@@ -3505,6 +3610,25 @@
  "render.linear_help": "Behält ein lineares 32-Bit-Gleitkomma-RGBA-Rohbild vor Entrauschen, Belichtung, Tone-Mapping, Filtern und Hintergrund. Lineares sRGB/D65; Abdeckung vormultipliziert. Zusätzlicher Speicher wird ausdrücklich zugelassen. Keine Komprimierung und keine zusätzlichen Durchgänge.",
  "render.linear_retain": "Lineares Roh-EXR behalten",
  "render.linear_unavailable": "Für das gewählte fertige Bild wurde kein EXR behalten. Aktivieren Sie das Behalten vor dem Rendern; ein älteres PNG kann die rohe Strahldichte nicht wiederherstellen.",
+  "render.live.adaptive": "Live · {width} × {height} · {progress}",
+  "render.live.final_changed": "Die Render-Anfrage hat sich beim Anhalten des Live-Renderings geändert. Starten Sie das finale Bild erneut.",
+  "render.live.final_waiting": "Finales Bild vorbereiten · Live-Render-Ressourcen freigeben",
+  "render.live.invalid_size": "Live-Rendering benötigt eine positive Ausgabebreite und -höhe.",
+  "render.live.pause": "Live pausieren",
+  "render.live.paused": "Live · Pausiert",
+  "render.live.paused_outdated": "Live · Pausiert · Veraltet",
+  "render.live.quality_help": "Interaktive Qualität: höchstens 512 Pixel an der längsten Kante. Verwendet den gewählten Renderer und seine unterstützten Effekte. Endauflösung, Einstellungen und Export bleiben getrennt.",
+  "render.live.refused": "Live nicht verfügbar: {reason}",
+  "render.live.resume": "Live fortsetzen",
+  "render.live.samples": "Live · {width} × {height} · {current}/{target} Samples",
+  "render.live.source_current": "{method} · Live",
+  "render.live.source_outdated": "{method} · Vorheriges Bild",
+  "render.live.source_outdated_help": "Zeigt das zuletzt aufgenommene Bild, während das Live-Rendering aktualisiert wird oder nicht verfügbar ist. Es kann von der aktuellen Szene oder den Bildeinstellungen abweichen.",
+  "render.live.source_settings_help": "Ausgabe öffnen, um Renderer und Bildeinstellungen zu bearbeiten.",
+  "render.live.stopped": "Live-Rendering angehalten",
+  "render.live.updating": "Live · Interaktive Qualität (bis 512 px) · Aktualisierung",
+  "render.live.waiting_canvas": "Warten auf die Render-Ansicht",
+  "render.live.worker_stopped": "Der Aufnahmeprozess für das Live-Rendering wurde vor der Rückgabe eines Ergebnisses beendet",
  "render.look_add": "Farblook hinzufügen",
  "render.look_applied": "{name} angewendet",
  "render.look_bleach": "Von Bleach-Bypass inspiriert",
@@ -3534,6 +3658,9 @@
  "render.material_coat_help": "Illustrative dielektrische Beschichtung über dem vorhandenen undurchsichtigen Erscheinungsbild. Gewicht null lässt das Grundmaterial unverändert.",
  "render.material_color_map": "Grundfarbentextur (sRGB)",
  "render.material_color_replace": "Basismap ersetzt Körperfarbe",
+  "render.material_cpu_glass_only": "Temporäre Bilddatei-Karten benötigen die GPU. Die CPU kann gespeicherte integrierte Oberflächenkarten verwenden.",
+  "render.material_cpu_optics_limits": "Indirekte Beleuchtung für unterstützte geschlossene Glasformen, geprüfte Verschachtelung und Streuung im Inneren einschalten. Dünne Scheiben können Licht für Schatten durchlassen. Sonst eine ebene Scheibe oder achsenparallele Box verwenden. Berührende Formen und durch geschlossenes Glas übertragene Schatten werden weiterhin nicht unterstützt. Die Werte bleiben erhalten.",
+  "render.material_cpu_saved_runtime_conflict": "Gespeicherte CPU-Optik kann nicht mit temporären optischen Bindungen kombiniert werden. Geprüfte Optik speichern oder die temporäre Bindung entfernen.",
  "render.material_custom": "Eigene illustrative Optik",
  "render.material_enable": "Diese GPU-Materialüberschreibungen verwenden",
  "render.material_filter": "Szenenkörper filtern…",
@@ -3554,6 +3681,7 @@
  "render.material_normal_map": "Normalenbild (OpenGL, +Y)",
  "render.material_normal_strength": "Normalenstärke (0–1)",
  "render.material_origin": "Texturursprung X · Y · Z (mm)",
+  "render.material_raytrace_required": "Physikalisches Glas benötigt CPU-Raytracing oder GPU-Pathtracing.",
  "render.material_refresh": "Szenenkörper aktualisieren",
  "render.material_refresh_needed": "Die Szene hat sich geändert. Aktualisieren Sie die Körperliste, bevor Sie ein Ziel hinzufügen.",
  "render.material_remove": "Diese Zuweisung entfernen",
@@ -3563,6 +3691,7 @@
  "render.material_revalidate_needed": "Diese Zuweisung gehört zu einer früheren Szenenrevision. Prüfen Sie die genaue Körperidentität erneut, bevor Sie rendern.",
  "render.material_roughness": "Rauheit des Klarlacks (0,045–1)",
  "render.material_roughness_map": "Rauheitsmap (linear)",
+  "render.material_saved_edit_pending": "Diese Optikänderungen sind ungespeichert. Geprüfte Werte speichern, die gespeicherte Zuordnung entfernen oder Änderungen verwerfen. Temporäre Bindungen und nicht unterstützte Effekte können das gespeicherte Ziel nicht überschreiben.",
  "render.material_shadow": "Gerade Schattenstrahlen durchlassen",
  "render.material_target_missing": "Ordnungsnummer und Name des Körpers stimmen nicht mehr überein. Entfernen Sie diese Zuweisung und wählen Sie den gewünschten Körper ausdrücklich erneut.",
  "render.material_thickness": "Dicke der dünnen Schicht (mm)",
@@ -3574,7 +3703,7 @@
  "render.method_cpu": "CPU-Raytracing",
  "render.method_gpu": "GPU-Pathtracing",
  "render.method_limit_raster": "Die Rasterung verwendet die feste undurchsichtige Studiovorschau. Wählen Sie ausdrücklich eine Raytracing-Methode für die unterstützten optischen Einstellungen.",
-  "render.method_raster": "CPU-Rasterung",
+  "render.method_raster": "CPU-Rasterung (schematisch)",
  "render.navigation_help": "Die Kamera bewegt sich wie im Konstruieren (Einstellungen › Navigation). Setup speichern übernimmt die aktuelle Kamera.",
  "render.nested_enable": "Zertifizierte verschachtelte Dielektrika",
  "render.nested_help": "Bis zu 16 umschließende Schichten; jedes übergeordnete Element muss konvex und jedes untergeordnete strikt darin enthalten sein. Überschneidungen, sich berührende Flächen, dünne Schichten und die Transmission gerader Schattenstrahlen werden abgelehnt. Der Zustand „Kamera im Inneren“ folgt der zertifizierten Hierarchie. Erzeugt keine Flüssigkeitsoberfläche und verschmilzt keine sich berührenden CAD-Grenzflächen.",
@@ -3602,16 +3731,19 @@
  "render.output_exr_unavailable": "EXR-Ausgabeeinstellungen sind hier nicht verfügbar. Linearer EXR-Export erfordert ein fertiges GPU-Bild mit gespeichertem linearem Original.",
  "render.output_fit": "Einpassen",
  "render.output_format": "Format",
-  "render.output_format_status": "PNG enthält das exakte fertige Anzeigebild. Optionales GPU-EXR bewahrt rohe lineare FLOAT32-Strahldichte vor Filtern. Export ersetzt nie durch Vorschaucache oder anderen Auftrag.",
+  "render.output_format_status": "PNG enthält das exakte fertige Anzeigebild. Optionales CPU/GPU-EXR bewahrt rohe lineare FLOAT32-Strahldichte vor Anzeigefiltern. Der Export verwendet nie den Vorschaucache oder einen anderen Auftrag.",
  "render.output_grading": "Farbkorrektur",
  "render.output_image": "Bild",
  "render.output_largest": "{width} × {height} max.",
  "render.output_lock_ratio": "Seitenverhältnis sperren",
+  "render.output_master_unavailable": "Zum EXR-Export ein fertiges Bild mit EXR-Rohdaten auswählen. EXR-Rohdaten vor dem Rendern neuer Bilder aktivieren.",
  "render.output_over_budget": "Das angeforderte Bild überschreitet den gewählten Ressourcenrahmen. Wählen Sie ausdrücklich eine passende Größe oder ein passendes Profil; es erfolgt keine automatische Herabstufung.",
+  "render.output_presentation_limits": "CPU-Bildeffekte und EXR-Ausgabe unterstützen Bilder mit bis zu 8192 Pixeln Breite oder Höhe und insgesamt höchstens 16.777.216 Pixeln.",
  "render.output_presets_help": "Format, Qualität und Prüfliste befinden sich im Ausgabeeditor.",
  "render.output_quality": "Qualität",
  "render.output_quality_waiting": "Qualitätsdefinition steht noch aus",
  "render.output_ratio_refused": "Die verknüpfte Abmessung überschreitet das Größenlimit dieser Methode. Die vorherige Größe bleibt erhalten; entsperren Sie das Verhältnis oder wählen Sie einen kleineren Wert.",
+  "render.output_raytrace_only": "Bildeffekte erfordern CPU-Raytracing oder GPU-Pathtracing.",
  "render.output_ready": "Bereit zum Rendern",
  "render.output_run_check": "Prüfung starten",
  "render.output_size_limit": "{method}: bis zu {dimension} px pro Seite und {pixels} Pixel. Größte passende Größe: {width} × {height}.",
@@ -3666,6 +3798,12 @@
  "render.post_saturation": "Sättigung",
  "render.post_title": "Darstellungsfilter",
  "render.post_vignette": "Vignettierung",
+  "render.preparation_cancelled": "Rendering-Vorbereitung abgebrochen",
+  "render.preparation_checking": "Rendering wird geprüft",
+  "render.preparation_retirement_failed": "Die Bereinigung der Rendering-Vorbereitung ist fehlgeschlagen. Dieses Fenster kann kein weiteres Bild vorbereiten.",
+  "render.preparation_retiring": "Rendering-Vorbereitung wird abgeschlossen",
+  "render.preparation_unavailable": "Rendering-Vorbereitung nicht verfügbar",
+  "render.presentation_banner": "Bildeffekte funktionieren mit CPU- und GPU-Raytracing. Das Öffnen dieser Seite ändert die Methode nicht.",
  "render.preview": "Integrierte Vorschau",
  "render.preview_help": "Rasterdarstellung mit gemischter Transparenz. Brechung, HDRI und finales Rendering sind noch nicht verfügbar.",
  "render.preview_image_settings_help": "Die Live-Vorschau behält eine feste Studiobeleuchtung. Belichtung und Bildbeleuchtung gelten für den Bildauftrag, wenn Sie „Prüfen“ oder „Start“ verwenden.",
@@ -3684,11 +3822,15 @@
  "render.quality_ack": "Die Projektion mit festem Budget und ihre Auslassungen bestätigen",
  "render.quality_apply": "Dieses feste Sampling-Budget verwenden",
  "render.quality_balanced": "Ausgewogen",
+  "render.quality_budget_help": "Legt Größe, Samples, Tiefe, Startwert und Rauschreduzierung fest. Andere Bildeinstellungen bleiben erhalten.",
  "render.quality_custom": "Benutzerdefiniert",
+  "render.quality_denoise_off": "Rauschreduzierung: Aus",
+  "render.quality_denoise_on": "Rauschreduzierung: Ein",
  "render.quality_draft": "Entwurf",
  "render.quality_high": "Hoch",
-  "render.quality_projection_help": "Q-Vorgaben enthalten künftige Anforderungen. Diese Aktion projiziert nur ein unterstütztes PNG-Budget mit festen Samples und lässt adaptives Stoppen, rohe lineare Ausgabe und unabhängige Transmissionslimits ausdrücklich aus.",
+  "render.quality_projection_help": "Diese Prüfung ändert nur Auflösung, Abtastbudget, Pfadtiefe, Startwert und Rauschreduzierung. Andere Einstellungen bleiben erhalten; das Budget garantiert keine Konvergenz.",
  "render.quality_review": "Sampling-Budget prüfen",
+  "render.quality_summary": "{width} × {height} · {samples} Samples · Tiefe {depth} · Startwert {seed} · {denoise}",
  "render.queue_pending": "In dieser Oberfläche gibt es keine automatische Produktionswarteschlange und keinen Animations-Renderer. Fertige Einzelbilder bleiben separat exportierbar.",
  "render.radial_assign": "Erscheinungsbild zuweisen",
  "render.radial_compare": "Vergleichen",
@@ -3718,7 +3860,7 @@
  "render.result_navigation": "Verschieben und Zoomen folgen den Navigationseinstellungen. Leertaste + Ziehen verschiebt.",
  "render.result_open": "Das fertige Bild in der Hauptansicht öffnen.",
  "render.result_preview": "Live-Vorschau",
-  "render.result_provisional": "Vorläufiges CPU-Bild",
+  "render.result_provisional": "Vorläufiges Bild",
  "render.result_provisional_help": "Dieser Zwischenstand ist nicht exportierbar. Der Export behält das letzte fertige Ergebnis; ein Abbruch kehrt zu diesem Ergebnis zurück.",
  "render.result_reduced_display": "Anzeigevorschau auf die Geräte-/Cachegrenze reduziert. PNG und Export behalten die volle Auflösung; native 100%-Ansicht ist hier nicht verfügbar.",
  "render.result_retained": "Das zuletzt fertiggestellte Bild wird angezeigt; ein neueres Rendering hat es noch nicht ersetzt.",
@@ -3807,9 +3949,11 @@
  "render.shot_frame_subject": "Motiv einpassen",
  "render.shot_invalid_camera": "Kamerawerte müssen endlich und im gültigen Bereich sein.",
  "render.shot_lens": "Objektiv",
+  "render.shot_lens_cpu_progressive_reason": "Vor der CPU-Schärfentiefe unter Sampling die progressive Abtastung übernehmen.",
  "render.shot_lens_enable_reason": "Schärfentiefe aktivieren, um Blende und Fokusabstand zu bearbeiten.",
  "render.shot_lens_gpu_reason": "Schärfentiefe benötigt GPU-Pfadverfolgung.",
  "render.shot_lens_perspective_reason": "Schärfentiefe benötigt perspektivische Projektion.",
+  "render.shot_lens_raytrace_reason": "Schärfentiefe ist für CPU-Raytracing und GPU-Pathtracing verfügbar.",
  "render.shot_look_selection": "Auswahl anvisieren",
  "render.shot_manager": "Gespeicherte Aufnahmen",
  "render.shot_new_name": "Neuer Aufnahmename",
@@ -3843,7 +3987,12 @@
  "render.sky_horizon": "Horizont · lineares RGB",
  "render.sky_zenith": "Zenit · lineares RGB",
  "render.soft_focus": "Weichzeichnung",
+  "render.spot_axis": "Abstrahlrichtung",
  "render.spot_cone": "Spotkegel",
+  "render.spot_gpu_help": "Die Winkel werden von der Abstrahlrichtung aus gemessen. Zwischen innerem und äußerem Winkel wird das Licht schwächer. Sehr schmale Übergänge erfordern CPU-Rendering.",
+  "render.spot_help": "Die Winkel werden von der Abstrahlrichtung aus gemessen. Zwischen innerem und äußerem Winkel wird das Licht schwächer.",
+  "render.spot_inner": "Innerer Halbwinkel",
+  "render.spot_outer": "Äußerer Halbwinkel",
  "render.stage_frame": "Bildausschnitt",
  "render.stage_layout.appearance_note": "Zum Anwenden auf die Auswahl klicken.",
  "render.stage_layout.studio_note": "Vor dem Anwenden zur Prüfung klicken.",
@@ -3869,6 +4018,7 @@
  "render.stage_panels.extent": "Ausdehnung",
  "render.stage_panels.fit_save": "Einpassen und speichern",
  "render.stage_panels.gpu_required": "Benötigt GPU-Pfadverfolgung",
+  "render.stage_panels.grain_angle": "Maserungswinkel",
  "render.stage_panels.keep": "Behalten",
  "render.stage_panels.kept": "Beibehalten",
  "render.stage_panels.kept_fields": "Kamera, Abtastung, Abmessungen, optische Bindungen, CAD-Geometrie und technische Eigenschaften.",
@@ -3882,7 +4032,7 @@
  "render.stage_panels.prepare_plan": "Erstellungsplan vorbereiten",
  "render.stage_panels.projects": "Projiziert",
  "render.stage_panels.quality_ack": "Ich bestätige das feste Budget und seine Auslassungen",
-  "render.stage_panels.quality_omissions": "Adaptives Stoppen und Fehlerziele, separate Transmissionstiefe, Russian-Roulette-Regeln, lineare Rohausgabe, EXR-Master und Konvergenznachweis.",
+  "render.stage_panels.quality_omissions": "Dieses Budget legt keine adaptiven Fehlerziele, eigenen Transmissionsgrenzen, Russian-Roulette-Regeln oder Speicherung des linearen Masters fest und garantiert keine Konvergenz.",
  "render.stage_panels.reference": "Referenz",
  "render.stage_panels.references": "Referenzen",
  "render.stage_panels.remove_optics": "Optik entfernen",
@@ -3926,7 +4076,7 @@
  "render.stage_panels.subtitle_environment": "Originale HDR-Umgebung · gesamte Szene",
  "render.stage_panels.subtitle_maps": "Erstellte räumliche Texturen · temporäre Vorschau",
  "render.stage_panels.subtitle_physical": "Schreibgeschützter Plan · kein Material erstellt oder zugewiesen",
-  "render.stage_panels.subtitle_quality": "Festes GPU-Budget · zukünftige Anforderungen ausgelassen",
+  "render.stage_panels.subtitle_quality": "GPU-Abtastbudget · nur aufgeführte Einstellungen",
  "render.stage_panels.subtitle_rig": "Erstellter Lichtaufbau · Lichtquellen und passive Flächen",
  "render.stage_panels.subtitle_saved_maps": "Erstellte Texturen · mit dieser Aufnahme gespeichert",
  "render.stage_panels.subtitle_stage": "Physischer Boden und Bühne · an das Produkt angepasst",
@@ -3951,7 +4101,7 @@
  "render.studio_area_help": "Bis zu vier einseitige Rechtecke. Orthogonale Halbkanten U und V bestimmen die Größe; U × V zeigt zur beleuchteten Seite. Die Koordinaten sind Weltmillimeter.",
  "render.studio_center": "Mittelpunkt X, Y, Z (mm)",
  "render.studio_denoise": "Rauschen im fertigen Bild reduzieren",
-  "render.studio_denoise_help": "Abschließender kantenerhaltender Filter; feine Details können weicher werden. Glas und scharfe spiegelnde Oberflächen umgehen den Filter.",
+  "render.studio_denoise_help": "Kantenerhaltender Filter für progressive und fertige Bilder; feine Details können weicher werden. Glas und scharfe spiegelnde Oberflächen umgehen den Filter.",
  "render.studio_direction": "Richtung zur Sonne (X, Y, Z)",
  "render.studio_environment": "Umgebung",
  "render.studio_environment_bounds": "Die Umgebungsdrehung muss endlich und innerhalb von ±1.000.000 Radiant liegen, die Intensität zwischen 0 und 100.",
@@ -3987,6 +4137,19 @@
  "render.subsurface_enable": "Random Walk für innere Streuung",
  "render.subsurface_help": "Nur für geschlossene Dielektrika. Streuung und RGB-Absorption sind getrennte Koeffizienten pro mm. Pfade streuen innerhalb der tatsächlichen Geometrie und werden dann an der Grenzfläche gebrochen oder reflektiert. Deaktivieren Sie die Transmission gerader Schattenstrahlen, das Entrauschen von Oberflächen und das äußere Volumen; verwenden Sie eine Fresnel-Schicht. Kein Diffusions-Shader, kein Dichtegitter und kein gemessenes Material. Dichte Medien können mehr Samples und Pfadtiefe benötigen.",
  "render.subsurface_rate": "Streukollisionsrate",
+  "render.surface_import.author": "Autor",
+  "render.surface_import.busy": "Bild wird importiert…",
+  "render.surface_import.complete": "Wählen Sie ein Bild und geben Sie Autor, Quelle und Lizenz an.",
+  "render.surface_import.embedded": "Importiertes Bild",
+  "render.surface_import.failed": "Der Bildimport wurde nicht abgeschlossen.",
+  "render.surface_import.license": "Lizenz / Eigentum",
+  "render.surface_import.raytrace_required": "Bilder erfordern CPU- oder GPU-Raytracing. Wählen Sie es unter Ausgabe.",
+  "render.surface_import.repeat_u": "Wiederholung U",
+  "render.surface_import.repeat_v": "Wiederholung V",
+  "render.surface_import.save": "Bild am Körper speichern",
+  "render.surface_import.saved_cpu": "Speichern Sie Texturen für das CPU-Rendering.",
+  "render.surface_import.source": "Quelle",
+  "render.surface_import.title": "Bild importieren",
  "render.tone_aces_fitted": "ACES angepasst",
  "render.tone_reinhard": "Reinhard",
  "render.transmission_scope": "GPU-Glas unterstützt zertifizierte getrennte Medien. Unbeschränkt verschachtelte Medien und ein rauschfreier Transmissionsschätzer werden nicht bereitgestellt.",
@@ -4031,11 +4194,15 @@
  "render.use_preview": "Integrierte Vorschau verwenden",
  "render.volume_albedo": "Streualbedo · lineares RGB",
  "render.volume_anisotropy": "Mittlerer Phasenkosinus",
+  "render.volume_denoise_required": "Für Atmosphäre die Rauschreduzierung ausschalten.",
  "render.volume_enable": "Teilnehmendes Medium aktivieren",
  "render.volume_extinction": "Extinktionskoeffizient",
+  "render.volume_glass_required": "Atmosphäre und Glas können in dieser Einstellung nicht kombiniert werden.",
  "render.volume_help": "GPU-Transport innerhalb einer endlichen Box, mit Beer-Lambert-Abschwächung und HG-Streuung auf Kamera- und indirekten Pfaden. Verwendet ausdrückliche Studio-, HDR- und Himmelsbeleuchtung einschließlich Schattenabschwächung. Ein positiver Phasenkosinus streut nach vorn. Glasgrenzflächen und Oberflächenentrauschen müssen ausdrücklich deaktiviert werden. Extinktion null lässt den Transport unverändert. Keine physikalische Mondatmosphäre, kein Dichtegitter, keine Volumenemission, kein spektraler Transport und keine zertifizierte Materialeigenschaft.",
+  "render.volume_lighting_required": "Für Atmosphäre eine Umgebung oder ein eigenes Lichtrig wählen.",
  "render.volume_max": "Obere Grenzen · Weltkoordinaten (mm)",
  "render.volume_min": "Untere Grenzen · Weltkoordinaten (mm)",
+  "render.volume_single_stratum_required": "Für Atmosphäre ein Transmissionssample verwenden.",
  "render.volume_title": "Begrenztes homogenes Volumen",
  "render.wait_add_light": "Noch nicht unterstützt: benannte Lichtquellen erstellen",
  "render.wait_batch": "Noch nicht unterstützt: Renderwarteschlange gespeicherter Aufnahmen",
@@ -4063,6 +4230,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Beispielplatte",
  "sample.vents.about": "Langlöcher in einem Rechteckmuster: Zeilen, Spalten und Abstand sind Parameter",
  "sample.vents.name": "Lüftungsplatte",
+  "scale.per_axis": "Je Achse",
+  "scale.uniform": "Gleichmäßig",
  "search.command_keys": "Eingabe ausführen     Umschalt+Eingabe ausführen und offen lassen     Esc schließen",
  "search.commands": "Befehle",
  "search.design": "In diesem Design",
@@ -4705,6 +4874,7 @@
  "ui.click_selects_whole_bodies": "Klick wählt ganze Körper aus",
  "ui.click_then_press_key": "Klicken, dann die neue Taste drücken",
  "ui.close": "Schließen",
+  "ui.close_tab": "Tab schließen",
  "ui.coil": "Schraube",
  "ui.coincident": "Koinzident",
  "ui.collapse": "Einklappen",
@@ -4920,6 +5090,11 @@
  "ui.factor": "Faktor",
  "ui.fade": "Auslauf",
  "ui.fade_length": "Auslauflänge",
+  "ui.fair_iterations": "Iterationen",
+  "ui.fair_keep_edges": "Kanten behalten",
+  "ui.fair_strength": "Stärke",
+  "ui.fair_surface_title": "FLÄCHENBEGRADIGUNG",
+  "ui.fair_tolerance_default": "0,001 der Körpergröße",
  "ui.feature_history": "Feature-Verlauf",
  "ui.feature_options": "Funktionsoptionen",
  "ui.features": "Funktionen",
@@ -5102,6 +5277,7 @@
  "ui.inspect": "Prüfen",
  "ui.instances": "Instanzen",
  "ui.intersect": "Schnitt",
+  "ui.intersection_curve_second_pick": "Schnittkurve: zweite Fläche oder Kurve anklicken (Rechtsklick zum Neubeginn)",
  "ui.isolate": "Isolieren",
  "ui.join": "Verbinden",
  "ui.joint_play": "▶ Abspielen",
@@ -5129,6 +5305,7 @@
  "ui.manipulator_free_alt": "Freies Ziehen des Manipulators auch mit Alt/Option",
  "ui.manipulator_free_alt_tip": "An: Alt/Option oder Strg/Cmd auf Extrusions-/Gizmo-Pfeilen deaktiviert das Einrasten von Werten. Aus: nur Strg/Cmd.",
  "ui.manufacture": "Fertigung",
+  "ui.match_surface_title": "FLÄCHENANPASSUNG",
  "ui.material_review.axes": "Materiallokale Achsen; keine Körperausrichtung zugewiesen.",
  "ui.material_review.claims": "Quellen und Lizenzen sind ungeprüfte Angaben. Fehlende Werte bleiben unbekannt.",
  "ui.material_review.compressive_strength": "Druckfestigkeit",
@@ -5151,6 +5328,9 @@
  "ui.material_review.title": "Physikalische Materialdaten prüfen",
  "ui.material_review.unknown": "Unbekannt",
  "ui.material_review.yield_strength": "Streckgrenze",
+  "ui.mcp_agents": "Agenten über MCP",
+  "ui.mcp_compact": "Kompakte Ausgabe",
+  "ui.mcp_compact_note": "Für Agenten, die über den MCP-Server (solidcraft-cli mcp) verbunden sind: inspect_design fasst Skizzen zusammen und Werkzeugergebnisse werden nicht formatiert, sodass sie weniger Tokens verbrauchen. Gilt für Agentensitzungen, die nach der Änderung beginnen; --compact oder SOLIDCRAFT_MCP_COMPACT=1 schalten es ebenfalls ein.",
  "ui.measure": "Messen",
  "ui.mesh_format_3mf": "3MF",
  "ui.mesh_format_3mf_tagged": "3MF mit Flächenmarken",
@@ -5192,6 +5372,7 @@
  "ui.options": "Optionen",
  "ui.orbit": "Drehen",
  "ui.orbit_around": "Umkreisen um",
+  "ui.organize": "Organisieren",
  "ui.orientation": "Ausrichtung",
  "ui.origin": "Ursprung",
  "ui.palette_construction_mode": "Konstruktionsmodus (X)",
@@ -5199,6 +5380,65 @@
  "ui.palette_sketch_options": "Skizzenoptionen",
  "ui.pan": "Verschieben",
  "ui.pan_zoom_orbit": "Verschieben, zoomen, umkreisen",
+  "ui.panel_fixture.apply": "Anwenden",
+  "ui.panel_fixture.cancel": "Abbrechen",
+  "ui.panel_fixture.caption": "Synthetisches Panelmuster",
+  "ui.panel_fixture.draft": "Beibehaltener Entwurf",
+  "ui.panel_fixture.editor": "Mustereditor",
+  "ui.panel_fixture.explanation": "Dieser synthetische Inhalt behält seinen Entwurf beim Ausblenden oder Verschieben.",
+  "ui.panel_fixture.fill": "Füllendes Muster",
+  "ui.panel_fixture.finish": "Abschließen",
+  "ui.panel_fixture.finished": "Synthetische Transaktion beendet",
+  "ui.panel_fixture.footer": "Musteraktionen lassen den Entwurf unverändert.",
+  "ui.panel_fixture.guard": "Abbruch bei laufender Transaktion verweigern",
+  "ui.panel_fixture.inline": "Einzeiliges Muster",
+  "ui.panel_fixture.live": "Synthetische Transaktion läuft",
+  "ui.panel_fixture.log": "Musterprotokoll",
+  "ui.panel_fixture.pin": "Angeheftetes Muster",
+  "ui.panel_fixture.title": "{title} · {id}",
+  "ui.panel_fixture.updates": "Dienstaktualisierungen: {count}",
+  "ui.panel_host.attention": "Aufmerksamkeit erforderlich",
+  "ui.panel_host.bottom": "Unten",
+  "ui.panel_host.close": "Panel schließen",
+  "ui.panel_host.collapse": "Panel einklappen",
+  "ui.panel_host.expand": "Panel ausklappen",
+  "ui.panel_host.floating": "Schwebend",
+  "ui.panel_host.focus": "Panel fokussieren",
+  "ui.panel_host.focus_target": "{title} fokussieren",
+  "ui.panel_host.header": "Panelkopf",
+  "ui.panel_host.join": "Tabs verbinden",
+  "ui.panel_host.join_target": "Tabs mit {title} verbinden",
+  "ui.panel_host.left": "Links",
+  "ui.panel_host.menu": "Panelaktionen",
+  "ui.panel_host.move": "Verschieben nach",
+  "ui.panel_host.overflow": "Weitere Panels",
+  "ui.panel_host.popout": "In einem Fenster öffnen",
+  "ui.panel_host.resize": "Panelgröße ändern",
+  "ui.panel_host.right": "Rechts",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.availability": "Dieses Panel ist nicht verfügbar.",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.bounds": "Die Panels passen nicht in ihre Größenbegrenzungen.",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.capability": "Dieser Host unterstützt diese Aktion nicht.",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.collection_limit": "Das Panellayout hat seine Grenze erreicht.",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.duplicate_id": "Diese Panelkennung wird bereits verwendet.",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.exactly_once": "Jedes Panel muss einmal erscheinen.",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.feature_disabled": "Diese Aktion ist für dieses Panel deaktiviert.",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.id": "Die Panelkennung ist ungültig.",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.incompatible_tabs": "Diese Panels können keine Tabgruppe teilen.",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.lifecycle": "Das Panel konnte diese Aktion nicht abschließen.",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.missing_target": "Dieses Panelziel ist nicht mehr verfügbar.",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.no_space": "Für dieses Panellayout ist kein Platz.",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.pin_conflict": "An dieser Kante ist bereits ein anderes Panel angeheftet.",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.pin_order": "Ein angeheftetes Panel muss an seiner Kante zuerst bleiben.",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.placement": "Dieses Panel kann nicht an diese Position verschoben werden.",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.revision": "Das Layout wurde geändert. Versuchen Sie die Aktion erneut.",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.schema": "Die Panelanfrage ist ungültig.",
+  "ui.panel_host.rule.version": "Diese Panellayoutversion wird nicht unterstützt.",
+  "ui.panel_host.sash": "Benachbarte Panels skalieren",
+  "ui.panel_host.scroll_horizontal": "Panelspalten scrollen",
+  "ui.panel_host.scroll_vertical": "Panelstapel scrollen",
+  "ui.panel_host.surface": "Panel",
+  "ui.panel_host.tab": "Paneltab",
+  "ui.panel_host.tabs": "Alle Tabs",
  "ui.parallel": "Parallel",
  "ui.parameters": "Parameter",
  "ui.part_size_needs_a_part": "Wählen Sie ein eingefügtes Standardbauteil (Schraube, Mutter, Scheibe oder Stift) aus, um seine Größe zu ändern. Einen Körper vergrößern oder verkleinern Sie mit Skalieren.",
@@ -5236,6 +5476,7 @@
  "ui.point_cloud_add_filter": "Filter hinzufügen…",
  "ui.point_cloud_auto_range": "Bereich automatisch",
  "ui.point_cloud_color_by": "Färben nach",
+  "ui.point_cloud_dots": "Einzelpunkte",
  "ui.point_cloud_file_colors": "Farben der Datei",
  "ui.point_cloud_filter_by": "Filtern nach",
  "ui.point_cloud_height_high": "Oberste Höhe",
@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@
  "render.aging_metallic": "Layer metallic fraction",
  "render.aging_origin": "Field origin · world mm",
  "render.aging_patina": "Copper-green patina",
+  "render.aging_raytrace_help": "Ageing is applied by CPU ray tracing and GPU path tracing. Raster keeps schematic rendering.",
  "render.aging_refresh_targets": "Inspect current bodies",
  "render.aging_roughness": "Layer roughness",
  "render.aging_rust": "Oxidized iron / rust",
@@ -235,6 +236,8 @@
  "render.studio_area_help": "Up to four one-sided rectangles. Orthogonal half-edges U and V define size; U × V faces the lit side. Coordinates are world-space millimetres.",
  "render.studio_center": "Centre X, Y, Z (mm)",
  "render.studio_hdr_help": "Radiance .hdr, 2:1 panorama, up to 2048 × 1024. EXR is unavailable. The colour assumption applies only when primaries are unspecified.",
+  "render.surface_import.complete": "Choose an image and enter its author, source and licence.",
+  "render.surface_import.license": "Licence / ownership",
  "sketch.hint.arc.center_point": "Arc: click centre and start, go round either way and click the end, or type a signed sweep",
  "sketch.hint.circle.center": "Circle: click the centre, then a point on the circle",
  "sketch.hint.constraint.midpoint": "MidPoint: pick a point and a line, or two lines to centre the second on the first",
@@ -266,6 +269,7 @@
  "ui.layout_compact": "Compact",
  "ui.layout_floating": "Floating",
  "ui.material_review.claims": "Sources and licences are unverified claims. Missing values remain unknown.",
+  "ui.organize": "Organise",
  "ui.point_cloud_color_by": "Colour By",
  "ui.point_cloud_file_colors": "File Colours",
  "ui.point_cloud_no_file_colors": "The file has no colours",
@@ -1392,6 +1392,7 @@
  "dialog.computing": "Calculando… {seconds} s",
  "dialog.could_not_be_checked": "no se pudo comprobar",
  "dialog.custom_axis": "↖ Eje personalizado",
+  "dialog.cylinder_face_tip": "La cara o el vértice del modelo sobre el que se apoya el cilindro: haz clic aquí y después haz clic en él en la vista. Si se deja vacío, lo colocan X, Y y Z.",
  "dialog.dimension_insert_hint": "Haga doble clic en otra cota de control para insertar su nombre",
  "dialog.dimension_name": "Cota: {name}",
  "dialog.dimension_step_down": "Bajar {step}",
@@ -1400,6 +1401,8 @@
  "dialog.edit_title": "EDITAR {title}",
  "dialog.no_shown_body": "No hay cuerpo mostrado para cambiar: muestra uno, o elige Nuevo cuerpo",
  "dialog.pattern_sketch_not_object": "Selecciona cuerpos o operaciones: un boceto no es ninguno. Repite sus curvas con el Patrón o Espejo del propio boceto, o extrúdelas primero.",
+  "dialog.primitive_point_tip": "Un punto que rellena X, Y y Z: haz clic aquí y después en un vértice, una arista o una cara del modelo, en un punto de un boceto o en el origen.",
+  "dialog.reference_edge_tip": "Una arista recta de la cara elegida desde la que se mide la distancia de abajo: haz clic aquí y después en la arista.",
  "dialog.select": "↖ Seleccionar",
  "dialog.selected_count": "↖ {count} seleccionados",
  "dialog.selection_constraint": "Restricción {id}",
@@ -2346,6 +2349,8 @@
  "prefs.edges": "Aristas y sombreado",
  "prefs.extend": "Extensiones",
  "prefs.extra_navigation": "Ctrl + arrastrar con el botón izquierdo sobre un espacio vacío orbita; mantén Espacio para desplazar.",
+  "prefs.extrude_arrow_face_stops": "La flecha de Extruir se detiene en las caras",
+  "prefs.extrude_arrow_face_stops_note": "Al arrastrar la flecha de distancia de Extruir, se detiene en las caras planas paralelas al perfil, como el lado opuesto de un bloque que se corta, y resalta la cara. Desactivado: la flecha solo avanza en pasos redondos.",
  "prefs.extrude_view_isometric": "Girar la vista a isométrica al abrir Extrusión",
  "prefs.extrude_view_return": "Volver a la vista anterior al cerrar Extrusión",
  "prefs.follows_os": "Sigue al sistema operativo",
@@ -2470,6 +2475,8 @@
  "prefs.mouse": "Ratón y panel táctil",
  "prefs.mouse_heading": "Ratón",
  "prefs.mouse_mapping": "Asignación del ratón",
+  "prefs.move_drag_highlights": "Resaltar lo que hay bajo el puntero mientras las flechas de Mover arrastran un componente",
+  "prefs.move_drag_highlights_tip": "Desactivado: mientras las flechas de Mover arrastran un componente no se resalta nada bajo el puntero, y los ensamblajes grandes se mueven con fluidez. Con un corte o un análisis visible se resalta igualmente, y una pieza arrastrada a lo largo de sus uniones nunca lo resalta.",
  "prefs.navigation": "Navegación",
  "prefs.navigation.axes_signed": "Ejes",
  "prefs.navigation.cube_compact": "Cubo",
@@ -3042,6 +3049,8 @@
  "render.cpu_lighting": "Preajuste de iluminación",
  "render.cpu_lights": "Luces CPU",
  "render.cpu_linear_color": "Color lineal (R, G, B)",
+  "render.cpu_maps_saved_help": "Los renders CPU pueden usar mapas opacos guardados: elige una superficie y guarda sus mapas en la toma. Con Iluminación indirecta, otro cuerpo puede usar Vidrio; el cuerpo con mapas no puede usar Vidrio. Desactiva los reflejos seleccionados, la anisotropía y los efectos procedurales. Las rutas temporales de archivos de mapas usan GPU.",
+  "render.cpu_material_certification": "La comprobación de CPU valida la geometría de vidrio admitida antes de renderizar. El vidrio cerrado usa la distancia geométrica.",
  "render.cpu_neutral": "Neutro",
  "render.cpu_opaque_required": "El trazado CPU requiere un fondo opaco. Desactiva Fondo transparente para continuar.",
  "render.cpu_options_pending": "Este panel CPU todavía no puede editar emisión, efectos de superficie, vidrio ni anisotropía. Borra esas opciones de la API antes de usarlo.",
@@ -4076,6 +4085,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Placa de ejemplo",
  "sample.vents.about": "Ranuras en un patrón rectangular: las filas, las columnas y el paso son parámetros",
  "sample.vents.name": "Placa de ventilación",
+  "scale.per_axis": "Por eje",
+  "scale.uniform": "Uniforme",
  "search.command_keys": "Intro ejecutar     Mayús+Intro ejecutar y mantener abierto     Esc cerrar",
  "search.commands": "Comandos",
  "search.design": "En este diseño",
@@ -4747,6 +4758,7 @@
  "ui.click_selects_whole_bodies": "Un clic selecciona cuerpos completos",
  "ui.click_then_press_key": "Haz clic y pulsa la nueva tecla",
  "ui.close": "Cerrar",
+  "ui.close_tab": "Cerrar pestaña",
  "ui.coil": "Hélice",
  "ui.coincident": "Coincidente",
  "ui.collapse": "Contraer",
@@ -4077,6 +4077,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Esimerkkilevy",
  "sample.vents.about": "Urat suorakulmaisessa kuviossa: rivit, sarakkeet ja jako ovat parametreja",
  "sample.vents.name": "Tuuletuslevy",
+  "scale.per_axis": "Akseleittain",
+  "scale.uniform": "Tasainen",
  "search.command_keys": "Enter suorita     Shift+Enter suorita ja pidä auki     Esc sulje",
  "search.commands": "Komennot",
  "search.design": "Tässä mallissa",
@@ -1363,11 +1363,14 @@
  "dialog.computing": "Calcul… {seconds} s",
  "dialog.could_not_be_checked": "non vérifiable",
  "dialog.custom_axis": "↖ Axe personnalisé",
+  "dialog.cylinder_face_tip": "La face ou le sommet du modèle sur lequel le cylindre est posé : cliquer ici, puis dessus dans la vue. Laissé vide, X, Y et Z le placent.",
  "dialog.dimension_insert_hint": "Double-cliquez sur une autre cote pilotante pour insérer son nom",
  "dialog.dimension_name": "Cote : {name}",
  "dialog.edit_title": "MODIFIER {title}",
  "dialog.no_shown_body": "Aucun corps affiché à modifier : affichez-en un ou choisissez Nouveau corps",
  "dialog.pattern_sketch_not_object": "Choisissez des corps ou des fonctions : une esquisse n'est ni l'un ni l'autre. Répétez ses courbes avec la Répétition ou la Symétrie de l'esquisse, ou extrudez-la d'abord.",
+  "dialog.primitive_point_tip": "Un point qui remplit X, Y et Z : cliquer ici, puis sur un sommet, une arête ou une face du modèle, sur un point d'une esquisse ou sur l'origine.",
+  "dialog.reference_edge_tip": "Une arête droite de la face choisie, depuis laquelle la distance ci-dessous est mesurée : cliquer ici, puis sur l'arête.",
  "dialog.select": "↖ Sélectionner",
  "dialog.selected_count": "↖ {count} sélectionné(s)",
  "dialog.selection_constraint": "Contrainte {id}",
@@ -1621,7 +1624,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Lit les tracés d'un dessin SVG dans une esquisse, mis à l'échelle, tournés et placés comme vous le définissez. À utiliser pour transformer un logo ou un contour vectoriel en courbes que vous pouvez extruder.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Ouvre un rapport sur l'esquisse ouverte : combien de degrés de liberté il reste et si elle est entièrement contrainte. À utiliser pour savoir ce qui bouge encore avant de terminer l'esquisse.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Ajoute les courbes ou points où des corps, faces, arêtes ou d'autres esquisses traversent le plan d'esquisse. Ils restent liés et suivent le modèle lorsqu'il change.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Crée des courbes 3D là où deux corps ou faces se rencontrent, liées à eux. À utiliser comme trajectoires ou rails guides qui suivent le modèle.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Crée des courbes 3D là où deux corps, faces ou courbes d'autres esquisses se rencontrent, liées à eux. À utiliser comme trajectoires ou rails guides qui suivent le modèle.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "Crée une courbe 3D le long de la direction U ou V d'une face, par un point que vous choisissez, liée à la face. À utiliser comme trajectoire ou ligne de partage qui suit la surface.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Dessine des lignes connectées point par point, en chaîne ouverte ou en contour fermé. C'est l'outil de base de la plupart des profils.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Dessine une ligne de son milieu vers une extrémité, l'autre extrémité étant son symétrique. À utiliser pour des lignes centrées sur un point, comme une arête symétrique.",
@@ -2198,6 +2201,8 @@
  "prefs.edges": "Arêtes et ombrage",
  "prefs.extend": "Étendre",
  "prefs.extra_navigation": "Ctrl+glisser gauche dans le vide fait orbiter ; maintenir Espace pour un panoramique.",
+  "prefs.extrude_arrow_face_stops": "La flèche d'extrusion s'arrête aux faces",
+  "prefs.extrude_arrow_face_stops_note": "En faisant glisser la flèche de distance d'Extrusion, elle s'arrête aux faces planes parallèles au profil, comme l'autre côté d'un bloc qu'on découpe, et souligne la face. Désactivé : la flèche avance seulement par pas ronds.",
  "prefs.extrude_view_isometric": "Passer la vue en isométrique à l'ouverture de l'extrusion",
  "prefs.extrude_view_return": "Revenir à la vue précédente à la fermeture de l'extrusion",
  "prefs.follows_os": "Suit le système",
@@ -2277,6 +2282,8 @@
  "prefs.mouse": "Souris et pavé tactile",
  "prefs.mouse_heading": "Souris",
  "prefs.mouse_mapping": "Affectation des boutons de la souris",
+  "prefs.move_drag_highlights": "Mettre en évidence ce qui est sous le pointeur pendant que les flèches de Déplacer font glisser un composant",
+  "prefs.move_drag_highlights_tip": "Désactivé : pendant que les flèches de Déplacer font glisser un composant, rien n’est mis en évidence sous le pointeur, ce qui garde les grands assemblages fluides. Avec une coupe ou une analyse affichée, la mise en évidence reste, et une pièce glissée le long de ses liaisons n’en montre jamais.",
  "prefs.navigation": "Navigation",
  "prefs.navigation_note": "Comment la souris, le pavé tactile et la souris 3D déplacent la vue.",
  "prefs.navigator_fit": "Cadrer le modèle après un changement de vue du repère de navigation",
@@ -2775,6 +2782,8 @@
  "render.cpu_lighting": "Préréglage d'éclairage",
  "render.cpu_lights": "Lumières CPU",
  "render.cpu_linear_color": "Couleur linéaire (R, V, B)",
+  "render.cpu_maps_saved_help": "Le rendu CPU accepte les cartes opaques enregistrées : choisissez une surface, puis enregistrez ses cartes dans la vue. Avec l’éclairage indirect, un autre corps peut utiliser Verre ; le corps avec les cartes ne le peut pas. Désactivez les réflexions sélectionnées, l’anisotropie et les effets procéduraux. Les fichiers temporaires de cartes utilisent le GPU.",
+  "render.cpu_material_certification": "La vérification CPU valide la géométrie de verre prise en charge avant le rendu. Le verre fermé utilise la distance géométrique.",
  "render.cpu_neutral": "Neutre",
  "render.cpu_opaque_required": "Le lancer de rayons CPU nécessite un arrière-plan opaque. Décochez Arrière-plan transparent pour continuer.",
  "render.cpu_options_pending": "Ce panneau CPU ne peut pas encore modifier l'émission, les effets de surface, le verre ni l'anisotropie. Effacez ces options d'API avant de l'utiliser.",
@@ -2999,9 +3008,11 @@
  "render.frame_wide": "16:9 · Écran large",
  "render.gpu_depth": "Profondeur maximale des chemins",
  "render.gpu_options_help": "Les échantillons, la profondeur, la graine et l'exposition sont enregistrés avec ce préréglage. Seule la méthode d'image active est enregistrée.",
+  "render.gpu_path_crashed": "SolidCraft s’est fermé pendant sa dernière préparation sur cet adaptateur graphique, très probablement dans le pilote graphique ; il n’est donc plus préparé de lui-même. Utilisez le lancer de rayons sur le CPU, ou réessayez (une mise à jour du pilote réessaie aussi).",
  "render.gpu_path_failed": "Traceur de chemins GPU indisponible",
  "render.gpu_path_first_setup": "La première initialisation sur ce GPU peut prendre plusieurs minutes ; SolidCraft reste utilisable pendant ce temps. Les démarrages suivants réutilisent les shaders compilés lorsque le pilote les conserve.",
  "render.gpu_path_preparing": "Traceur de chemins GPU : compilation des shaders…",
+  "render.gpu_path_retry": "Réessayer",
  "render.gpu_seed": "Graine aléatoire",
  "render.gpu_unavailable": "Le tracé de chemins GPU n'est pas prêt sur cet appareil.",
  "render.ground_apply": "Ajuster et enregistrer le sol",
@@ -3809,6 +3820,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Plaque d'exemple",
  "sample.vents.about": "Rainures en répétition rectangulaire : lignes, colonnes et pas sont des paramètres",
  "sample.vents.name": "Plaque d'aération",
+  "scale.per_axis": "Par axe",
+  "scale.uniform": "Uniforme",
  "search.command_keys": "Entrée exécuter     Maj+Entrée exécuter et garder ouvert     Échap fermer",
  "search.commands": "Commandes",
  "search.design": "Dans cette conception",
@@ -4438,6 +4451,7 @@
  "ui.click_selects_whole_bodies": "Un clic sélectionne des corps entiers",
  "ui.click_then_press_key": "Cliquer, puis appuyer sur la nouvelle touche",
  "ui.close": "Fermer",
+  "ui.close_tab": "Fermer l’onglet",
  "ui.coil": "Hélice",
  "ui.coincident": "Coïncidence",
  "ui.collapse": "Réduire",
@@ -4921,6 +4935,7 @@
  "ui.point_cloud_add_filter": "Ajouter un filtre…",
  "ui.point_cloud_auto_range": "Plage automatique",
  "ui.point_cloud_color_by": "Colorer par",
+  "ui.point_cloud_dots": "Points isolés",
  "ui.point_cloud_file_colors": "Couleurs du fichier",
  "ui.point_cloud_filter_by": "Filtrer par",
  "ui.point_cloud_height_high": "Plus haut",
@@ -1621,7 +1621,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Le os trazados dun debuxo SVG nun bosquexo, escalados, xirados e colocados onde indiques. Úsao para converter un logotipo ou un contorno vectorial en curvas que podes extruír.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Abre un informe do bosquexo aberto: cantos graos de liberdade quedan e se está totalmente restrinxido. Úsao para saber o que aínda se move antes de rematar o bosquexo.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Engade as curvas ou os puntos onde corpos, caras, arestas ou outros bosquexos cruzan o plano do bosquexo. Quedan ligados e seguen o modelo cando cambia.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Crea curvas 3D onde se atopan dous corpos ou caras, ligadas a eles. Úsaas como traxectorias ou guías que seguen o modelo.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Crea curvas 3D onde se atopan dous corpos, caras ou curvas doutros bosquexos, ligadas a eles. Úsaas como traxectorias ou guías que seguen o modelo.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "Crea unha curva 3D na dirección U ou V dunha cara por un punto que escollas, ligada á cara. Úsaa como traxectoria ou liña de división que segue a superficie.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Debuxa liñas conectadas punto a punto, como cadea aberta ou como contorno pechado. É a ferramenta básica para a maioría dos perfís.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Debuxa unha liña desde o seu punto medio ata un extremo, co outro extremo reflectido. Úsao para liñas centradas nun punto, como unha aresta simétrica.",
@@ -3807,6 +3807,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Placa de exemplo",
  "sample.vents.about": "Ranuras nun patrón rectangular: filas, columnas e paso son parámetros",
  "sample.vents.name": "Placa de ventilación",
+  "scale.per_axis": "Por eixo",
+  "scale.uniform": "Uniforme",
  "search.command_keys": "Intro executar     Maiús+Intro executar e manter aberto     Esc pechar",
  "search.commands": "Ordes",
  "search.design": "Neste deseño",
@@ -1621,7 +1621,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Čita putanje SVG crteža u skicu, skalirane, zakrenute i postavljene kako zadate. Upotrijebite ga za pretvaranje logotipa ili vektorskog obrisa u krivulje koje možete ekstrudirati.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Otvara izvješće o otvorenoj skici: koliko je stupnjeva slobode preostalo i je li potpuno ograničena. Upotrijebite ga kako biste saznali što se još pomiče prije dovršetka skice.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Dodaje krivulje ili točke u kojima tijela, lica, bridovi ili druge skice presijecaju ravninu skice. Ostaju povezane i prate model kad se promijeni.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Izrađuje 3D krivulje na mjestu gdje se dva tijela ili lica susreću, povezane s njima. Upotrijebite ih kao putanje ili vodilice koje prate model.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Izrađuje 3D krivulje na mjestu gdje se dva tijela, lica ili krivulje drugih skica susreću, povezane s njima. Upotrijebite ih kao putanje ili vodilice koje prate model.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "Izrađuje 3D krivulju u smjeru U ili V lica kroz točku koju odaberete, povezanu s licem. Upotrijebite je kao putanju ili liniju razdvajanja koja prati plohu.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Crta povezane linije točku po točku, kao otvoreni lanac ili zatvoreni obris. To je osnovni alat za većinu profila.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Crta liniju od njezine središnje točke do jednog kraja, a drugi kraj zrcali. Upotrijebite ga za linije centrirane na točku, primjerice simetričan brid.",
@@ -1621,7 +1621,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Beolvassa egy SVG-rajz útvonalait egy vázlatba, az Ön által megadott léptékkel, elforgatással és helyen. Használja egy logó vagy vektoros körvonal kihúzható görbékké alakítására.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Jelentést nyit a megnyitott vázlatról: hány szabadságfok maradt, és teljesen kényszerezett-e. Használja annak kiderítésére, mi mozdul még, mielőtt befejezi a vázlatot.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Hozzáadja azokat a görbéket vagy pontokat, ahol testek, lapok, élek vagy más vázlatok metszik a vázlatsíkot. Kapcsoltak maradnak, és követik a modellt, ha az megváltozik.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "3D görbéket hoz létre ott, ahol két test vagy lap találkozik, hozzájuk kapcsolva. Használja őket útvonalként vagy vezérgörbeként, amely követi a modellt.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "3D görbéket hoz létre ott, ahol két test, lap vagy más vázlatok görbéi találkozik, hozzájuk kapcsolva. Használja őket útvonalként vagy vezérgörbeként, amely követi a modellt.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "3D görbét hoz létre egy lap U vagy V iránya mentén egy kiválasztott ponton át, a laphoz kapcsolva. Használja útvonalként vagy osztóvonalként, amely követi a felületet.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Összefüggő vonalakat rajzol pontról pontra, nyitott láncként vagy zárt körvonalként. Ez a legtöbb profil alapeszköze.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Vonalat rajzol a felezőpontjától az egyik végéig, a másik véget tükrözve. Használja egy pontra középen álló vonalakhoz, például szimmetrikus élhez.",
@@ -3807,6 +3807,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Mintalemez",
  "sample.vents.about": "Hornyok téglalap mintában: a sorok, oszlopok és osztás paraméterek",
  "sample.vents.name": "Szellőzőlemez",
+  "scale.per_axis": "Tengelyenként",
+  "scale.uniform": "Egyenletes",
  "search.command_keys": "Enter futtatás     Shift+Enter futtatás és nyitva tartás     Esc bezárás",
  "search.commands": "Parancsok",
  "search.design": "Ebben a tervben",
@@ -1621,7 +1621,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Membaca path gambar SVG ke dalam sketsa, diskalakan, diputar, dan ditempatkan sesuai pengaturan Anda. Gunakan untuk mengubah logo atau kontur vektor menjadi kurva yang dapat diekstrusi.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Membuka laporan tentang sketsa yang terbuka: berapa derajat kebebasan yang tersisa dan apakah sketsa terbatasi penuh. Gunakan untuk mengetahui apa yang masih bergerak sebelum Anda menyelesaikan sketsa.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Menambahkan kurva atau titik tempat bodi, muka, tepi, atau sketsa lain memotong bidang sketsa. Semuanya tetap tertaut dan mengikuti model saat model berubah.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Membuat kurva 3D di tempat dua bodi atau muka bertemu, tertaut padanya. Gunakan sebagai jalur atau rel pemandu yang mengikuti model.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Membuat kurva 3D di tempat dua bodi, muka, atau kurva sketsa lain bertemu, tertaut padanya. Gunakan sebagai jalur atau rel pemandu yang mengikuti model.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "Membuat kurva 3D sepanjang arah U atau V sebuah muka melalui titik yang Anda pilih, tertaut ke muka itu. Gunakan sebagai jalur atau garis pisah yang mengikuti permukaan.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Menggambar garis-garis tersambung titik demi titik, sebagai rantai terbuka atau kontur tertutup. Ini alat dasar untuk sebagian besar profil.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Menggambar garis dari titik tengahnya ke satu ujung, dengan ujung lainnya dicerminkan. Gunakan untuk garis yang dipusatkan pada sebuah titik, seperti tepi simetris.",
@@ -3807,6 +3807,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Pelat Contoh",
  "sample.vents.about": "Slot dalam pola persegi panjang: baris, kolom, dan pitch adalah parameter",
  "sample.vents.name": "Pelat Ventilasi",
+  "scale.per_axis": "Per sumbu",
+  "scale.uniform": "Seragam",
  "search.command_keys": "Enter jalankan     Shift+Enter jalankan dan tetap buka     Esc tutup",
  "search.commands": "Perintah",
  "search.design": "Di desain ini",
@@ -1364,11 +1364,14 @@
  "dialog.computing": "Calcolo in corso… {seconds} s",
  "dialog.could_not_be_checked": "impossibile verificare",
  "dialog.custom_axis": "↖ Asse personalizzato",
+  "dialog.cylinder_face_tip": "La faccia o il vertice del modello su cui poggia il cilindro: fai clic qui, poi su di esso nella vista. Se resta vuoto, lo posizionano X, Y e Z.",
  "dialog.dimension_insert_hint": "Fai doppio clic su un’altra quota di controllo per inserirne il nome",
  "dialog.dimension_name": "Quota: {name}",
  "dialog.edit_title": "MODIFICA {title}",
  "dialog.no_shown_body": "Nessun corpo visibile da modificare: mostrane uno o scegli Nuovo corpo",
  "dialog.pattern_sketch_not_object": "Seleziona corpi o lavorazioni: uno schizzo non è nessuno dei due. Ripeti le sue curve con Ripetizione o Specchia dello schizzo stesso, oppure estrudilo prima.",
+  "dialog.primitive_point_tip": "Un punto che compila X, Y e Z: fai clic qui, poi su un vertice, uno spigolo o una faccia del modello, su un punto di uno schizzo oppure sull'origine.",
+  "dialog.reference_edge_tip": "Uno spigolo rettilineo della faccia scelta da cui si misura la distanza sotto: fai clic qui, poi sullo spigolo.",
  "dialog.select": "↖ Seleziona",
  "dialog.selected_count": "↖ Selezionati: {count}",
  "dialog.selection_constraint": "Vincolo {id}",
@@ -1622,7 +1625,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Legge i tracciati di un disegno SVG in uno schizzo, scalati, ruotati e posizionati come imposti. Usalo per trasformare un logo o un contorno vettoriale in curve che puoi estrudere.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Apre un rapporto sullo schizzo aperto: quanti gradi di libertà restano e se è completamente vincolato. Usalo per scoprire cosa si muove ancora prima di terminare lo schizzo.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Aggiunge le curve o i punti in cui corpi, facce, spigoli o altri schizzi attraversano il piano dello schizzo. Restano collegati e seguono il modello quando cambia.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Crea curve 3D dove si incontrano due corpi o facce, collegate a essi. Usale come percorsi o guide che seguono il modello.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Crea curve 3D dove si incontrano due corpi, facce o curve di altri schizzi, collegate a essi. Usale come percorsi o guide che seguono il modello.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "Crea una curva 3D lungo la direzione U o V di una faccia passante per un punto che scegli, collegata alla faccia. Usala come percorso o linea di divisione che segue la superficie.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Disegna linee collegate punto per punto, come catena aperta o contorno chiuso. È lo strumento di base per la maggior parte dei profili.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Disegna una linea dal suo punto medio fino a un'estremità, con l'altra estremità speculare. Usalo per linee centrate su un punto, come un bordo simmetrico.",
@@ -3810,6 +3813,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Piastra di esempio",
  "sample.vents.about": "Asole in ripetizione rettangolare: righe, colonne e passo sono parametri",
  "sample.vents.name": "Piastra di ventilazione",
+  "scale.per_axis": "Per asse",
+  "scale.uniform": "Uniforme",
  "search.command_keys": "Invio esegui     Maiusc+Invio esegui e tieni aperto     Esc chiudi",
  "search.commands": "Comandi",
  "search.design": "In questo progetto",
@@ -1621,7 +1621,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Membaca laluan lukisan SVG ke dalam lakaran, diskalakan, diputar dan diletakkan mengikut tetapan anda. Gunakan untuk menukar logo atau garis luar vektor kepada lengkung yang boleh disemperit.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Membuka laporan tentang lakaran yang terbuka: berapa banyak darjah kebebasan yang tinggal dan sama ada ia terkekang sepenuhnya. Gunakan untuk mengetahui apa yang masih bergerak sebelum anda menamatkan lakaran.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Menambah lengkung atau titik tempat jasad, muka, tepi atau lakaran lain melintasi satah lakaran. Ia kekal terpaut dan mengikut model apabila model berubah.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Mencipta lengkung 3D tempat dua jasad atau muka bertemu, terpaut kepadanya. Gunakan sebagai laluan atau rel pemandu yang mengikut model.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Mencipta lengkung 3D tempat dua jasad, muka atau lengkung lakaran lain bertemu, terpaut kepadanya. Gunakan sebagai laluan atau rel pemandu yang mengikut model.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "Mencipta lengkung 3D di sepanjang arah U atau V muka melalui titik yang anda pilih, terpaut kepada muka itu. Gunakan sebagai laluan atau garis belahan yang mengikut permukaan.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Melukis garis bersambung titik demi titik, sebagai rantaian terbuka atau garis luar tertutup. Ia ialah alat asas bagi kebanyakan profil.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Melukis garis daripada titik tengahnya ke satu hujung, dengan hujung satu lagi dicerminkan. Gunakan untuk garis yang berpusat pada satu titik, seperti tepi simetri.",
@@ -3807,6 +3807,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Plat Contoh",
  "sample.vents.about": "Corak slot segi empat tepat: baris, lajur dan pic sebagai parameter",
  "sample.vents.name": "Plat Pengudaraan",
+  "scale.per_axis": "Mengikut paksi",
+  "scale.uniform": "Seragam",
  "search.command_keys": "Enter jalankan     Shift+Enter jalankan dan kekalkan terbuka     Esc tutup",
  "search.commands": "Arahan",
  "search.design": "Dalam reka bentuk ini",
@@ -1621,7 +1621,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Leser banene fra en SVG-tegning inn i en skisse, skalert, dreid og plassert slik du angir. Bruk det til å gjøre en logo eller vektorkontur om til kurver du kan ekstrudere.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Åpner en rapport om den åpne skissen: hvor mange frihetsgrader som gjenstår og om den er fullstendig bundet. Bruk det til å finne ut hva som fortsatt beveger seg før du fullfører skissen.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Legger til kurvene eller punktene der kropper, flater, kanter eller andre skisser krysser skisseplanet. De forblir koblet og følger modellen når den endres.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Oppretter 3D-kurver der to kropper eller flater møtes, koblet til dem. Bruk dem som baner eller føringskurver som følger modellen.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Oppretter 3D-kurver der to kropper, flater eller kurver fra andre skisser møtes, koblet til dem. Bruk dem som baner eller føringskurver som følger modellen.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "Oppretter en 3D-kurve langs U- eller V-retningen til en flate gjennom et punkt du velger, koblet til flaten. Bruk den som en bane eller delelinje som følger flaten.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Tegner sammenhengende linjer punkt for punkt, som en åpen kjede eller en lukket kontur. Det er det grunnleggende verktøyet for de fleste profiler.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Tegner en linje fra midtpunktet og ut til den ene enden, med den andre enden speilet. Bruk det til linjer sentrert på et punkt, for eksempel en symmetrisk kant.",
@@ -3807,6 +3807,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Eksempelplate",
  "sample.vents.about": "Spor i et rektangulært mønster: rader, kolonner og stigning er parametere",
  "sample.vents.name": "Ventilasjonsplate",
+  "scale.per_axis": "Per akse",
+  "scale.uniform": "Jevn",
  "search.command_keys": "Enter kjør     Shift+Enter kjør og behold åpen     Esc lukk",
  "search.commands": "Kommandoer",
  "search.design": "I dette designet",
@@ -1625,7 +1625,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Leest de paden van een SVG-tekening in een schets, geschaald, gedraaid en geplaatst waar je instelt. Gebruik dit om een logo of vectorcontour om te zetten in curven die je kunt extruderen.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Opent een rapport over de geopende schets: hoeveel vrijheidsgraden er nog over zijn en of hij volledig beperkt is. Gebruik dit om te zien wat nog beweegt voordat je de schets voltooit.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Voegt de curven of punten toe waar lichamen, vlakken, randen of andere schetsen het schetsvlak kruisen. Ze blijven gekoppeld en volgen het model wanneer dat verandert.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Maakt 3D-curven waar twee lichamen of vlakken samenkomen, eraan gekoppeld. Gebruik ze als paden of geleiders die het model volgen.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Maakt 3D-curven waar twee lichamen, vlakken of curven van andere schetsen samenkomen, eraan gekoppeld. Gebruik ze als paden of geleiders die het model volgen.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "Maakt een 3D-curve langs de U- of V-richting van een vlak door een punt dat je kiest, gekoppeld aan het vlak. Gebruik dit als pad of splitslijn die het oppervlak volgt.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Tekent verbonden lijnen punt voor punt, als open keten of gesloten contour. Het is het basisgereedschap voor de meeste profielen.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Tekent een lijn vanuit zijn middelpunt naar één uiteinde, waarbij het andere uiteinde wordt gespiegeld. Gebruik dit voor lijnen die op een punt zijn gecentreerd, zoals een symmetrische rand.",
@@ -3818,6 +3818,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Voorbeeldplaat",
  "sample.vents.about": "Sleuven in een rechthoekig patroon: rijen, kolommen en spoed zijn parameters",
  "sample.vents.name": "Ventilatieplaat",
+  "scale.per_axis": "Per as",
+  "scale.uniform": "Uniform",
  "search.command_keys": "Enter uitvoeren     Shift+Enter uitvoeren en open houden     Esc sluiten",
  "search.commands": "Opdrachten",
  "search.design": "In dit ontwerp",
@@ -1408,6 +1408,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Placa de exemplo",
  "sample.vents.about": "Rasgos em padrão retangular: linhas, colunas e passo são parâmetros",
  "sample.vents.name": "Placa de ventilação",
+  "scale.per_axis": "Por eixo",
+  "scale.uniform": "Uniforme",
  "search.command_keys": "Enter executar     Shift+Enter executar e manter aberto     Esc fechar",
  "search.commands": "Comandos",
  "search.design": "Neste projeto",
@@ -1621,7 +1621,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Citește traseele unui desen SVG într-o schiță, scalate, rotite și plasate așa cum stabiliți. Folosiți-o pentru a transforma un logo sau un contur vectorial în curbe pe care le puteți extruda.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Deschide un raport despre schița deschisă: câte grade de libertate au rămas și dacă este complet constrânsă. Folosiți-l pentru a afla ce se mai mișcă înainte de a finaliza schița.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Adaugă curbele sau punctele în care corpuri, fețe, muchii sau alte schițe taie planul schiței. Rămân legate și urmează modelul când acesta se schimbă.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Creează curbe 3D acolo unde se întâlnesc două corpuri sau fețe, legate de ele. Folosiți-le ca trasee sau ghidaje care urmează modelul.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Creează curbe 3D acolo unde se întâlnesc două corpuri, fețe sau curbe ale altor schițe, legate de ele. Folosiți-le ca trasee sau ghidaje care urmează modelul.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "Creează o curbă 3D pe direcția U sau V a unei fețe, printr-un punct ales de dumneavoastră, legată de față. Folosiți-o ca traseu sau linie de separare care urmează suprafața.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Desenează linii conectate punct cu punct, ca lanț deschis sau contur închis. Este instrumentul de bază pentru majoritatea profilurilor.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Desenează o linie de la mijlocul ei spre un capăt, celălalt capăt fiind în oglindă. Folosiți-o pentru linii centrate pe un punct, de exemplu o muchie simetrică.",
@@ -3807,6 +3807,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Placă exemplu",
  "sample.vents.about": "Canale într-o matrice dreptunghiulară: rândurile, coloanele și pasul sunt parametri",
  "sample.vents.name": "Placă de ventilație",
+  "scale.per_axis": "Pe axe",
+  "scale.uniform": "Uniform",
  "search.command_keys": "Enter execută     Shift+Enter execută și păstrează deschis     Esc închide",
  "search.commands": "Comenzi",
  "search.design": "În acest proiect",
@@ -647,6 +647,7 @@
  "The direction must be an axis or a straight sketch curve that lies in the sketch plane": "Направление должно быть осью или прямолинейной кривой эскиза, лежащей в плоскости эскиза",
  "The mirror line cannot also be mirrored": "Линию зеркала нельзя одновременно отражать",
  "The mirror line must be a straight curve of this sketch, not an origin axis": "Линия зеркала должна быть прямолинейной кривой этого эскиза, а не осью начала координат",
+  "The origin axis is perpendicular to the sketch plane, so it has no line in the plane": "Ось начала координат перпендикулярна плоскости эскиза, поэтому линии в этой плоскости нет",
  "The saved author occurrence is missing. Select a valid author placement before rebinding.": "Сохранённое исходное вхождение отсутствует. Выберите корректное исходное положение перед перепривязкой.",
  "Then": "Затем",
  "These features will be deleted:": "Эти операции будут удалены:",
@@ -1610,7 +1611,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Читает контуры рисунка SVG в эскиз, масштабируя, поворачивая и размещая их так, как вы зададите. Используйте, чтобы превратить логотип или векторный контур в кривые, которые можно выдавить.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Открывает отчёт об открытом эскизе: сколько осталось степеней свободы и определён ли он полностью. Используйте, чтобы выяснить, что ещё двигается, прежде чем завершить эскиз.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Добавляет кривые или точки, где тела, грани, рёбра или другие эскизы пересекают плоскость эскиза. Они остаются связанными и следуют за моделью при её изменении.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Создаёт 3D-кривые там, где встречаются два тела или две грани, связанные с ними. Используйте как траектории или направляющие, следующие за моделью.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Создаёт 3D-кривые там, где встречаются два тела, две грани или кривые других эскизов, связанные с ними. Используйте как траектории или направляющие, следующие за моделью.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "Создаёт 3D-кривую вдоль направления U или V грани через выбранную точку, связанную с гранью. Используйте как траекторию или линию разделения, следующую за поверхностью.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Рисует соединённые линии точка за точкой, как открытую цепочку или замкнутый контур. Это основной инструмент для большинства профилей.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Рисует линию от её середины до одного конца, второй конец отражается зеркально. Используйте для линий с центром в точке, например симметричного ребра.",
@@ -3750,6 +3751,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Образец пластины",
  "sample.vents.about": "Пазы в прямоугольном массиве: число рядов, столбцов и шаг заданы параметрами",
  "sample.vents.name": "Вентиляционная пластина",
+  "scale.per_axis": "По осям",
+  "scale.uniform": "Равномерно",
  "search.command_keys": "Enter выполнить     Shift+Enter выполнить и оставить открытым     Esc закрыть",
  "search.commands": "Команды",
  "search.design": "В этом дизайне",
@@ -1621,7 +1621,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Учитава путање SVG цртежа у скицу, скалиране, окренуте и постављене како зададете. Користите га да логотип или векторски обрис претворите у криве које можете екструдирати.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Отвара извештај о отвореној скици: колико је степени слободе остало и да ли је потпуно ограничена. Користите га да сазнате шта се још помера пре него што завршите скицу.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Додаје криве или тачке у којима тела, лица, ивице или друге скице секу раван скице. Оне остају повезане и прате модел када се он промени.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Прави 3D криве тамо где се два тела или лица састају, повезане са њима. Користите их као путање или водилице које прате модел.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Прави 3D криве тамо где се два тела, лица или криве других скица састају, повезане са њима. Користите их као путање или водилице које прате модел.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "Прави 3D криву дуж U или V смера лица кроз тачку коју изаберете, повезану са лицем. Користите је као путању или линију поделе која прати површ.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Црта повезане линије тачку по тачку, као отворени ланац или затворени обрис. То је основни алат за већину профила.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Црта линију од њене средишње тачке до једног краја, а други крај се пресликава. Користите је за линије центриране на тачки, на пример за симетричну ивицу.",
@@ -1622,7 +1622,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Läser in banorna från en SVG-ritning i en skiss, skalade, vridna och placerade där du anger. Använd det för att göra en logotyp eller en vektorkontur till kurvor som du kan extrudera.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Öppnar en rapport om den öppna skissen: hur många frihetsgrader som återstår och om den är fullt definierad. Använd det för att ta reda på vad som fortfarande rör sig innan du avslutar skissen.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Lägger till de kurvor eller punkter där kroppar, ytor, kanter eller andra skisser korsar skissplanet. De förblir länkade och följer modellen när den ändras.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Skapar 3D-kurvor där två kroppar eller ytor möts, länkade till dem. Använd dem som banor eller styrkurvor som följer modellen.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Skapar 3D-kurvor där två kroppar, ytor eller kurvor från andra skisser möts, länkade till dem. Använd dem som banor eller styrkurvor som följer modellen.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "Skapar en 3D-kurva längs en ytas U- eller V-riktning genom en punkt som du väljer, länkad till ytan. Använd den som en bana eller delningslinje som följer ytan.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Ritar sammanhängande linjer punkt för punkt, som en öppen kedja eller en sluten kontur. Det är det grundläggande verktyget för de flesta profiler.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Ritar en linje från dess mittpunkt ut till ena änden, med den andra änden speglad. Använd det för linjer centrerade på en punkt, till exempel en symmetrisk kant.",
@@ -3808,6 +3808,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Exempelplatta",
  "sample.vents.about": "Spår i ett rektangulärt mönster: rader, kolumner och delning är parametrar",
  "sample.vents.name": "Ventilationsplatta",
+  "scale.per_axis": "Per axel",
+  "scale.uniform": "Likformig",
  "search.command_keys": "Enter kör     Shift+Enter kör och behåll öppen     Esc stäng",
  "search.commands": "Kommandon",
  "search.design": "I denna konstruktion",
@@ -1621,7 +1621,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Bir SVG çiziminin yollarını, belirlediğiniz ölçekte, açıda ve konumda bir eskize okur. Bir logoyu veya vektör dış hattını ekstrüzyon yapabileceğiniz eğrilere dönüştürmek için kullanın.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Açık eskiz için bir rapor açar: kaç serbestlik derecesi kaldığını ve tam kısıtlı olup olmadığını. Eskizi bitirmeden önce nelerin hâlâ hareket ettiğini öğrenmek için kullanın.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Gövdelerin, yüzlerin, kenarların veya diğer eskizlerin eskiz düzlemini kestiği eğrileri ya da noktaları ekler. Bağlı kalır ve model değiştiğinde onu izler.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "İki gövdenin veya yüzün buluştuğu yerde, onlara bağlı 3B eğriler oluşturur. Bunları modeli izleyen yollar veya kılavuz raylar olarak kullanın.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "İki gövdenin, yüzün veya diğer eskizlerin eğrilerinin buluştuğu yerde, onlara bağlı 3B eğriler oluşturur. Bunları modeli izleyen yollar veya kılavuz raylar olarak kullanın.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "Bir yüzün U veya V yönü boyunca, seçtiğiniz bir noktadan geçen ve yüze bağlı bir 3B eğri oluşturur. Yüzeyi izleyen bir yol veya bölme çizgisi olarak kullanın.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Bağlantılı çizgileri nokta nokta, açık bir zincir veya kapalı bir dış hat olarak çizer. Çoğu profil için temel araçtır.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Bir çizgiyi orta noktasından bir uca doğru çizer; diğer uç yansıtılır. Bir nokta etrafında ortalanmış çizgiler, örneğin simetrik bir kenar için kullanın.",
@@ -3807,6 +3807,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Örnek plaka",
  "sample.vents.about": "Dikdörtgen desende yuvalar: satırlar, sütunlar ve aralık parametredir",
  "sample.vents.name": "Havalandırma plakası",
+  "scale.per_axis": "Eksen başına",
+  "scale.uniform": "Tekdüze",
  "search.command_keys": "Enter çalıştır     Shift+Enter çalıştır ve açık tut     Esc kapat",
  "search.commands": "Komutlar",
  "search.design": "Bu tasarımda",
@@ -1681,7 +1681,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "Зчитує контури малюнка SVG в ескіз, масштабовані, повернуті й розміщені так, як ви задасте. Використовуйте, щоб перетворити логотип або векторний контур на криві, які можна видавити.",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "Відкриває звіт про відкритий ескіз: скільки ступенів вільності залишилося і чи він повністю обмежений. Використовуйте його, щоб дізнатися, що ще рухається, перш ніж завершити ескіз.",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "Додає криві чи точки, де тіла, грані, ребра або інші ескізи перетинають площину ескізу. Вони залишаються пов'язаними й слідують за моделлю, коли вона змінюється.",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Створює 3D-криві там, де сходяться два тіла чи грані, пов'язані з ними. Використовуйте їх як траєкторії або напрямні, що слідують за моделлю.",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "Створює 3D-криві там, де сходяться два тіла, грані чи криві інших ескізів, пов'язані з ними. Використовуйте їх як траєкторії або напрямні, що слідують за моделлю.",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "Створює 3D-криву, пов'язану з гранню, вздовж напрямку U або V грані через вибрану вами точку. Використовуйте як траєкторію або лінію розділення, що слідує за поверхнею.",
  "help.sketch.line": "Малює з'єднані прямі точка за точкою — як розімкнений ланцюг або замкнений контур. Це основний інструмент для більшості профілів.",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "Малює пряму від її середини до одного кінця, а другий кінець відображається дзеркально. Використовуйте для прямих, центрованих на точці, наприклад симетричного краю.",
@@ -4074,6 +4074,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "Зразкова пластина",
  "sample.vents.about": "Пази в прямокутному масиві: рядки, стовпці та крок є параметрами",
  "sample.vents.name": "Вентиляційна пластина",
+  "scale.per_axis": "По осях",
+  "scale.uniform": "Рівномірно",
  "search.command_keys": "Enter виконати     Shift+Enter виконати й залишити відкритим     Esc закрити",
  "search.commands": "Команди",
  "search.design": "У цьому проєкті",
@@ -1364,11 +1364,14 @@
  "dialog.computing": "正在計算… {seconds} 秒",
  "dialog.could_not_be_checked": "無法檢查",
  "dialog.custom_axis": "↖ 自訂軸",
+  "dialog.cylinder_face_tip": "圓柱體所立的模型面或頂點：先點擊此處，再在視圖中點擊它。留空時由 X、Y、Z 放置。",
  "dialog.dimension_insert_hint": "點擊其他驅動尺寸以插入其名稱",
  "dialog.dimension_name": "尺寸：{name}",
  "dialog.edit_title": "編輯 {title}",
  "dialog.no_shown_body": "沒有可變更的已顯示實體：請顯示一個，或選擇「新建實體」",
  "dialog.pattern_sketch_not_object": "請選取實體或特徵：草圖兩者皆非。請用草圖自己的「陣列」或「鏡射」重複其曲線，或先將它擠出。",
+  "dialog.primitive_point_tip": "填入 X、Y、Z 的點：先點擊此處，再點擊模型的頂點、邊或面、草圖中的點，或原點。",
+  "dialog.reference_edge_tip": "所選面上的一條直邊，下方的距離從它量起：先點擊此處，再點擊該邊。",
  "dialog.select": "↖ 選擇",
  "dialog.selected_count": "↖ 已選擇 {count} 個",
  "dialog.selection_constraint": "拘束 {id}",
@@ -1621,7 +1624,7 @@
  "help.sketch.insert_svg": "將 SVG 圖形的路徑讀入草圖，並依您的設定縮放、旋轉和放置。用於把標誌或向量輪廓轉成可擠出的曲線。",
  "help.sketch.inspect": "開啟目前草圖的報告：還剩多少個自由度，以及是否已完全拘束。用於在完成草圖之前找出哪些部分仍會移動。",
  "help.sketch.intersect": "加入實體、面、邊或其他草圖與草圖平面相交的曲線或點。它們保持連結，並在模型變更時跟隨。",
-  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "在兩個實體或面相接處建立 3D 曲線，並與它們連結。用作跟隨模型的路徑或導軌。",
+  "help.sketch.intersection_curve": "在兩個實體、面或其他草圖的曲線相接處建立 3D 曲線，並與它們連結。用作跟隨模型的路徑或導軌。",
  "help.sketch.isoparametric_curve": "通過您選取的點，沿面的 U 或 V 方向建立 3D 曲線，並與該面連結。用作跟隨曲面的路徑或分割線。",
  "help.sketch.line": "逐點畫出相連的直線，可為開放的鏈或封閉的輪廓。這是大多數輪廓的基本工具。",
  "help.sketch.line.midpoint": "從中點向一端畫直線，另一端對稱映射。用於以一點為中心的直線，例如對稱的邊。",
@@ -3810,6 +3813,8 @@
  "sample.plate.name": "範例板",
  "sample.vents.about": "依矩形陣列排列的槽：列數、欄數和間距均為參數",
  "sample.vents.name": "通風板",
+  "scale.per_axis": "依軸",
+  "scale.uniform": "等比",
  "search.command_keys": "Enter 執行     Shift+Enter 執行並保持開啟     Esc 關閉",
  "search.commands": "命令",
  "search.design": "此設計中",
@@ -4440,6 +4445,7 @@
  "ui.click_selects_whole_bodies": "點擊選擇整個實體",
  "ui.click_then_press_key": "點擊，然後按新按鍵",
  "ui.close": "關閉",
+  "ui.close_tab": "關閉分頁",
  "ui.coil": "線圈",
  "ui.coincident": "重合",
  "ui.collapse": "摺疊",
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ struct U {
    ana_c: array<vec4<f32>, 8>,
    ana_f: vec4<f32>,  // x = 1: stripe the negative draft and blocked faces
    depth: vec4<f32>,  // x = 1: reversed depth (1 near, 0 far); y, z: the faces' push (`FACE_BIAS`)
+    // Where the drawn geometry is moved in the world: identity, or a dragged component's move
+    // from where its scene was built (`MovingLayer`)
+    model: mat4x4<f32>,
    tint: vec4<f32>,   // xyz added to a whole hovered body's colour before lighting
    sel: vec4<f32>,    // xyz a whole selected body's colour before lighting
    // the section hatch colours by part (`solidcraft_render::hatch`), the first the cap's own
@@ -25,6 +28,16 @@ struct U {
    sky: vec4<f32>,    // xyz = world up; w = 1: shade in linear light with a sky fill (#7974)
 };

+/// A scene's point in the world (see `U.model`).
+fn placed(p: vec3<f32>) -> vec3<f32> {
+    return (u.model * vec4<f32>(p, 1.0)).xyz;
+}
+
+/// A scene's direction in the world (see `placed`).
+fn turned(n: vec3<f32>) -> vec3<f32> {
+    return (u.model * vec4<f32>(n, 0.0)).xyz;
+}
+
 fn reversed() -> bool {
    return u.depth.x > 0.5;
 }
@@ -83,10 +96,11 @@ struct TOut {
 };

@vertex
-fn vs_tri(@location(0) p: vec3<f32>, @location(1) n: vec3<f32>, @location(2) c: u32) -> TOut {
+fn vs_tri(@location(0) local: vec3<f32>, @location(1) n: vec3<f32>, @location(2) c: u32) -> TOut {
    var o: TOut;
+    let p = placed(local);
    o.pos = u.vp * vec4<f32>(p, 1.0);
-    o.n = n;
+    o.n = turned(n);
    let e = palette_entry(c);
    o.c = unpack_color(e.x);
    o.h = e.y;
@@ -95,7 +109,8 @@ fn vs_tri(@location(0) p: vec3<f32>, @location(1) n: vec3<f32>, @location(2) c:
 }

 /// Shared triangles (in their part's own frame) drawn at one placement: the rows of its rigid
-/// move (`r0`..`r2`, a point's coordinates are their dot products with (p, 1)) and its colour.
+/// move (`r0`..`r2`, a point's coordinates are their dot products with (p, 1)) and its colour,
+/// then moved like the rest of its scene (`placed`: a dragged component's layer).
 /// The vertex colour (location 2) is not read.
@vertex
 fn vs_tri_inst(
@@ -107,10 +122,11 @@ fn vs_tri_inst(
    @location(6) c: u32,
 ) -> TOut {
    let q = vec4<f32>(p, 1.0);
-    let wp = vec3<f32>(dot(r0, q), dot(r1, q), dot(r2, q));
+    let wp = placed(vec3<f32>(dot(r0, q), dot(r1, q), dot(r2, q)));
+    let pn = vec3<f32>(dot(r0.xyz, n), dot(r1.xyz, n), dot(r2.xyz, n));
    var o: TOut;
    o.pos = u.vp * vec4<f32>(wp, 1.0);
-    o.n = vec3<f32>(dot(r0.xyz, n), dot(r1.xyz, n), dot(r2.xyz, n));
+    o.n = turned(pn);
    let e = palette_entry(c);
    o.c = unpack_color(e.x);
    o.h = e.y;
@@ -140,7 +156,7 @@ fn vs_tri_inst_flat(
    @location(6) c: u32,
 ) -> FOut {
    let q = vec4<f32>(p, 1.0);
-    let wp = vec3<f32>(dot(r0, q), dot(r1, q), dot(r2, q));
+    let wp = placed(vec3<f32>(dot(r0, q), dot(r1, q), dot(r2, q)));
    var o: FOut;
    o.pos = u.vp * vec4<f32>(wp, 1.0);
    o.rp = wp - u.eye.xyz;
@@ -785,7 +801,9 @@ fn lifted_z(p: vec3<f32>, c: vec4<f32>, px: f32, half: vec2<f32>) -> f32 {
 }

@vertex
-fn vs_line(@builtin(vertex_index) vi: u32, @location(0) a: vec3<f32>, @location(1) b: vec3<f32>, @location(2) c: u32, @location(3) wbits: u32) -> LOut {
+fn vs_line(@builtin(vertex_index) vi: u32, @location(0) local_a: vec3<f32>, @location(1) local_b: vec3<f32>, @location(2) c: u32, @location(3) wbits: u32) -> LOut {
+    let a = placed(local_a);
+    let b = placed(local_b);
    var pa = a;
    var pb = b;
    var ca = u.vp * vec4<f32>(a, 1.0);
@@ -832,7 +850,7 @@ fn vs_line(@builtin(vertex_index) vi: u32, @location(0) a: vec3<f32>, @location(
    var z = base.z;
    if (lifted && base.w > 1e-6) {
        let p = select(pa, pb, t > 0.5);
-        let g = grazing(p, octahedral(wbits & 4095u), octahedral((wbits >> 12u) & 4095u));
+        let g = grazing(p, turned(octahedral(wbits & 4095u)), turned(octahedral((wbits >> 12u) & 4095u)));
        z = lifted_z(p, base, wd * 0.5 * g + 1.0, half);
    }
    var o: LOut;
@@ -883,10 +901,10 @@ fn fs_line_all(i: LOut) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
    return out_color(i.c);
 }

-// Point clouds (`view/clouds.rs`): each point is a round dot a few pixels across, facing the
-// screen, depth-tested and written like the model's faces, so the model hides the points behind
-// it and they hide it. The cloud's style colours them by their own colour, a ramp or a palette,
-// and shows only those whose filtered values lie in its ranges or sets.
+// Point clouds and their cells (`view/clouds.rs`): dots, segments as beads (or lines when they
+// have no size) and triangles, from one record per element. The cloud's style colours them by
+// their own colour, a ramp or a palette, and shows only those whose filtered values lie in its
+// ranges or sets; values vary across an element, so a range cuts it where its value crosses an end.

 struct Cloud {
    style: vec4<f32>,               // x: colour (0 own, 1 ramp, 2 palette), y: dot size (px), z, w: ramp range
@@ -895,43 +913,88 @@ struct Cloud {
@group(1) @binding(3) var<uniform> cloud: Cloud;

 struct CIn {
-    @location(0) p: vec3<f32>,
-    @location(1) v: f32,
-    @location(2) f: vec4<f32>,
-    @location(3) rgb: vec4<f32>,
+    @location(0) a: vec3<f32>,
+    @location(1) b: vec3<f32>,
+    @location(2) c: vec3<f32>,
+    @location(8) before: vec3<f32>,
+    @location(9) after: vec3<f32>,
+    @location(3) v: vec3<f32>,
+    @location(4) f0: vec3<f32>,
+    @location(5) f1: vec3<f32>,
+    @location(10) f2: vec3<f32>,
+    @location(11) f3: vec3<f32>,
+    @location(6) size: vec2<f32>,
+    @location(7) rgb: vec4<f32>,
 };

 struct COut {
    @builtin(position) pos: vec4<f32>,
    @location(0) wp: vec3<f32>,
-    @location(1) v: f32,
-    @location(2) f: vec4<f32>,
-    @location(3) rgb: vec3<f32>,
-    @location(4) at: vec2<f32>,    // the place on its disc
-    @location(5) @interpolate(flat) has: u32,
+    @location(1) n: vec3<f32>,     // zero: not lit
+    @location(2) v: f32,
+    @location(3) f: vec4<f32>,
+    @location(4) rgb: vec3<f32>,
+    @location(5) at: vec2<f32>,    // a dot's place on its disc
+    @location(6) @interpolate(flat) has: u32,
 };

+fn cloud_out(i: CIn, w: vec3<f32>, wp: vec3<f32>, pos: vec4<f32>, n: vec3<f32>) -> COut {
+    var o: COut;
+    o.pos = pos;
+    o.wp = wp;
+    o.n = n;
+    o.v = dot(w, i.v);
+    o.f = vec4<f32>(dot(w, i.f0), dot(w, i.f1), dot(w, i.f2), dot(w, i.f3));
+    o.rgb = i.rgb.rgb;
+    o.at = vec2<f32>(0.0);
+    o.has = u32(round(i.rgb.a * 255.0));
+    return o;
+}
+
+fn behind(c: vec4<f32>) -> bool {
+    return near_z(c) < 0.0;
+}
+
@vertex
 fn vs_cloud_dot(@builtin(vertex_index) vi: u32, i: CIn) -> COut {
    var xs = array<f32, 6>(-1.0, 1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0);
    var ys = array<f32, 6>(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
    let at = vec2<f32>(xs[vi], ys[vi]);
    let size = max(cloud.style.y, 1.0);
-    let centre = u.vp * vec4<f32>(i.p, 1.0);
-    var o: COut;
-    o.pos = vec4<f32>(centre.xy + at * size / u.screen.xy * centre.w, centre.z, centre.w);
-    // Behind the eye: nothing.
-    if (near_z(centre) < 0.0) { o.pos = vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0); }
-    o.wp = i.p;
-    o.v = i.v;
-    o.f = i.f;
-    o.rgb = i.rgb.rgb;
-    o.has = u32(round(i.rgb.a * 255.0));
+    let centre = u.vp * vec4<f32>(i.a, 1.0);
+    var pos = vec4<f32>(centre.xy + at * size / u.screen.xy * centre.w, centre.z, centre.w);
+    if (behind(centre)) { pos = vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0); }
+    var o = cloud_out(i, vec3<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), i.a, pos, vec3<f32>(0.0));
    // Dots under two pixels are squares: a disc that small loses its centre pixel.
    o.at = at * select(1.0, 0.0, size < 2.0);
    return o;
 }

+/// The least half-width of a segment on screen, in pixels.
+const MIN_HALF_PX: f32 = 0.75;
+
+/// The frame of a bead along `d`: along it, across it level, and up, its height axis.
+fn bead_frame(d: vec3<f32>) -> mat3x3<f32> {
+    var t = vec3<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+    if (length(d) > 1e-9) { t = d / length(d); }
+    var side = cross(vec3<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 1.0), t);
+    if (length(side) < 1e-6) { side = vec3<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0); }
+    side = normalize(side);
+    return mat3x3<f32>(t, side, cross(t, side));
+}
+
+/// Corner `j` (0…9) of a bead's cross-section, a stadium: its place across and up, and its
+/// normal. Corners 0…4 go up the right half-disc, 5…9 down the left one, so 4–5 is the flat top
+/// and 9–0 the flat bottom.
+fn stadium(j: u32, size: vec2<f32>) -> vec4<f32> {
+    let k = j % 10u;
+    let right = k < 5u;
+    let a = -1.5707963 + 0.7853982 * f32(k % 5u) + select(3.1415927, 0.0, right);
+    let r = 0.5 * size.y;
+    let flat_half = 0.5 * max(size.x - size.y, 0.0);
+    return vec4<f32>(select(-flat_half, flat_half, right) + r * cos(a), r * sin(a), cos(a), sin(a));
+}
+
 /// Whether filter `f` keeps the value `v`.
 fn cloud_keeps(f: vec4<f32>, v: f32) -> bool {
    if (f.x < 0.5) { return true; }
@@ -940,6 +1003,101 @@ fn cloud_keeps(f: vec4<f32>, v: f32) -> bool {
    return k >= 0 && k < 32 && ((bitcast<u32>(f.w) >> u32(k)) & 1u) != 0u;
 }

+/// Whether filter `f` leaves out a whole element with values `v` at its corners: all on one
+/// side of a range, or one value at every corner, not kept. A set of values with corners that
+/// differ may keep part of the element: its fragments decide.
+fn cloud_drops(f: vec4<f32>, v: vec3<f32>) -> bool {
+    if (f.x > 1.5) { return all(v == vec3<f32>(v.x)) && !cloud_keeps(f, v.x); }
+    return f.x > 0.5 && (all(v < vec3<f32>(f.y)) || all(v > vec3<f32>(f.z)));
+}
+
+/// Whether a filter leaves out the whole element.
+fn filtered_out(i: CIn) -> bool {
+    let has = u32(round(i.rgb.a * 255.0));
+    let values = array<vec3<f32>, 4>(i.f0, i.f1, i.f2, i.f3);
+    for (var k = 0u; k < 4u; k++) {
+        if (((has >> k) & 1u) != 0u && cloud_drops(cloud.filters[k], values[k])) { return true; }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+/// The part in front of the near plane of the segment between clip-space `a` and `b`, as
+/// fractions of it from `a`; empty (first above second) when all of it is behind. Clip-space
+/// coordinates are affine along a line, so the crossing is exact.
+fn in_front(a: vec4<f32>, b: vec4<f32>) -> vec2<f32> {
+    let za = near_z(a);
+    let zb = near_z(b);
+    if (za < 0.0 && zb < 0.0) { return vec2<f32>(1.0, 0.0); }
+    let t = za / (za - zb);
+    return vec2<f32>(select(0.0, t, za < 0.0), select(1.0, t, zb < 0.0));
+}
+
+@vertex
+fn vs_cloud_segment(@builtin(vertex_index) vi: u32, i: CIn) -> COut {
+    // Corner `vi % 10` of the cross-section at the start (`vi < 10`) or the end; the index
+    // buffer joins them into the bead's sides.
+    let pa = u.vp * vec4<f32>(i.a, 1.0);
+    let pb = u.vp * vec4<f32>(i.b, 1.0);
+    let part = in_front(pa, pb);
+    if (filtered_out(i) || part.x > part.y) {
+        return cloud_out(i, vec3<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), i.a, vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0), vec3<f32>(0.0));
+    }
+    // Where the near plane cuts it, the bead ends there, square; its numbers are exact at `e`.
+    let at_end = vi >= 10u;
+    let e = select(part.x, part.y, at_end);
+    let cut = e != select(0.0, 1.0, at_end);
+    let f = bead_frame(i.b - i.a);
+    let c = stadium(vi % 10u, i.size);
+    let axis = mix(i.a, i.b, e);
+    // Where it meets the next or the previous bead, the cross-section lies in the plane halfway
+    // between their directions, stretched across to keep its width: both beads end on the same
+    // section. A turn sharper than 120° ends square instead.
+    let other = select(i.a - i.before, i.after - i.b, at_end);
+    var across_dir = f[1];
+    var stretch = 1.0;
+    if (!cut && length(other) > 1e-9) {
+        let g = bead_frame(other);
+        let mid = f[1] + g[1];
+        if (length(mid) > 1e-6 && dot(normalize(mid), f[1]) > 0.5) {
+            across_dir = normalize(mid);
+            stretch = 1.0 / dot(across_dir, f[1]);
+        }
+    }
+    let wp = axis + across_dir * (c.x * stretch) + f[2] * c.y;
+    let ca = u.vp * vec4<f32>(axis, 1.0);
+    let cw = u.vp * vec4<f32>(wp, 1.0);
+    let half = u.screen.xy * 0.5;
+    var pos = cw;
+    // At least a pixel and a half across: a bead seen from afar, or a line without size. A corner
+    // behind the eye has no place on the screen and needs no widening: the rasteriser clips it.
+    if (cw.w > 0.0) {
+        let c0 = mix(pa, pb, part.x);
+        let c1 = mix(pa, pb, part.y);
+        let along = (c1.xy / c1.w - c0.xy / c0.w) * half;
+        var across = vec2<f32>(-along.y, along.x);
+        if (length(across) < 1e-6) { across = vec2<f32>(1.0, 0.0); }
+        across = normalize(across);
+        var px = (cw.xy / cw.w - ca.xy / ca.w) * half;
+        if (length(px) < MIN_HALF_PX * abs(c.z)) {
+            px = across * c.z * MIN_HALF_PX;
+            pos = vec4<f32>((ca.xy / ca.w + px / half) * cw.w, cw.z, cw.w);
+        }
+    }
+    let n = select(f[1] * c.z + f[2] * c.w, vec3<f32>(0.0), i.size.y <= 0.0);
+    return cloud_out(i, vec3<f32>(1.0 - e, e, 0.0), wp, pos, n);
+}
+
+@vertex
+fn vs_cloud_triangle(@builtin(vertex_index) vi: u32, i: CIn) -> COut {
+    // Not `w[vi] = 1.0`: the Windows D3D12 shader compiler cannot write through a dynamic vector index.
+    let w = vec3<f32>(f32(vi == 0u), f32(vi == 1u), f32(vi == 2u));
+    let wp = i.a * w.x + i.b * w.y + i.c * w.z;
+    var n = cross(i.b - i.a, i.c - i.a);
+    if (length(n) > 0.0) { n = normalize(n); }
+    // The true clip-space corner, even behind the eye: the rasteriser clips a triangle exactly.
+    return cloud_out(i, w, wp, u.vp * vec4<f32>(wp, 1.0), n);
+}
+
 fn cloud_ramp(t: f32) -> vec3<f32> {
    var stops = array<vec3<f32>, 5>(
        vec3<f32>(40.0, 70.0, 200.0), vec3<f32>(30.0, 170.0, 230.0), vec3<f32>(60.0, 200.0, 90.0),
@@ -974,5 +1132,8 @@ fn fs_cloud(o: COut) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
    } else if ((o.has & 16u) != 0u && mode > 0.5) {
        c = cloud_ramp((o.v - cloud.style.z) / max(cloud.style.w - cloud.style.z, 1e-12));
    }
+    if (length(o.n) > 0.5) {
+        c = c * (0.45 + 0.55 * abs(dot(normalize(o.n), normalize(u.back.xyz))));
+    }
    return out_color(vec4<f32>(c, 1.0));
 }
@@ -210,13 +210,16 @@ fn map_plane_ref(m: &Mat, p: &mut PlaneRef) {
            map_plane_ref(m, base);
            map_geo_ref(m, point);
        }
-        PlaneRef::AtAngle { base, axis_origin, axis_dir, line, .. } => {
+        PlaneRef::AtAngle { base, axis_origin, axis_dir, line, pivot, .. } => {
            map_plane_ref(m, base);
            *axis_origin = apply_point(m, *axis_origin);
            *axis_dir = apply_vector(m, *axis_dir);
            if let Some(g) = line {
                map_geo_ref(m, g);
            }
+            if let Some(g) = pivot {
+                map_geo_ref(m, g);
+            }
        }
        // Named origin planes and construction planes are the component's own.
        PlaneRef::Origin { .. } | PlaneRef::Construction { .. } => {}
@@ -353,25 +356,7 @@ impl Document {
    /// Every placement of each component: (component, occurrence path ids, world transform).
    /// A branch stops past [`MAX_PLACEMENT_DEPTH`] levels, the walk past [`MAX_PLACEMENTS`] placements.
    pub fn placements(&self) -> Vec<(u64, Vec<u64>, Mat)> {
-        let mut out = vec![(0, Vec::new(), IDENTITY)];
-        let mut stack: Vec<(u64, Vec<u64>, Mat)> = vec![(0, Vec::new(), IDENTITY)];
-        while let Some((comp, path, m)) = stack.pop() {
-            if out.len() > MAX_PLACEMENTS {
-                break;
-            }
-            // Only this branch stops past the depth limit; the others are still walked.
-            if path.len() > MAX_PLACEMENT_DEPTH {
-                continue;
-            }
-            for o in self.occurrences.iter().filter(|o| o.parent == comp) {
-                let mut p = path.clone();
-                p.push(o.id);
-                let w = mat_mul(&m, &o.transform);
-                out.push((o.component, p.clone(), w));
-                stack.push((o.component, p, w));
-            }
-        }
-        out
+        crate::occurrence_tree::OccurrenceTree::new(self).placements_with(|o| o.transform)
    }

    /// Every body as the world shows it: its world name ("Body1", or "Body1 (Occ:2)" for a
@@ -461,13 +446,14 @@ impl Document {
        if self.component_within(parent, component) {
            return true;
        }
+        let tree = crate::occurrence_tree::OccurrenceTree::new(self);
        let mut stack = vec![component];
        let mut seen = std::collections::BTreeSet::new();
        while let Some(c) = stack.pop() {
            if !seen.insert(c) || seen.len() > MAX_PLACEMENTS {
                continue;
            }
-            for o in self.occurrences.iter().filter(|o| o.parent == c) {
+            for o in tree.children(c) {
                if o.component == parent {
                    return true;
                }
@@ -119,11 +119,14 @@ fn remap_plane(p: &mut PlaneRef, ids: &BTreeMap<u64, u64>, bodies: &BTreeMap<Str
            remap_plane(base, ids, bodies, depth + 1)?;
            remap_geo(point, ids, bodies, depth + 1)?;
        }
-        PlaneRef::AtAngle { base, line, .. } => {
+        PlaneRef::AtAngle { base, line, pivot, .. } => {
            remap_plane(base, ids, bodies, depth + 1)?;
            if let Some(g) = line {
                remap_geo(g, ids, bodies, depth + 1)?;
            }
+            if let Some(g) = pivot {
+                remap_geo(g, ids, bodies, depth + 1)?;
+            }
        }
        PlaneRef::Face { name, anchor, .. } => {
            if let Some(name) = name {
@@ -323,11 +326,14 @@ fn checked_plane(p: &PlaneRef, depth: usize) -> crate::Result<()> {
    }
    match p {
        PlaneRef::Offset { base, .. } | PlaneRef::Flipped { base, .. } => checked_plane(base, depth + 1)?,
-        PlaneRef::AtAngle { base, line, .. } => {
+        PlaneRef::AtAngle { base, line, pivot, .. } => {
            checked_plane(base, depth + 1)?;
            if let Some(g) = line {
                checked_geo(g, depth + 1)?;
            }
+            if let Some(g) = pivot {
+                checked_geo(g, depth + 1)?;
+            }
        }
        PlaneRef::Midplane { a, b } | PlaneRef::TwoEdges { a, b } | PlaneRef::AxisPoint { axis: a, point: b } => {
            checked_geo(a, depth + 1)?;
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ fn shell_planar_format13_keeps_v12_documents_and_refuses_future() {
    }
    assert_eq!(legacy, current, "the migration preserves every prior field");
    legacy["format"] = json!(crate::format::format_string(crate::format::FORMAT + 1));
-    assert!(crate::format::read(&legacy.to_string()).is_err());
+    assert!(crate::format::read(&legacy.to_string()).unwrap().newer_file.is_some());
 }

 #[test]
@@ -923,9 +923,10 @@ impl PlaneRef {
                refs.push(point.as_mut());
                refs
            }
-            PlaneRef::AtAngle { base, line, .. } => {
+            PlaneRef::AtAngle { base, line, pivot, .. } => {
                let mut v = base.refs_mut();
                v.extend(line.as_deref_mut());
+                v.extend(pivot.as_deref_mut());
                v
            }
            PlaneRef::Offset { base, .. } | PlaneRef::Flipped { base, .. } => base.refs_mut(),
@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ pub enum PlaneRef {
    /// Another plane rotated about a line (in world coordinates) by an angle expression. With
    /// `line`, an edge or round face of the model ([`crate::construct::model_axis`]), the line is
    /// found there on each evaluation and `axis_origin`/`axis_dir` are where it was when picked.
+    /// With `direction_only`, only the axis direction is used: it is projected onto the base
+    /// (nothing of that projection is kept as geometry) and the plane turns about the line
+    /// through `pivot`, or through the base origin when `pivot` is absent.
    AtAngle {
        base: Box<PlaneRef>,
        axis_origin: Vec3,
@@ -68,6 +71,12 @@ pub enum PlaneRef {
        angle: Expr,
        #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
        line: Option<Box<GeoRef>>,
+        /// Use only the axis direction (projected onto the base), not the axis as a full line.
+        #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "std::ops::Not::not")]
+        direction_only: bool,
+        /// Pivot for `direction_only`; absent means the base plane's origin.
+        #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+        pivot: Option<Box<GeoRef>>,
    },
    /// A construction plane feature (by id).
    Construction { feature: FeatureId },
@@ -321,6 +330,12 @@ pub struct Extent {
    /// Through all bodies in the direction(s) instead of `distance`.
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "std::ops::Not::not")]
    pub through_all: bool,
+    /// Two Sides as older builds read it: `distance2` goes the other way from wherever the
+    /// first side went, so a negative entered distance sends it back along the normal. Saved
+    /// designs from before entered distances kept their sides carry it, so they rebuild as
+    /// they did whatever their expressions evaluate to; new and edited extrudes leave it off.
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "std::ops::Not::not")]
+    pub second_follows_first: bool,
    /// Taper angle (expression; positive grows the profile).
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    #[walk(angle = "Taper angle")]
@@ -452,8 +467,14 @@ pub enum AxisRef {
    SketchAxis { axis: String },
    /// World X / Y / Z axis through the origin.
    World { axis: String },
-    /// Any line in the sketch plane, in world coordinates.
-    Line { origin: Position, dir: Dir },
+    /// Any line in the sketch plane, in world coordinates. The origin's coordinates are length
+    /// expressions, so the axis follows parameter changes.
+    Line {
+        #[serde(with = "point_expr")]
+        #[walk(placement)]
+        origin: PointExpr,
+        dir: Dir,
+    },
    /// An edge or round face of the model (a straight or circular edge, a cylinder, cone or
    /// torus face), found again on each evaluation: [`crate::construct::model_axis`].
    Model { geo: GeoRef },
@@ -659,6 +680,12 @@ impl AlignFrame {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, solidcraft_derive::Walk)]
 #[serde(tag = "type", rename_all = "snake_case")]
 pub enum FeatureKind {
+    /// A feature a newer SolidCraft saved that this build can't read ([`crate::newer_file`]): it
+    /// holds its place on the timeline, reports an error when evaluated, and goes back into the
+    /// file as it came.
+    NewerFileFeature {
+        raw: crate::newer_file::RawFeature,
+    },
    /// A recorded timeline ownership boundary. Geometry is converted from its
    /// current local frame into the destination component frame exactly once.
    BodyTransfer {
@@ -1044,6 +1071,8 @@ pub enum FeatureKind {
    Split {
        body: BodyName,
        plane: PlaneRef,
+        // The tool face is picked (and named), so the split follows it (#11674).
+        #[walk(picks_faces)]
        #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
        tool: Option<FaceAt>,
        /// A straight line of this sketch as the tool (#1552): the plane through it along the
@@ -1479,7 +1508,7 @@ pub enum FeatureKind {
    },
    /// Plastic lip (raised band) or groove (recess) along the rim face picked at `face`.
    Lip {
-        face: Position,
+        face: FacePick,
        #[walk(length = "Width")]
        width: Expr,
        #[walk(length = "Height")]
@@ -2600,6 +2629,7 @@ impl FeatureKind {
    /// Short type name (timeline tooltip, `inspect`).
    pub fn type_name(&self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
+            FeatureKind::NewerFileFeature { .. } => "NewerFileFeature",
            FeatureKind::BodyTransfer { .. } => "BodyTransferFeature",
            FeatureKind::Sketch { .. } => "Sketch",
            FeatureKind::Extrude { .. } => "ExtrudeFeature",
@@ -2685,6 +2715,7 @@ impl FeatureKind {
    /// Design-file variant key (e.g. `"extrude"`, `"box"`, `"sheet_flange"`).
    pub fn kind_key(&self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
+            FeatureKind::NewerFileFeature { .. } => "newer_file_feature",
            FeatureKind::BodyTransfer { .. } => "body_transfer",
            FeatureKind::Sketch { .. } => "sketch",
            FeatureKind::Extrude { .. } => "extrude",
@@ -2847,6 +2878,7 @@ impl FeatureKind {
    /// Default name prefix (`Extrude` → `Extrude1`).
    pub fn base_name(&self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
+            FeatureKind::NewerFileFeature { .. } => "Unknown",
            FeatureKind::BodyTransfer { .. } => "BodyTransfer",
            FeatureKind::Sketch { .. } => "Sketch",
            FeatureKind::Extrude { .. } => "Extrude",
@@ -3119,6 +3151,10 @@ pub fn is_counted_body_name(name: &str) -> bool {
 /// The document.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Document {
+    /// Set when a newer SolidCraft saved the file this came from: what to tell the user, and what
+    /// this build couldn't read and keeps for the next save ([`crate::newer_file`]).
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    pub newer_file: Option<std::sync::Arc<crate::newer_file::NewerFile>>,
    /// Named image intent and immutable embedded HDR sources. Active jobs and device state are not saved.
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "crate::render_settings::RenderSettings::is_empty")]
    pub render: std::sync::Arc<crate::render_settings::RenderSettings>,
@@ -3480,6 +3516,7 @@ impl Document {

    pub fn new(name: &str) -> Self {
        Document {
+            newer_file: None,
            render: Default::default(),
            format: default_format(),
            format_pending: crate::format::pending_names(),
@@ -3901,7 +3938,12 @@ impl Document {

    /// Read a design file's JSON (any format this build knows; older ones are upgraded).
    pub fn from_json(s: &str) -> Result<Document> {
-        crate::render_resources::check_json_budget(s)?;
+        // A newer build's resources may not read here; the section stays out then (`newer_file`).
+        if let Err(why) = crate::render_resources::check_json_budget(s).and_then(|()| crate::render_texture_resources::check_json_budget(s))
+            && !crate::format::says_newer(s)
+        {
+            return Err(why);
+        }
        let mut d = crate::format::read(s)?;
        if d.features.len() > MAX_FEATURES || d.params.len() > MAX_PARAMS {
            return Err(DocError::Invalid("document too large".into()));
@@ -3913,6 +3955,11 @@ impl Document {
        Ok(d)
    }
    pub fn to_json(&self) -> String {
+        if self.newer_file.is_some() {
+            let mut value = serde_json::to_value(self).unwrap_or_default();
+            crate::newer_file::restore(self, &mut value);
+            return serde_json::to_string_pretty(&value).unwrap_or_default();
+        }
        serde_json::to_string_pretty(self).unwrap_or_default()
    }

@@ -4396,7 +4443,7 @@ impl Document {
                let b = self.resolve_plane_in(vals, base, depth + 1, st)?;
                Ok(b.offset(Self::eval_in(vals, distance, Kind::Length)?))
            }
-            PlaneRef::AtAngle { base, axis_origin, axis_dir, angle, line } => {
+            PlaneRef::AtAngle { base, axis_origin, axis_dir, angle, line, direction_only, pivot } => {
                let b = self.resolve_plane_in(vals, base, depth + 1, st)?;
                let a = Self::eval_in(vals, angle, Kind::Angle)?;
                let (axis_origin, axis_dir) = match line {
@@ -4406,7 +4453,26 @@ impl Document {
                    }
                    None => (*axis_origin, *axis_dir),
                };
-                let d = axis_dir.normalized().ok_or_else(|| DocError::Invalid("rotation axis".into()))?;
+                let (axis_origin, d) = if *direction_only {
+                    let n = b.normal();
+                    let in_plane = axis_dir - n * n.dot(axis_dir);
+                    let d = in_plane
+                        .normalized()
+                        .ok_or_else(|| DocError::Invalid("the axis is square to the plane, so it has no direction in the plane".into()))?;
+                    let pivot = match pivot {
+                        Some(g) => {
+                            let st = st.ok_or_else(|| DocError::Invalid("this plane is built from the model: evaluate first".into()))?;
+                            crate::construct::point(&crate::construct::Ctx { doc: self, vals, st, depth }, g)?
+                        }
+                        None => b.origin,
+                    };
+                    // Keep the pivot in the base so a slightly off pick still turns about an in-plane line.
+                    let pivot = pivot - n * n.dot(pivot - b.origin);
+                    (pivot, d)
+                } else {
+                    let d = axis_dir.normalized().ok_or_else(|| DocError::Invalid("rotation axis".into()))?;
+                    (axis_origin, d)
+                };
                let rot = |v: Vec3| v * a.cos() + d.cross(v) * a.sin() + d * (d.dot(v) * (1.0 - a.cos()));
                let o = axis_origin + rot(b.origin - axis_origin);
                Plane::new(o, rot(b.x), rot(b.y)).ok_or_else(|| DocError::Invalid("degenerate plane".into()))
@@ -84,6 +84,65 @@ pub struct Drawing {
    pub language: String,
    /// In order, each behind its own `Arc`, so an undo step shares every sheet it didn't change.
    pub sheets: Vec<Arc<Sheet>>,
+    /// Set when a newer SolidCraft saved the file this came from.
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    pub newer_file: Option<Arc<NewerDrawing>>,
+}
+
+/// The fields a drawing's record has: anything else in a file is a newer build's.
+const RECORD_FIELDS: [&str; 8] = ["format", "format_pending", "name", "sources", "properties", "units", "language", "sheets"];
+
+/// Move the elements of the list `key` that don't read as `T` out of a newer build's drawing.
+fn take_unread<T: serde::de::DeserializeOwned>(top: &mut serde_json::Map<String, Value>, key: &str, one: &str, file: &mut NewerDrawing) {
+    let Some(Value::Array(list)) = top.get_mut(key) else { return };
+    let mut readable = Vec::with_capacity(list.len());
+    for element in std::mem::take(list) {
+        match DRAWING.check_numbers(&element, "properties").and_then(|()| serde_json::from_value::<T>(element.clone()).map_err(damaged)) {
+            Ok(_) => readable.push(element),
+            Err(why) => {
+                let name = element.get("name").or(element.get("path")).and_then(Value::as_str).unwrap_or("unnamed");
+                file.not_understood.push(format!("{one} `{name}` ({why})"));
+                file.elements.push((key.to_string(), element));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    *list = readable;
+}
+
+/// What a drawing file says and holds that this build doesn't read ([`Drawing::from_newer`]).
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]
+pub struct NewerDrawing {
+    /// The number the file says.
+    pub format: u32,
+    /// The number this build reads up to.
+    pub reads_up_to: u32,
+    /// The changes the file names that this build doesn't have.
+    pub unknown_changes: Vec<String>,
+    /// What this build couldn't read, by name.
+    pub not_understood: Vec<String>,
+    fields: Vec<(String, Value)>,
+    elements: Vec<(String, Value)>,
+}
+
+impl NewerDrawing {
+    /// What to tell the user.
+    pub fn notice(&self) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "Saved by a newer SolidCraft (format {}, this version reads up to {}). If something's missing, update.",
+            self.format, self.reads_up_to
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn restore(&self, value: &mut Value) {
+        for (key, field) in &self.fields {
+            value[key] = field.clone();
+        }
+        for (key, element) in &self.elements {
+            if let Some(list) = value.get_mut(key).and_then(Value::as_array_mut) {
+                list.push(element.clone());
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }

 /// A design the drawing draws.
@@ -175,6 +234,7 @@ impl Drawing {
            units: Units::default(),
            language: language.into(),
            sheets: vec![Arc::new(first)],
+            newer_file: None,
        };
        drawing.validate()?;
        Ok(drawing)
@@ -188,11 +248,65 @@ impl Drawing {
        }
        let mut v: Value = serde_json::from_str(s).map_err(|e| DocError::Invalid(format!("not a SolidCraft drawing: {e}")))?;
        let (version, applied) = DRAWING.take_version(&mut v)?;
+        if let Some(newer) = DRAWING.newer(version, applied.as_deref()) {
+            return Self::from_newer(v, version, applied, newer);
+        }
+        let d = Self::decode(v, version, applied.as_deref())?;
+        Ok(Drawing { format: DRAWING.format_string(DRAWING.current()), format_pending: DRAWING.pending_names(), ..d })
+    }
+
+    fn decode(mut v: Value, version: u32, applied: Option<&[String]>) -> Result<Drawing> {
        DRAWING.check_numbers(&v, "properties")?;
-        DRAWING.upgrade(&mut v, version, applied.as_deref())?;
+        DRAWING.upgrade(&mut v, version, applied)?;
        let d: Drawing = serde_json::from_value(v).map_err(damaged)?;
        d.validate().map_err(damaged)?;
-        Ok(Drawing { format: DRAWING.format_string(DRAWING.current()), format_pending: DRAWING.pending_names(), ..d })
+        Ok(d)
+    }
+
+    /// A drawing a newer build saved: it opens with what this build can read of it. Everything in a
+    /// drawing refuses a field it doesn't know, so what it can't read shows as a top-level field,
+    /// a source or a sheet that doesn't read, which stays out and is named in
+    /// [`NewerDrawing::not_understood`]; [`Drawing::to_json`] writes it all back, with the file's
+    /// format. It takes at least one sheet this build can read to open.
+    fn from_newer(mut v: Value, version: u32, applied: Option<Vec<String>>, newer: crate::format::Newer) -> Result<Drawing> {
+        let list = applied.as_deref();
+        let can_read = |v: Value| Self::decode(v, version, list).map_err(|e| e.to_string());
+        let mut file = NewerDrawing {
+            format: newer.format,
+            reads_up_to: newer.reads_up_to,
+            unknown_changes: newer.unknown_changes.clone(),
+            ..NewerDrawing::default()
+        };
+        let mut read = can_read(v.clone());
+        if read.is_err() {
+            let top = v.as_object_mut().ok_or_else(|| damaged("expected a JSON object"))?;
+            let keys: Vec<String> = top.keys().cloned().collect();
+            for key in keys {
+                if !RECORD_FIELDS.contains(&key.as_str())
+                    && let Some(value) = top.remove(&key)
+                {
+                    file.not_understood.push(format!("field `{key}`"));
+                    file.fields.push((key, value));
+                }
+            }
+            take_unread::<Sheet>(top, "sheets", "sheet", &mut file);
+            take_unread::<Source>(top, "sources", "source", &mut file);
+            read = can_read(v);
+        }
+        let d = read.map_err(|why| {
+            DocError::Invalid(format!(
+                "this drawing was saved by a newer SolidCraft (format {}, this version reads up to {}) and this version can't read it: {why}. Update SolidCraft to open it",
+                newer.format, newer.reads_up_to
+            ))
+        })?;
+        let (format, format_pending) = if newer.format > newer.reads_up_to {
+            (DRAWING.format_string(newer.format), applied.unwrap_or_default())
+        } else {
+            let mut pending = DRAWING.pending_names();
+            pending.extend(newer.unknown_changes.iter().cloned());
+            (DRAWING.format_string(DRAWING.current()), pending)
+        };
+        Ok(Drawing { format, format_pending, newer_file: Some(Arc::new(file)), ..d })
    }

    /// The drawing's JSON: the same bytes for the same drawing. JSON longer than a read takes
@@ -200,7 +314,15 @@ impl Drawing {
    /// properties are kept as they came, and indenting them can make a drawing that read in
    /// under the limit save over it.
    pub fn to_json(&self) -> Result<String> {
-        let text = serde_json::to_string_pretty(self).map_err(|e| DocError::Invalid(format!("drawing not saved: {e}")))?;
+        let unsaved = |e: serde_json::Error| DocError::Invalid(format!("drawing not saved: {e}"));
+        let text = match &self.newer_file {
+            None => serde_json::to_string_pretty(self).map_err(unsaved)?,
+            Some(file) => {
+                let mut value = serde_json::to_value(self).map_err(unsaved)?;
+                file.restore(&mut value);
+                serde_json::to_string_pretty(&value).map_err(unsaved)?
+            }
+        };
        require(text.len() <= MAX_DRAWING_BYTES, || format!("drawing too large to save (at most {} MiB)", MAX_DRAWING_BYTES >> 20))?;
        Ok(text)
    }
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ whole format bump: never edit the `DRAWING` family in `format.rs`, another chang

 - Name it after the change, lowercase with dashes: `sheet-views.rs`.
 - Start it with a `//!` note: what is saved, what an older drawing gets without it, and what
-  the last release does with a drawing that has it (it refuses the newer format number).
+  the last release does with a drawing that has it (it warns about the newer format number, opens what it can read and keeps the rest).
 - If older drawings must be rewritten as they open, add the step to the same file:

  ```rust
@@ -325,28 +325,28 @@ fn damaged_files_are_refused_and_never_patched() {
        let why = refused(&d, edit);
        assert!(why.starts_with("damaged drawing: ") && why.contains("unknown field"), "{i}: {why}");
    }
-    // A newer build's file is refused as one before anything in it is read: a field this build
-    // doesn't know, or a number out of its range.
+    // A newer build's file isn't held to this build's rules: a field it doesn't know, or a sheet with
+    // a number out of range, stays out. With no sheet left to show, it says why.
    let (current, newer) = (DRAWING.current(), DRAWING.current() + 1);
    let why = refused(&d, |v| {
        v["format"] = json!(DRAWING.format_string(newer));
        v["views"] = json!([]);
-        v["sheets"][0]["dpi"] = json!(1e10);
    });
-    assert_eq!(
-        why,
-        format!(
-            "this drawing was saved by a newer SolidCraft (file format {newer}; this version reads formats up to {current}): update SolidCraft to open it"
-        )
+    assert_eq!(why, "read");
+    let why = refused(&d, |v| {
+        v["format"] = json!(DRAWING.format_string(newer));
+        v["sheets"] = json!([{"id": "future", "a_future_field": true}]);
+    });
+    assert!(
+        why.starts_with(&format!(
+            "this drawing was saved by a newer SolidCraft (format {newer}, this version reads up to {current}) and this version can't read it: "
+        )),
+        "{why}"
    );
    // A list of pending changes means nothing beside a format made of none; beside the pending
    // number, a change this build doesn't know is a newer build's.
    let why = refused(&d, |v| v["format_pending"] = json!(["a-later-change"]));
-    if DRAWING.pending_names().is_empty() {
-        assert_eq!(why, "read");
-    } else {
-        assert!(why.contains("newer SolidCraft"), "{why}");
-    }
+    assert_eq!(why, "read");
    // A design is never read as a drawing, nor a drawing as a design.
    let design = crate::Document::new("Plate").to_json();
    let design_format = crate::format::format_string(crate::format::FORMAT);
@@ -551,3 +551,32 @@ fn mutate(v: &mut Value, pick: &mut usize, lie: &Value, how: u64) -> bool {
        _ => false,
    }
 }
+
+/// A drawing a newer build saved opens, with what it can read, and saving keeps the rest.
+#[test]
+fn a_newer_builds_drawing_opens_and_keeps_what_it_cant_read() {
+    let d = plate();
+    let mut file: Value = file(&d);
+    assert!(file.as_object().unwrap().keys().all(|key| RECORD_FIELDS.contains(&key.as_str())), "a new field goes in RECORD_FIELDS");
+    let newer = DRAWING.format_string(DRAWING.current() + 1);
+    file["format"] = json!(newer);
+    // With nothing it can't read: the same drawing.
+    let opened = Drawing::from_json(&file.to_string()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(opened.sheets, d.sheets);
+    assert!(opened.newer_file.as_ref().unwrap().notice().starts_with("Saved by a newer SolidCraft"));
+    assert_eq!(serde_json::from_str::<Value>(&opened.to_json().unwrap()).unwrap()["format"], json!(newer));
+    // A field and a second sheet it can't read stay out, named, and go back.
+    file["views"] = json!([{"id": "a"}]);
+    let mut future_sheet = file["sheets"][0].clone();
+    future_sheet["name"] = json!("Future");
+    future_sheet["future_layers"] = json!([1]);
+    file["sheets"].as_array_mut().unwrap().push(future_sheet);
+    let opened = Drawing::from_json(&file.to_string()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(opened.sheets, d.sheets);
+    let said = &opened.newer_file.as_ref().unwrap().not_understood;
+    assert!(said.iter().any(|what| what.contains("views")) && said.iter().any(|what| what.contains("Future")), "{said:?}");
+    let again: Value = serde_json::from_str(&opened.to_json().unwrap()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(again["views"], file["views"]);
+    assert_eq!(again["sheets"].as_array().unwrap().len(), d.sheets.len() + 1);
+    assert_eq!(again["format"], json!(newer));
+}
@@ -254,6 +254,35 @@ impl ModelBody {
        self.mesh.clone()
    }

+    /// Identity of the display cells of the solid this body shows: its own, or for a rigidly
+    /// placed copy its definition's (shared by every placement of it).
+    fn solid_id(&self) -> usize {
+        self.mesh_placement.as_deref().map_or(Arc::as_ptr(&self.mesh) as usize, placed_mesh::PlacedMesh::definition_id)
+    }
+
+    /// How this body is drawn moved from `before`: [`crate::IDENTITY`] when it is `before` where
+    /// it stood (its meshes and plans the same), the rigid motion between them when it is the same
+    /// solid placed elsewhere (a dragged component's body: `before`'s meshes and plans drawn moved
+    /// show it; a definition shown where it is defined is its own placement), `None` when it is
+    /// another body or its geometry differs.
+    pub fn display_moved_from(&self, before: &ModelBody) -> Option<crate::Mat> {
+        if self.name != before.name || self.solid_id() != before.solid_id() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let (now, was) = (self.mesh_placement.as_deref(), before.mesh_placement.as_deref());
+        if let (Some(now), Some(was)) = (now, was)
+            && now.tolerance.to_bits() != was.tolerance.to_bits()
+        {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let at = |p: Option<&placed_mesh::PlacedMesh>| p.map_or(crate::IDENTITY, |p| *p.transform());
+        let (now, was) = (at(now), at(was));
+        if now == was {
+            return Some(crate::IDENTITY);
+        }
+        Some(crate::mat_mul(&now, &crate::mat_inverse(&was)?))
+    }
+
    /// [`ModelBody::mesh`] as a shared mesh and the move that places it: for a rigid placement
    /// of a definition, the definition's own mesh (the same one for every placement of it) and
    /// the placement; for any other body its own mesh, unmoved. The mesh moved by the matrix is
@@ -438,6 +467,21 @@ fn removed_note(gone: &[Vec3]) -> String {
    }
 }

+thread_local! {
+    /// Current feature evaluation validation mode (`EachStep`, `EachFeature`, or `Off`).
+    static EVAL_VALIDATION: std::cell::Cell<kernel::Validation> = const { std::cell::Cell::new(kernel::Validation::EachFeature) };
+}
+
+/// Restores `EVAL_VALIDATION` to its previous value when dropped.
+struct EvalValidationGuard(kernel::Validation);
+
+impl Drop for EvalValidationGuard {
+    /// Restores the saved validation mode on scope exit.
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        EVAL_VALIDATION.set(self.0);
+    }
+}
+
 /// A blend's refusal as too large (`why`) with the largest `size` (radius, distance) that fits,
 /// as `search` finds it by building candidates ([`kernel::fillet_max`]): the refusal as it is
 /// when none fits or the search itself fails (a candidate failing for another reason says
@@ -447,6 +491,9 @@ fn with_largest_fit(
    size: &str,
    search: impl FnOnce() -> std::result::Result<Option<(f64, kernel::Body)>, kernel::KernelError>,
 ) -> kernel::KernelError {
+    if EVAL_VALIDATION.get() == kernel::Validation::Off {
+        return kernel::KernelError::TooLarge(why);
+    }
    // On solidcore the refusal names a size already, less a margin (34.99 where 35 builds), and
    // its edge: the edge stays, the size is the largest the search builds, solidcore's where the
    // search finds none.
@@ -659,7 +706,7 @@ impl ModelState {
    }

    /// A digest of everything later features can read: bodies (by content identity), sketches,
-    /// the body counter, threads and sheet bodies.
+    /// the body counter, threads, sheet bodies and construction geometry.
    fn digest(&self) -> u64 {
        let mut h = std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher::new();
        for b in &self.bodies {
@@ -701,12 +748,19 @@ impl ModelState {
        }
        serde_json::to_string(&self.threads).unwrap_or_default().hash(&mut h);
        serde_json::to_string(&self.sheets).unwrap_or_default().hash(&mut h);
+        // Construction axes, planes and points so far: features find them here by name, and a
+        // result taken from the cache brings back the ones it was made with, so one moved past
+        // a feature must change the key (#9544). A state without any hashes as before.
+        if !self.construct.is_empty() {
+            serde_json::to_string(&self.construct).unwrap_or_default().hash(&mut h);
+        }
        h.finish()
    }

    /// After a feature evaluated to this state from `before` with cache key `key`: bodies it
    /// made or changed take that key, sketches it made a digest of their solved geometry (see
    /// [`quantize`]); the rest keep theirs.
+    /// `f` must have gone through [`naming_feature`]: face naming reads no parameter values.
    fn stamp(&mut self, doc: &Document, before: &Arc<ModelState>, f: &Feature, key: u64, mats: Vec<Mat>) {
        let feature = f.id;
        let depth = before.bodies.iter().filter_map(|b| b.names.depth()).max().unwrap_or(0) + 1;
@@ -777,7 +831,7 @@ impl ModelState {
            let mut h = std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher::new();
            serde_json::to_string(&s.plane).unwrap_or_default().hash(&mut h);
            let mut sketch = s.sketch.clone();
-            quantize(&mut sketch);
+            fingerprint_sketch(&mut sketch);
            serde_json::to_string(&sketch).unwrap_or_default().hash(&mut h);
            s.report.ok().hash(&mut h);
            self.sketch_keys.insert(feature, h.finish());
@@ -1084,8 +1138,8 @@ pub struct Model {
    pub no_cache: bool,
    /// Results kept besides the cache ([`Model::keep`]).
    kept: KeptSlot,
-    /// The imported texts' digests the last `evaluate` fingerprinted the features with.
-    step_digests: StepDigests,
+    /// Embedded imports' content digests from the last evaluation.
+    import_digests: ImportDigests,
    /// The address of the shared document whose fingerprints the results were last given in
    /// full, with [`fingerprints_digest`] of them then ([`Model::pinned_prefix`]). Only an
    /// address: a reference to the document would make every in-place edit of it a copy.
@@ -1124,7 +1178,7 @@ fn param_names(f: &Feature) -> Vec<String> {
    names
 }

-fn fingerprint(doc: &Document, prev: u64, f: &Feature, vals: &BTreeMap<String, Value>, rolled_back: bool, steps: &StepDigests) -> u64 {
+fn fingerprint(doc: &Document, prev: u64, f: &Feature, vals: &BTreeMap<String, Value>, rolled_back: bool, steps: &ImportDigests) -> u64 {
    let mut h = std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher::new();
    prev.hash(&mut h);
    rolled_back.hash(&mut h);
@@ -1145,34 +1199,73 @@ fn fingerprint(doc: &Document, prev: u64, f: &Feature, vals: &BTreeMap<String, V
    h.finish()
 }

-/// The digests of the Import features' STEP texts, by feature id, with the text each was taken
-/// from. Every evaluation fingerprints every feature, and writing out a design's imported files
-/// each time made every command as slow as the files are large: a text is shared (`Arc`), so
-/// its digest is taken once and kept while the feature holds that same text.
+/// Content digests for embedded imports. Shared, unchanged arrays/text are read once;
+/// feature metadata is still fingerprinted on every evaluation. Rebuilding this map prunes
+/// removed features and never trusts an address without retaining and checking its Arc.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
-struct StepDigests(std::collections::HashMap<u64, (Arc<str>, u64)>);
+struct ImportDigests {
+    steps: std::collections::HashMap<u64, (Arc<str>, u64)>,
+    meshes: std::collections::HashMap<u64, Vec<MeshDigest>>,
+}

-impl StepDigests {
-    /// The digests of `doc`'s imported texts, reusing `known` for texts it has seen.
-    fn of(doc: &Document, known: &StepDigests) -> StepDigests {
-        let texts = doc.features.iter().filter_map(|f| match &f.kind {
-            FeatureKind::Import { step, .. } => Some((f.id, step)),
-            _ => None,
-        });
-        StepDigests(
-            texts
-                .map(|(id, step)| {
-                    let digest = known.get(id, step).unwrap_or_else(|| step_text_digest(step));
-                    (id, (step.clone(), digest))
-                })
-                .collect(),
-        )
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+struct MeshDigest {
+    positions: Arc<[f64]>,
+    triangles: Arc<[u32]>,
+    digest: u64,
+}
+
+impl MeshDigest {
+    fn matches(&self, mesh: &crate::MeshData) -> bool {
+        Arc::ptr_eq(&self.positions, &mesh.positions) && Arc::ptr_eq(&self.triangles, &mesh.triangles)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ImportDigests {
+    fn of(doc: &Document, known: &ImportDigests) -> ImportDigests {
+        let mut out = ImportDigests::default();
+        for f in &doc.features {
+            match &f.kind {
+                FeatureKind::Import { step, .. } => {
+                    let digest = known.get(f.id, step).unwrap_or_else(|| step_text_digest(step));
+                    out.steps.insert(f.id, (step.clone(), digest));
+                }
+                FeatureKind::MeshImport { meshes, .. } => {
+                    let digests = meshes
+                        .iter()
+                        .enumerate()
+                        .map(|(index, mesh)| {
+                            let digest = known.mesh(f.id, index, mesh).unwrap_or_else(|| mesh_content_digest(mesh));
+                            MeshDigest { positions: mesh.positions.clone(), triangles: mesh.triangles.clone(), digest }
+                        })
+                        .collect();
+                    out.meshes.insert(f.id, digests);
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+        out
    }

-    /// The digest of `step`, when it is the text feature `id` was last seen with.
    fn get(&self, id: u64, step: &Arc<str>) -> Option<u64> {
-        self.0.get(&id).filter(|(text, _)| Arc::ptr_eq(text, step)).map(|(_, digest)| *digest)
+        self.steps.get(&id).filter(|(text, _)| Arc::ptr_eq(text, step)).map(|(_, digest)| *digest)
    }
+
+    fn mesh(&self, id: u64, index: usize, mesh: &crate::MeshData) -> Option<u64> {
+        self.meshes.get(&id)?.get(index).filter(|cached| cached.matches(mesh)).map(|cached| cached.digest)
+    }
+}
+
+fn mesh_content_digest(mesh: &crate::MeshData) -> u64 {
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    cost_tests::count(|c| c.mesh_digested += 1);
+    let mut h = std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher::new();
+    mesh.positions.len().hash(&mut h);
+    for coordinate in mesh.positions.iter() {
+        coordinate.to_bits().hash(&mut h);
+    }
+    mesh.triangles.hash(&mut h);
+    h.finish()
 }

 fn step_text_digest(text: &str) -> u64 {
@@ -1207,13 +1300,20 @@ fn quantize(sk: &mut solidcraft_sketch::Sketch) {
    }
 }

+/// The stored solve as a cache key: on the [`QUANTUM`] grid, without the editor state
+/// (see [`solidcraft_sketch::Sketch::clear_id_counters`]).
+fn fingerprint_sketch(sk: &mut solidcraft_sketch::Sketch) {
+    quantize(sk);
+    sk.clear_id_counters();
+}
+
 /// A feature as fingerprinted: its definition, a sketch's stored solve quantized, an imported
-/// file's text by its digest.
+/// file's text or mesh payload by its content digest.
 /// Hash [`feature_json`] of `f` into `h`. Every evaluation fingerprints every feature, and in a
 /// design built command by command almost all of them are the same as last time: the text of a
 /// feature is kept (by id) with the feature it was written from, and written again only when the
-/// feature differs. An Import's text also depends on its STEP digest, so it is written each time
-/// as before.
+/// feature differs. Embedded imports also depend on their content digests, so their small
+/// metadata-and-digest representation is written each time without comparing large arrays.
 ///
 /// The texts are shared by every thread: a command evaluated ahead runs on a new worker thread
 /// each time (the desktop's deferred commands and delete checks, the control channel's ahead
@@ -1221,10 +1321,10 @@ fn quantize(sk: &mut solidcraft_sketch::Sketch) {
 /// feature again. The lock is held only to look up or store an entry, never while a feature is
 /// compared or written; an entry is the same whichever thread wrote it, since the text is a
 /// function of the feature alone.
-fn hash_feature_json(f: &Feature, steps: &StepDigests, h: &mut impl Hasher) {
+fn hash_feature_json(f: &Feature, steps: &ImportDigests, h: &mut impl Hasher) {
    type Written = std::collections::HashMap<u64, Arc<(Feature, String)>>;
    static WRITTEN: std::sync::LazyLock<std::sync::Mutex<Written>> = std::sync::LazyLock::new(Default::default);
-    if matches!(f.kind, FeatureKind::Import { .. }) {
+    if matches!(f.kind, FeatureKind::Import { .. } | FeatureKind::MeshImport { .. }) {
        feature_json(f, steps).hash(h);
        return;
    }
@@ -1247,7 +1347,21 @@ fn hash_feature_json(f: &Feature, steps: &StepDigests, h: &mut impl Hasher) {
    written.insert(f.id, entry);
 }

-fn feature_json(f: &Feature, steps: &StepDigests) -> String {
+fn feature_json(f: &Feature, steps: &ImportDigests) -> String {
+    if matches!(&f.kind, FeatureKind::MeshImport { .. }) {
+        let mut g = f.clone();
+        let mut digests = Vec::new();
+        if let FeatureKind::MeshImport { meshes, .. } = &mut g.kind {
+            for (index, mesh) in meshes.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+                digests.push(steps.mesh(f.id, index, mesh).unwrap_or_else(|| mesh_content_digest(mesh)));
+                mesh.positions = Arc::from([]);
+                mesh.triangles = Arc::from([]);
+            }
+        }
+        // Keep the complete definition (including mesh order, names and colors) without
+        // writing the large numeric arrays out again. Equal content in fresh Arcs hashes alike.
+        return serde_json::to_string(&(g, digests)).unwrap_or_default();
+    }
    if let FeatureKind::Import { step, .. } = &f.kind {
        let mut g = f.clone();
        if let FeatureKind::Import { step: text, .. } = &mut g.kind {
@@ -1259,7 +1373,7 @@ fn feature_json(f: &Feature, steps: &StepDigests) -> String {
    if let FeatureKind::Sketch { .. } = &f.kind {
        let mut g = f.clone();
        if let FeatureKind::Sketch { sketch, .. } = &mut g.kind {
-            quantize(sketch);
+            fingerprint_sketch(sketch);
        }
        return serde_json::to_string(&g).unwrap_or_default();
    }
@@ -1322,6 +1436,12 @@ impl Document {
    pub fn evaluation_values(&self) -> BTreeMap<String, Value> {
        evaluation_values(self).0
    }
+
+    /// A placement point read as the features read it: the parameters, and a bare number
+    /// beside them in the design's length unit (#9015).
+    pub fn eval_point(&self, p: &crate::PointExpr) -> Result<Vec3> {
+        point(&self.evaluation_values(), p)
+    }
 }

 /// The values features are evaluated with: the parameters, and the design's length unit.
@@ -1344,7 +1464,7 @@ fn chain_fingerprint(
    f: &Feature,
    prev: u64,
    rolled_back: bool,
-    steps: &StepDigests,
+    steps: &ImportDigests,
    st: Option<&ModelState>,
 ) -> u64 {
    let mut fp = fingerprint(doc, prev, f, vals, rolled_back, steps) ^ placement_digest(doc, f, st);
@@ -1422,7 +1542,7 @@ fn context_digest(doc: &Document, vals: &BTreeMap<String, Value>) -> u64 {
    for f in doc.features.iter().filter(|f| {
        matches!(f.kind, FeatureKind::ConstructionPlane { .. } | FeatureKind::ConstructionAxis { .. } | FeatureKind::ConstructionPoint { .. })
    }) {
-        fingerprint(doc, 0, f, vals, false, &StepDigests::default()).hash(&mut h);
+        fingerprint(doc, 0, f, vals, false, &ImportDigests::default()).hash(&mut h);
    }
    doc.units.hash(&mut h);
    serde_json::to_string(&doc.sheet).unwrap_or_default().hash(&mut h);
@@ -1504,6 +1624,9 @@ fn cache_key(f: &Feature, chain_fp: u64, local: u64, ctx: u64, state: &ModelStat
 #[derive(Default)]
 struct PlacementReads {
    all: bool,
+    /// A body named that `st` lacks: a further placement's (`Block (Part:2)`), found through
+    /// its occurrence (#9957), or gone.
+    unlisted: bool,
    components: std::collections::BTreeSet<u64>,
    paths: Vec<Vec<u64>>,
    bodies: std::collections::BTreeSet<String>,
@@ -1542,14 +1665,17 @@ impl PlacementReads {
        }
    }

-    /// The component of body `name` in `st`; every component when the body is not there (a
-    /// projection then takes the body nearest its point, wherever that is).
+    /// The component of body `name` in `st`; every component and every placement when the body
+    /// is not there (a further placement's body, or the body nearest its point, wherever that is).
    fn body(&mut self, doc: &Document, st: Option<&ModelState>, name: &str) {
        match st.and_then(|st| st.body(name)) {
            Some(b) => {
                self.components.insert(doc.model_body_component(b));
            }
-            None => self.all = true,
+            None => {
+                self.all = true;
+                self.unlisted = true;
+            }
        }
    }

@@ -1785,6 +1911,9 @@ fn placement_digest(doc: &Document, f: &Feature, st: Option<&ModelState>) -> u64
        }
    }
    hash_placed_bodies(doc, st, &reads.bodies, &inverse, &mut h);
+    if reads.unlisted {
+        placements_hash(doc).hash(&mut h);
+    }
    // Legacy and component-wide reads still need the conservative offset dependency. Body
    // reads above already include just their own offsets, in the frame that evaluates them.
    if reads.all || !reads.components.is_empty() || !reads.paths.is_empty() {
@@ -1922,7 +2051,7 @@ impl Model {
        }
        // The fingerprints from the first stored sketch on.
        let vals = evaluation_values(doc).0;
-        let steps = StepDigests::of(doc, &self.step_digests);
+        let steps = ImportDigests::of(doc, &self.import_digests);
        let marker = doc.marker.unwrap_or(usize::MAX);
        let mut prev_fp = first.checked_sub(1).and_then(|i| self.results.get(i)).map_or(0, |r| r.fingerprint);
        for (i, f) in doc.features.iter().enumerate().skip(first) {
@@ -1972,7 +2101,7 @@ impl Model {
            return false;
        }
        let vals = evaluation_values(doc).0;
-        let steps = StepDigests::of(doc, &self.step_digests);
+        let steps = ImportDigests::of(doc, &self.import_digests);
        let marker = doc.marker.unwrap_or(usize::MAX);
        let mut prev = 0;
        // The model each feature starts from (which components the bodies it names are in).
@@ -2037,7 +2166,7 @@ impl Model {
        let previous_context = self.context;
        let mut rolled_results = std::mem::take(&mut self.rolled_results);
        self.context = ctx;
-        self.step_digests = StepDigests::of(doc, &self.step_digests);
+        self.import_digests = ImportDigests::of(doc, &self.import_digests);
        let primed = self.primed.as_ref().filter(|(context, _)| !self.no_cache && *context == ctx).map(|(_, results)| results.clone());
        // Each feature's component, for `Document::legacy_body_component` on every body after
        // every feature without searching the timeline for each (the first feature with an id).
@@ -2072,7 +2201,7 @@ impl Model {
            };
            // Opening was cancelled: the rest is skipped and the result discarded.
            let cancelled = watched.step(i);
-            let fp = chain_fingerprint(doc, &vals, f, prev_fp, rolled_back, &self.step_digests, Some(&state));
+            let fp = chain_fingerprint(doc, &vals, f, prev_fp, rolled_back, &self.import_digests, Some(&state));
            prev_fp = fp;
            let current = |old: &&FeatureResult| old.id == f.id && old.fingerprint == fp && !old.stale;
            // A state the saved model did not keep is evaluated again from the one before it; the
@@ -2148,7 +2277,7 @@ impl Model {
            }
            // The same feature on the same inputs: its earlier result.
            let key =
-                cache_key(f, fp, fingerprint(doc, 0, f, &vals, false, &self.step_digests) ^ placement_digest(doc, f, Some(&state)), ctx, &state);
+                cache_key(f, fp, fingerprint(doc, 0, f, &vals, false, &self.import_digests) ^ placement_digest(doc, f, Some(&state)), ctx, &state);
            let kept = self.kept.0.as_ref().filter(|_| !self.no_cache);
            if !self.no_cache
                && let Some(c) = self
@@ -2239,6 +2368,7 @@ impl Model {
            let r = match frame_error.or(bad_param) {
                Some(e) => Err(kernel::KernelError::Failed(e)),
                None => kernel::guard(&f.name, || {
+                    let _val_guard = EvalValidationGuard(EVAL_VALIDATION.replace(validation));
                    let (r, deferred) =
                        kernel::validating(validation, || eval_feature(doc, &vals, f, &mut next, &mut warning, &mut import_report, &mut repair));
                    r.map_err(|e| match e {
@@ -2283,7 +2413,9 @@ impl Model {
                        }
                        _ => mats,
                    };
-                    next.stamp(doc, &state, f, key, mats);
+                    // A revolve axis origin that follows parameters names its faces from its values.
+                    let named = naming_feature(&vals, f);
+                    next.stamp(doc, &state, &named, key, mats);
                    // Evaluated again only for what came before it (a mirror moved by a drag).
                    if let Some(old) = self.results.get(i).filter(|old| old.id == f.id) {
                        let made = old.state.bodies.iter().filter(|b| b.feature == f.id).map(|b| (b.name.as_str(), b));
@@ -2502,7 +2634,7 @@ impl Model {
    pub(crate) fn refingerprint_from(&mut self, doc: &Document, start: usize) {
        self.placement_inputs = None;
        self.fingerprinted = None;
-        self.step_digests = StepDigests::of(doc, &self.step_digests);
+        self.import_digests = ImportDigests::of(doc, &self.import_digests);
        let start = start.min(self.results.len()).min(doc.features.len());
        if start == self.results.len().min(doc.features.len()) {
            return;
@@ -2514,7 +2646,7 @@ impl Model {
        // Each feature's fingerprint reads the model it starts from, as evaluating does.
        let mut before = last.map_or_else(|| Arc::new(ModelState::default()), |r| r.state.clone());
        for (i, (r, f)) in self.results.iter_mut().zip(&doc.features).enumerate().skip(start) {
-            prev = chain_fingerprint(doc, &vals, f, prev, i >= marker, &self.step_digests, Some(&before));
+            prev = chain_fingerprint(doc, &vals, f, prev, i >= marker, &self.import_digests, Some(&before));
            r.fingerprint = prev;
            before = r.state.clone();
        }
@@ -3600,10 +3732,11 @@ pub fn hole_on_surface(st: &ModelState, p: Vec3, dir: Vec3, scope: &[String]) ->
 /// The faces of the model near `p`: for each, how far `p` is from it, the outward normal there
 /// (the surface's own normal for planes, cylinders and spheres, turned the way the face looks out
 /// of its body; the nearest mesh facet's otherwise) and, for a plane, how far `p` is from the
-/// plane itself. Only faces within `reach` of `p`, nearest first.
-fn faces_through(st: &ModelState, p: Vec3, reach: f64) -> Vec<(f64, Vec3, Option<f64>)> {
+/// plane itself. Only faces within `reach` of `p`, nearest first, of the bodies in `scope`
+/// (every body when it is empty).
+fn faces_through(st: &ModelState, p: Vec3, reach: f64, scope: &[String]) -> Vec<(f64, Vec3, Option<f64>)> {
    let mut out: Vec<(f64, Vec3, Option<f64>)> = Vec::new();
-    for b in st.bodies.iter().filter(|b| !b.body.is_mesh()) {
+    for b in st.bodies.iter().filter(|b| !b.body.is_mesh() && in_hole_scope(scope, b)) {
        let m = b.mesh();
        // The nearest facet of each face of this body.
        let mut near: BTreeMap<u32, (f64, Vec3)> = BTreeMap::new();
@@ -3649,13 +3782,29 @@ fn faces_through(st: &ModelState, p: Vec3, reach: f64) -> Vec<(f64, Vec3, Option
    out
 }

+/// The faces near `p` a hole placed there goes by (as [`faces_through`]): those of the bodies in
+/// `scope`, the hole's own, when one of them passes within `on` of `p`, else those of every body.
+/// Where a plate's face touches another body both faces pass through `p`, and a hole that drills
+/// the plate goes by the plate's face, never the other body's (#12066). A hole placed on another
+/// body's face, to drill through it into its own body behind, still goes by that face.
+fn hole_faces_through(st: &ModelState, p: Vec3, reach: f64, on: f64, scope: &[String]) -> Vec<(f64, Vec3, Option<f64>)> {
+    if !scope.is_empty() {
+        let own = faces_through(st, p, reach, scope);
+        if own.first().is_some_and(|(d, _, _)| *d <= on) {
+            return own;
+        }
+    }
+    faces_through(st, p, reach, &[])
+}
+
 /// The way a hole placed at `p` drills: into the material, against the outward normal of the
 /// face `p` lies on. A point on no face (a planar face's centroid outside it, say) takes the
 /// nearest planar face whose plane it lies in, else the face nearest it within its body's pick
-/// tolerance. None when no face is near.
-pub fn hole_direction_at(st: &ModelState, p: Vec3) -> Option<Vec3> {
+/// tolerance. None when no face is near. Where the faces of several bodies pass through `p`, those
+/// of the bodies in `scope` (the bodies the hole drills; empty for every body) decide.
+pub fn hole_direction_at(st: &ModelState, p: Vec3, scope: &[String]) -> Option<Vec3> {
    let size = st.bodies.iter().map(|b| b.body.size()).fold(1.0, f64::max);
-    let faces = faces_through(st, p, f64::INFINITY);
+    let faces = hole_faces_through(st, p, f64::INFINITY, size * 1e-4, scope);
    if let Some((d, n, _)) = faces.first()
        && *d <= size * 1e-4
    {
@@ -3672,10 +3821,13 @@ pub fn hole_direction_at(st: &ModelState, p: Vec3) -> Option<Vec3> {
 /// starts on (as designs saved before format 18 can say: their direction was taken from any face
 /// whose plane passed near the point, such as the other side of a thin plate or a face of another
 /// body at the same height), it is mirrored in the face it starts on, so it goes in at the same
-/// angle. A direction that enters a face there, or a spot on no face, is kept.
-fn hole_dir_into_face(st: &ModelState, p: Vec3, dir: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
+/// angle. A direction that enters a face there, or a spot on no face, is kept. Where the faces of
+/// the hole's own bodies (`scope`, see [`hole_drill_scope`]) pass through the spot, only they
+/// count: a hole that names the plate it drills, saved with the direction into a body touching
+/// the plate there, drills the plate (#12066).
+fn hole_dir_into_face(st: &ModelState, p: Vec3, dir: Vec3, scope: &[String]) -> Vec3 {
    let size = st.bodies.iter().map(|b| b.body.size()).fold(1.0, f64::max);
-    let faces = faces_through(st, p, size * 1e-5);
+    let faces = hole_faces_through(st, p, size * 1e-5, size * 1e-5, scope);
    if faces.is_empty() || faces.iter().any(|(_, n, _)| n.dot(dir) < -1e-9) {
        return dir;
    }
@@ -4147,10 +4299,26 @@ fn blend_body(
    Ok((Traced::step(nb.with_preserved_planar_sources(&mb.body)?, &[&from]), used, tapered))
 }

+/// `f` as the naming of its faces reads it: a revolve's explicit axis origin written as the values
+/// it has now (the naming has no parameter values to read an expression with).
+fn naming_feature<'a>(vals: &BTreeMap<String, Value>, f: &'a Feature) -> std::borrow::Cow<'a, Feature> {
+    if let FeatureKind::Revolve { axis: AxisRef::Line { origin, .. }, .. } = &f.kind
+        && let Ok(o) = point(vals, origin)
+    {
+        let mut g = f.clone();
+        if let FeatureKind::Revolve { axis: AxisRef::Line { origin, .. }, .. } = &mut g.kind {
+            *origin = [format!("{} mm", o.x).into(), format!("{} mm", o.y).into(), format!("{} mm", o.z).into()];
+        }
+        return std::borrow::Cow::Owned(g);
+    }
+    std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed(f)
+}
+
 /// The revolve axis in the sketch's plane coordinates (a point and a direction). `st` is the model
 /// an axis on an edge or face of it is found in; `construct` gives a construction axis, by name, in
-/// the sketch's 3D frame.
+/// the sketch's 3D frame; `vals` are the parameter values an explicit axis's origin is read with.
 pub(crate) fn revolve_axis(
+    vals: &BTreeMap<String, Value>,
    ss: &SolvedSketch,
    axis: &AxisRef,
    st: &ModelState,
@@ -4185,7 +4353,7 @@ pub(crate) fn revolve_axis(
            }
            Ok((pl.to_local(Vec3::ZERO), Vec2::new(d.dot(pl.x), d.dot(pl.y))))
        }
-        AxisRef::Line { origin, dir } => line_in_sketch_plane(ss, origin.0, dir.0),
+        AxisRef::Line { origin, dir } => line_in_sketch_plane(ss, point(vals, origin)?, dir.0),
        AxisRef::Model { geo } => {
            let (o, d) = crate::construct::model_axis(st, geo)?;
            line_in_sketch_plane(ss, o, d)
@@ -4294,6 +4462,13 @@ fn hole_scope(f: &Feature) -> &[String] {
    }
 }

+/// The bodies whose faces decide which way a hole placed at a position drills, where they pass
+/// through it: the bodies it cuts when it names them, so a body touching the face there can't
+/// turn it round (#12066). Empty (every body) otherwise, and for `["*"]`.
+fn hole_drill_scope(f: &Feature) -> &[String] {
+    if f.participants.iter().any(|b| b == "*") { &[] } else { &f.participants }
+}
+
 fn in_hole_scope(scope: &[String], b: &ModelBody) -> bool {
    scope.is_empty() || scope.contains(&b.name)
 }
@@ -4319,7 +4494,7 @@ fn hole_spots(vals: &BTreeMap<String, Value>, st: &ModelState, f: &Feature) -> R
            let dir = direction.normalized().ok_or_else(|| DocError::Invalid("hole direction".into()))?;
            let at = hole_on_surface(st, single_hole_position(vals, st, position, at, points)?, dir, &[]);
            let at = with_references(vals, st, f, at, dir, true)?;
-            let dir = hole_dir_into_face(st, at, dir);
+            let dir = hole_dir_into_face(st, at, dir, hole_drill_scope(f));
            return Ok((vec![hole_on_surface(st, at, dir, &[])], dir));
        }
    };
@@ -4367,7 +4542,7 @@ fn hole_spots_raw(vals: &BTreeMap<String, Value>, st: &ModelState, f: &Feature)
            let dir = direction.normalized().ok_or_else(|| DocError::Invalid("hole direction".into()))?;
            let p = single_hole_position(vals, st, position, at, points)?;
            let p = if hole_references(f).is_empty() { p } else { with_references(vals, st, f, hole_on_surface(st, p, dir, &[]), dir, false)? };
-            Ok((vec![p], hole_dir_into_face(st, hole_on_surface(st, p, dir, &[]), dir)))
+            Ok((vec![p], hole_dir_into_face(st, hole_on_surface(st, p, dir, &[]), dir, hole_drill_scope(f))))
        }
    }
 }
@@ -5291,8 +5466,9 @@ fn feature_tools_with_constructor(
                f,
            )?;
            let regions = solidcraft_sketch::merge_regions(&select_profiles(&ss, profiles)?);
-            let (o, d) =
-                revolve_axis(&ss, axis, &*axis_state(doc, st, f.component, axis)?, &|name| construction_axis_in(Some(doc), st, name, f.component))?;
+            let (o, d) = revolve_axis(vals, &ss, axis, &*axis_state(doc, st, f.component, axis)?, &|name| {
+                construction_axis_in(Some(doc), st, name, f.component)
+            })?;
            // To Object is in this feature's component frame: the model as seen from there.
            let tst = if to.is_some() { state_in_frame(doc, st, f.component)? } else { std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed(st) };
            let angles = if to.is_some() {
@@ -5588,13 +5764,13 @@ fn feature_tools_with_constructor(
        FeatureKind::Torus { center, major, minor, .. } => {
            Ok(unnamed(vec![kernel::torus(point(vals, center)?, val(vals, major, Kind::Length)?, val(vals, minor, Kind::Length)?)?]))
        }
-        FeatureKind::Cone { base, axis, radius, top_radius, height, .. } => Ok(unnamed(vec![more::cone(
+        FeatureKind::Cone { base, axis, radius, top_radius, height, .. } => Ok(vec![more::cone(
            point(vals, base)?,
            axis.0,
            val(vals, radius, Kind::Length)?,
            val(vals, top_radius, Kind::Length)?,
            val(vals, height, Kind::Length)?,
-        )?])),
+        )?]),
        FeatureKind::Hole { .. } => Ok(hole_feature_tools(vals, st, f)?.into_iter().map(|(tool, _)| tool).collect()),
        _ => Err(DocError::Invalid(format!("{} cannot be patterned or mirrored yet", f.name))),
    }
@@ -5926,15 +6102,28 @@ fn from_profile_on_closed_path(segs: Vec<solidcore_record::Seg2>, path: &Plane,
 /// Where an extrude of distance `d` starts and ends along the sketch normal, before any start
 /// offset: one side, the other, both (symmetric), or a second distance on the other side.
 ///
-/// A second distance (`distance2`) goes the other way from the first side, wherever that went:
-/// against the normal for `direction: negative` (#2700), and back along it when a negative
-/// distance or a To Object below the sketch sends the first side down.
+/// A second distance (`distance2`) goes the other way from the first side: against the normal,
+/// or along it for `direction: negative` (#2700). Entered distances keep those sides whatever
+/// their signs; a To Object below the sketch or a Through All that reaches down sends the first
+/// side down and the second back along the normal.
 pub(crate) fn extent_sides(vals: &BTreeMap<String, Value>, extent: &crate::Extent, d: f64, direction: crate::Direction) -> Result<(f64, f64)> {
    Ok(match (&extent.distance2, direction) {
        (Some(d2), _) => {
-            let first = if direction == crate::Direction::Negative { -d } else { d };
+            let negative = direction == crate::Direction::Negative;
+            let first = if negative { -d } else { d };
            let d2 = val(vals, d2, Kind::Length)?;
-            (if first < 0.0 { d2 } else { -d2 }, first)
+            // An entered distance keeps its side whatever its sign: Direction fixes the sides,
+            // and a sign only turns its own side over. A reach computed from the model (To
+            // Object, Through All) has the sign of where the object is, so the other side
+            // follows it.
+            let second = if extent.second_follows_first || extent.to.is_some() || extent.through_all {
+                if first < 0.0 { d2 } else { -d2 }
+            } else if negative {
+                d2
+            } else {
+                -d2
+            };
+            (second, first)
        }
        (None, crate::Direction::Positive) => (0.0, d),
        (None, crate::Direction::Negative) => (-d, 0.0),
@@ -6614,6 +6803,24 @@ fn replay(
            }
            continue;
        }
+        // A moved copy is copied again as a body: each instance is the copy the Move made,
+        // placed by the pattern (#5931).
+        if let FeatureKind::Move { copy: true, .. } = &src.kind {
+            let made: Vec<ModelBody> = st.bodies.iter().filter(|b| b.feature == src.id).cloned().collect();
+            if made.is_empty() {
+                return Err(DocError::Invalid(format!("{} made no copy to repeat", src.name)));
+            }
+            let mut output = 0;
+            for (k, m) in mats.iter().enumerate() {
+                for mb in &made {
+                    let moved = moved_copy(mb, kernel::transform_matrix(&mb.body, *m)?, first + k + 1);
+                    let name = copy_body_name(st, f, output, &mb.name);
+                    st.bodies.push(ModelBody::traced_new(name, moved, f.id));
+                    output += 1;
+                }
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
        let (op, targets) = feature_op(src);
        // A primitive's or a hole's targets are its participants (#1108): the copies change
        // those bodies only, like the feature itself (#2755).
@@ -6976,12 +7183,14 @@ pub(crate) fn sheet_face_plane_in_frame(doc: &Document, st: &ModelState, comp: u
        PlaneRef::Offset { base, distance } => {
            PlaneRef::Offset { base: Box::new(sheet_face_plane_in_frame(doc, st, comp, base)?), distance: distance.clone() }
        }
-        PlaneRef::AtAngle { base, axis_origin, axis_dir, angle, line } => PlaneRef::AtAngle {
+        PlaneRef::AtAngle { base, axis_origin, axis_dir, angle, line, direction_only, pivot } => PlaneRef::AtAngle {
            base: Box::new(sheet_face_plane_in_frame(doc, st, comp, base)?),
            axis_origin: *axis_origin,
            axis_dir: *axis_dir,
            angle: angle.clone(),
            line: line.clone(),
+            direction_only: *direction_only,
+            pivot: pivot.clone(),
        },
        PlaneRef::Flipped { base, about_y } => {
            PlaneRef::Flipped { base: Box::new(sheet_face_plane_in_frame(doc, st, comp, base)?), about_y: *about_y }
@@ -7082,6 +7291,7 @@ fn eval_feature(
    // Its tools meet bodies in other placements where those are shown (#3383).
    let _frames = ToolFrames::install(doc, f, st);
    match &f.kind {
+        FeatureKind::NewerFileFeature { raw } => Err(DocError::Invalid(raw.why())),
        FeatureKind::BodyTransfer { bodies, from, to, transform } => {
            crate::body_transfer::evaluate(doc, st, &crate::plain(bodies), *from, *to, *transform)
        }
@@ -7120,7 +7330,7 @@ fn eval_feature(
        | FeatureKind::Rib { .. }
        | FeatureKind::ReplaceFace { .. }
        | FeatureKind::Align { .. }
-        | FeatureKind::Remove { .. } => more::eval(doc, vals, f, st),
+        | FeatureKind::Remove { .. } => more::eval(doc, vals, f, st, warning),
        FeatureKind::Sketch { plane, sketch } => {
            let anchor = crate::face_anchor::plane_face_anchor(plane);
            let fst = match anchor {
@@ -7131,6 +7341,14 @@ fn eval_feature(
                None if !plane_reads_geometry(plane) && sketch.links.is_empty() => std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed(st),
                None => state_in_frame(doc, st, f.component)?,
            };
+            // A further placement a link reads is placed in its frame too (#9957).
+            let named: Vec<&str> = sketch.links.iter().flat_map(|l| l.source.bodies()).collect();
+            let fst = match anchor.map(|anchor| anchor.author_frame(doc, f.component)) {
+                _ if named.is_empty() => fst,
+                Some(Ok(frame)) => with_placed_copies(doc, st, fst, &frame, &named),
+                Some(Err(_)) => fst,
+                None => with_placed_copies(doc, st, fst, &doc.component_transform(f.component), &named),
+            };
            let (plane, face_warning) = match (anchor, plane) {
                (Some(_), plane) => doc.resolve_attached_plane_noted(vals, plane, f.component, st, &fst)?,
                // A flat face of a sheet: the panel's exact plane, from its flat region and fold.
@@ -7772,8 +7990,8 @@ fn eval_feature(
        FeatureKind::Cone { base, axis, radius, top_radius, height, operation } => {
            let (radius, top_radius, height) =
                (val(vals, radius, Kind::Length)?, val(vals, top_radius, Kind::Length)?, val(vals, height, Kind::Length)?);
-            let b = more::cone(point(vals, base)?, axis.0, radius, top_radius, height)?;
-            apply_op(doc, st, f, vec![b], *operation, &[])
+            let tool = more::cone(point(vals, base)?, axis.0, radius, top_radius, height)?;
+            apply_traced(doc, st, f, vec![tool], *operation, &[])
        }
        FeatureKind::Combine { target, tools, operation, keep_tools } => {
            if tools.iter().any(|t| t == target) {
@@ -8122,7 +8340,7 @@ fn move_constructions_with(doc: &Document, st: &mut ModelState, moved: &[crate::
 fn plane_is_fixed(plane: &PlaneRef) -> bool {
    match plane {
        PlaneRef::Origin { .. } | PlaneRef::Custom { .. } | PlaneRef::Placed { .. } => true,
-        PlaneRef::AtAngle { line: Some(_), .. } => false,
+        PlaneRef::AtAngle { line: Some(_), .. } | PlaneRef::AtAngle { pivot: Some(_), .. } => false,
        PlaneRef::Offset { base, .. } | PlaneRef::AtAngle { base, .. } | PlaneRef::Flipped { base, .. } => plane_is_fixed(base),
        _ => false,
    }
@@ -8133,7 +8351,7 @@ fn plane_is_fixed(plane: &PlaneRef) -> bool {
 fn plane_reads_geometry(plane: &PlaneRef) -> bool {
    match plane {
        PlaneRef::Origin { .. } | PlaneRef::Custom { .. } | PlaneRef::Placed { .. } | PlaneRef::Construction { .. } => false,
-        PlaneRef::AtAngle { line: Some(_), .. } => true,
+        PlaneRef::AtAngle { line: Some(_), .. } | PlaneRef::AtAngle { pivot: Some(_), .. } => true,
        PlaneRef::Offset { base, .. } | PlaneRef::AtAngle { base, .. } | PlaneRef::Flipped { base, .. } => plane_reads_geometry(base),
        PlaneRef::ThroughPoint { .. }
        | PlaneRef::Midplane { .. }
@@ -8368,6 +8586,51 @@ pub fn state_in_frame_at<'a>(doc: &Document, st: &'a ModelState, comp: u64, fram
    Ok(Cow::Owned(out))
 }

+/// `framed` (the model `st` in the frame that `frame` places in the world) with the further
+/// placements `names` names (`Block (Part:2)`), where they are in the world. A component's model
+/// holds its first placement only, so a sketch projecting a copy's face found no body of that
+/// name and took the first placement's (#9957). Only the named ones are placed: placing every
+/// body of an assembly for each sketch made sketch edits as slow as the design is big.
+pub fn with_placed_copies<'a>(
+    doc: &Document,
+    st: &ModelState,
+    framed: std::borrow::Cow<'a, ModelState>,
+    frame: &Mat,
+    names: &[&str],
+) -> std::borrow::Cow<'a, ModelState> {
+    let missing: Vec<&str> = names.iter().copied().filter(|n| !n.is_empty() && framed.body(n).is_none()).collect();
+    if missing.is_empty() || doc.occurrences.is_empty() {
+        return framed;
+    }
+    let Some(inv) = crate::mat_inverse(frame) else { return framed };
+    let mut by_component: std::collections::HashMap<u64, Vec<&ModelBody>> = std::collections::HashMap::new();
+    for (b, owner) in st.bodies.iter().zip(doc.model_body_components(st)) {
+        by_component.entry(owner).or_default().push(b);
+    }
+    let world = crate::WorldNames::new(doc, st);
+    let mut placed: Vec<ModelBody> = Vec::new();
+    for (comp, path, m) in doc.placements() {
+        for b in by_component.get(&comp).into_iter().flatten() {
+            let name = world.name(&b.name, comp, &path);
+            if !missing.contains(&name.as_str()) || placed.iter().any(|p| p.name == name) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let bm = doc.model_body_offset(b).map(|o| crate::mat_mul(&m, o)).unwrap_or(m);
+            if let Ok(mut copy) = st.body_in_frame(b, &crate::mat_mul(&inv, &bm)) {
+                copy.name = name;
+                copy.source_name = Some(b.definition_name().to_string());
+                placed.push(copy);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if placed.is_empty() {
+        return framed;
+    }
+    let mut out = framed.into_owned();
+    out.bodies.extend(placed);
+    std::borrow::Cow::Owned(out)
+}
+
 /// The model placed in the world: each component's bodies, sketches, threads and construction
 /// geometry through every occurrence of it (bodies of the first placement keep their names;
 /// further instances get the occurrence path in brackets). Without components this is the model
@@ -8795,6 +9058,49 @@ mod world_placement_cache_tests {
        assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&original_mesh, &again.body("Block").unwrap().mesh()));
        assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&names, &crate::naming::face_names(again.body(&second_name).unwrap())));
    }
+
+    /// A dragged component's bodies are drawn from the meshes and plans made where the drag found
+    /// them, moved: each is the same solid moved rigidly, the others stand where they were, and a
+    /// body whose geometry changed is no such move.
+    #[test]
+    fn a_moved_placement_is_drawn_moved_from_where_it_stood() {
+        // A placement moved, and the part moved off where it is defined.
+        for from_definition in [false, true] {
+            let mut doc = Document::new("placements");
+            let component = doc.add_component(Some("Part"), 0).unwrap();
+            doc.body_components.insert("Block".into(), component);
+            let start = if from_definition { crate::IDENTITY } else { crate::rigid(Vec3::new(10., 20., 0.), Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Z, 0.4) };
+            let second = doc.add_occurrence(component, 0, start).unwrap();
+            let mut state = ModelState::default();
+            state.bodies.push(ModelBody::new("Block".into(), kernel::box_solid(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::new(2., 3., 4.)).unwrap(), 1));
+            let before = world_state(&doc, &state).unwrap();
+            let delta = crate::rigid(Vec3::new(4., -7., 1.5), Vec3::new(1., 1., 0.), Vec3::new(0., 1., 1.), 0.6);
+            let moved = doc.occurrences.iter_mut().find(|o| o.id == second).unwrap();
+            moved.transform = crate::mat_mul(&delta, &moved.transform);
+            let after = world_state(&doc, &state).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(after.bodies.len(), 2);
+            let mut moves = 0;
+            for now in &after.bodies {
+                let was = before.body(&now.name).unwrap();
+                let d = now.display_moved_from(was).unwrap();
+                if d == crate::IDENTITY {
+                    assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&now.mesh(), &was.mesh()), "{}: unchanged, the same mesh", now.name);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                moves += 1;
+                assert!(d.iter().flatten().zip(delta.iter().flatten()).all(|(a, b)| (a - b).abs() < 1e-9), "{}: {d:?}", now.name);
+                // `was`'s mesh drawn moved is `now`'s.
+                for (p, q) in was.mesh().positions.iter().zip(&now.mesh().positions) {
+                    assert!(crate::apply_point(&d, *p).dist(*q) < 1e-9);
+                }
+            }
+            assert_eq!(moves, 1, "from its definition: {from_definition}");
+            // Another body, or other geometry: no move draws it.
+            assert!(after.bodies[0].display_moved_from(&before.bodies[1]).is_none());
+            let other = ModelBody::new(before.bodies[0].name.clone(), kernel::box_solid(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::new(1., 1., 1.)).unwrap(), 1);
+            assert!(other.display_moved_from(&before.bodies[0]).is_none());
+        }
+    }
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use solidcraft_sketch::Sketch;
 use crate::eval::{PlacementReads, body_world, hash_placement, placement_digest};
 use crate::*;

-/// Work counted on this thread: bodies moved, STEP texts digested, joint faces and bodies
+/// Work counted on this thread: bodies moved, STEP/mesh contents digested, joint faces and bodies
 /// measured, bodies searched for by name, features searched for by id, bodies a cut (or
 /// intersect) ran its booleans on, bodies searched for the cylinder a tap marking lies on,
 /// bodies whose faces a tapped hole read for its wall, intersects run to find a pattern's copies
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ use crate::*;
 pub(super) struct Counts {
    pub moved: usize,
    pub digested: usize,
+    pub mesh_digested: usize,
    pub joint_faces: usize,
    pub measures: usize,
    pub body_searches: usize,
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ thread_local! {
        Cell::new(Counts {
            moved: 0,
            digested: 0,
+            mesh_digested: 0,
            joint_faces: 0,
            measures: 0,
            body_searches: 0,
@@ -1637,3 +1639,150 @@ fn tools_are_apart_only_when_they_neither_meet_nor_nest() {
    // A rod in the tube's bore, clear of its wall, is apart from it.
    assert!(super::tools_clearly_apart(&[tube, rod(0.0, 0.0, 3.0)]));
 }
+
+fn imported_meshes() -> Document {
+    let mut doc = Document::new("reference meshes");
+    let comp = doc.add_component(Some("Part"), 0).unwrap();
+    let meshes = (0..2)
+        .map(|i| MeshData {
+            name: format!("Mesh{i}"),
+            positions: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 3.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 4.0].into(),
+            triangles: [0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 3, 0, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3].into(),
+            color: Some([0.2, 0.4, 0.6]),
+        })
+        .collect();
+    let id = doc.add_feature(FeatureKind::MeshImport { file: "tetrahedra.stl".into(), meshes }, Some("Meshes")).unwrap();
+    doc.feature_mut(id).unwrap().component = comp;
+    doc
+}
+
+fn meshes_mut(doc: &mut Document) -> &mut Vec<MeshData> {
+    let FeatureKind::MeshImport { meshes, .. } = &mut doc.features[0].kind else { panic!("mesh fixture") };
+    meshes
+}
+
+fn same_as_fresh(doc: &Document, model: &Model) {
+    let mut fresh = Model::new();
+    fresh.no_cache = true;
+    fresh.evaluate(doc);
+    assert_eq!(model.results.iter().map(|r| r.fingerprint).collect::<Vec<_>>(), fresh.results.iter().map(|r| r.fingerprint).collect::<Vec<_>>());
+    let (actual, expected) = (model.state(), fresh.state());
+    assert_eq!(actual.bodies.len(), expected.bodies.len());
+    for (a, b) in actual.bodies.iter().zip(&expected.bodies) {
+        assert_eq!(a.name, b.name);
+        assert_eq!(a.mesh().positions, b.mesh().positions);
+        assert_eq!(a.mesh().triangles, b.mesh().triangles);
+        assert_eq!(a.body.color(), b.body.color());
+    }
+    assert!(model.results.iter().all(|r| r.error.is_none()));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn unchanged_mesh_payloads_are_not_read_again_for_rigid_motion() {
+    let mut doc = imported_meshes();
+    let mut model = Model::new();
+    assert_eq!(counted(|| model.evaluate(&doc)).mesh_digested, 2);
+    for k in 1..5 {
+        doc = doc.clone(); // Undo/preview copies share the arrays, not the document itself.
+        doc.occurrences[0].transform = rigid(Vec3::new(f64::from(k), 2.0, 3.0), Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Z, 0.1 * f64::from(k));
+        assert_eq!(
+            counted(|| {
+                model.evaluate(&doc);
+                assert!(model.is_current(&doc));
+            })
+            .mesh_digested,
+            0
+        );
+        assert_eq!(model.last_recomputed, 0);
+        same_as_fresh(&doc, &model);
+    }
+    let saved = serde_json::to_string(&doc).unwrap();
+    let reopened: Document = serde_json::from_str(&saved).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(counted(|| model.evaluate(&reopened)).mesh_digested, 2, "new array identities must be checked");
+    assert_eq!(model.last_recomputed, 0, "equal content has equal fingerprints");
+    same_as_fresh(&reopened, &model);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn mesh_payload_edits_invalidate_the_cache_and_undo_restores_the_geometry() {
+    let mut doc = imported_meshes();
+    let original = doc.clone();
+    let mut model = Model::new();
+    model.evaluate(&doc);
+    let fingerprint = model.results[0].fingerprint;
+    Arc::make_mut(&mut meshes_mut(&mut doc)[0].positions)[3] = 5.0;
+    assert!(!model.is_current(&doc));
+    assert_eq!(counted(|| model.evaluate(&doc)).mesh_digested, 1);
+    assert_ne!(model.results[0].fingerprint, fingerprint);
+    same_as_fresh(&doc, &model);
+    let edited = doc.clone();
+    Arc::make_mut(&mut meshes_mut(&mut doc)[0].triangles).swap(0, 1);
+    assert_eq!(counted(|| model.evaluate(&doc)).mesh_digested, 1);
+    same_as_fresh(&doc, &model);
+    for restored in [&original, &edited, &original] {
+        model.evaluate(restored);
+        same_as_fresh(restored, &model);
+    }
+    assert_eq!(model.results[0].fingerprint, fingerprint);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn mesh_metadata_and_order_remain_part_of_the_fingerprint() {
+    let mut doc = imported_meshes();
+    let mut model = Model::new();
+    model.evaluate(&doc);
+    for edit in 0..7 {
+        let before = model.results[0].fingerprint;
+        match edit {
+            0 => meshes_mut(&mut doc)[0].name = "Renamed".into(),
+            1 => meshes_mut(&mut doc)[0].color = Some([0.8, 0.1, 0.3]),
+            2 => doc.features[0].name = "Renamed feature".into(),
+            3 => meshes_mut(&mut doc).swap(0, 1),
+            4 => {
+                meshes_mut(&mut doc).pop();
+            }
+            5 => {
+                let mesh = meshes_mut(&mut doc)[0].clone();
+                meshes_mut(&mut doc).push(MeshData { name: "Added".into(), ..mesh });
+            }
+            _ => {
+                let FeatureKind::MeshImport { file, .. } = &mut doc.features[0].kind else { panic!("mesh fixture") };
+                *file = "renamed.stl".into();
+            }
+        }
+        assert!(!model.is_current(&doc));
+        let work = counted(|| model.evaluate(&doc));
+        if edit < 3 || edit == 6 {
+            assert_eq!(work.mesh_digested, 0, "metadata alone: {edit}");
+        }
+        assert_ne!(model.results[0].fingerprint, before, "edit {edit}");
+        same_as_fresh(&doc, &model);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn an_added_and_deleted_sketch_entity_keeps_its_fingerprint() {
+    let mut doc = Document::new("sketch fingerprint");
+    let id = doc.add_feature(line_sketch(PlaneRef::Origin { name: "XY".into() }, Vec2::new(10.0, 0.0)), None).unwrap();
+    let mut model = Model::new();
+    model.evaluate(&doc);
+    let key = model.state().sketch_keys.get(&id).copied();
+    let json = super::feature_json(doc.feature(id).unwrap(), &super::ImportDigests::default());
+
+    // Make and delete an id: the counters advance, but the geometry is the same.
+    {
+        let sk = doc.sketch_mut(id).unwrap();
+        let a = sk.add_point(Vec2::new(2.0, 2.0), None).unwrap();
+        let b = sk.add_point(Vec2::new(3.0, 2.0), None).unwrap();
+        let line = sk.add_line_pts(a, b, None).unwrap();
+        sk.remove_curves(&[line]);
+        sk.remove_points(&[b]);
+        sk.remove_points(&[a]);
+    }
+
+    let json_after = super::feature_json(doc.feature(id).unwrap(), &super::ImportDigests::default());
+    assert_eq!(json, json_after, "deleted ids are not geometry");
+    model.evaluate(&doc);
+    assert_eq!(model.state().sketch_keys.get(&id).copied(), key);
+    assert_eq!((model.last_recomputed, model.last_restored), (0, 0));
+}
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::sheet;
 use solidcore_record::{Loop2, Seg2};
 use solidcraft_geom::{Aabb3, Ring};

-pub(super) fn eval(doc: &Document, vals: &BTreeMap<String, Value>, f: &Feature, st: &mut ModelState) -> Result<()> {
+pub(super) fn eval(doc: &Document, vals: &BTreeMap<String, Value>, f: &Feature, st: &mut ModelState, warning: &mut Option<String>) -> Result<()> {
    match &f.kind {
        FeatureKind::Emboss { sketch, profiles, depth, deboss, targets, face } => {
            let ss = st.sketch(sketch.0).ok_or_else(|| DocError::Unknown(format!("sketch {sketch}")))?;
@@ -59,7 +59,20 @@ pub(super) fn eval(doc: &Document, vals: &BTreeMap<String, Value>, f: &Feature,
            if st.bodies.is_empty() {
                return Err(DocError::Invalid("there is no body to emboss".into()));
            }
-            apply_op(doc, st, f, tools, if *deboss { Operation::Cut } else { Operation::Join }, &crate::plain(targets))
+            // #10940: an emboss or deboss whose tool lies clear of the body (a sketch on the far
+            // side of the material, a depth that stops short) used to report success and change
+            // nothing. Say so: the body is compared before and after, as the command's reply does.
+            let before: Vec<Body> = st.bodies.iter().map(|b| b.body.clone()).collect();
+            apply_op(doc, st, f, tools, if *deboss { Operation::Cut } else { Operation::Join }, &crate::plain(targets))?;
+            let unchanged = st.bodies.len() == before.len() && st.bodies.iter().zip(&before).all(|(b, old)| old.same(&b.body));
+            if unchanged {
+                let what = if *deboss { "deboss" } else { "emboss" };
+                append_warning(
+                    warning,
+                    format!("the {what} changed nothing; check where its profile lies, which side of the face the sketch is on, and the depth"),
+                );
+            }
+            Ok(())
        }
        FeatureKind::Rib { .. } => {
            let tools = rib_tools(vals, st, f, None)?;
@@ -1428,7 +1441,8 @@ const MAX_CONE_SIZE: f64 = 1e7;
 /// of `top_radius` `height` along `axis` (a negative height goes the other way). A top radius of
 /// 0 (or below a micrometre) makes a full cone ending in an apex. Built, as the torus is, by
 /// revolving its half section, a trapezoid (a triangle for a full cone) with an edge on the axis.
-pub(super) fn cone(base: Vec3, axis: Vec3, radius: f64, top_radius: f64, height: f64) -> Result<Body> {
+/// Its faces are named `bottom`, `side` and `top` ([`crate::lineage::cone_roles`]).
+pub(super) fn cone(base: Vec3, axis: Vec3, radius: f64, top_radius: f64, height: f64) -> Result<Traced> {
    let in_range = |v: f64| v.is_finite() && v.abs() <= MAX_CONE_SIZE;
    if !(in_range(base.x) && in_range(base.y) && in_range(base.z)) {
        return Err(DocError::Invalid("the cone's base is out of range".into()));
@@ -1462,14 +1476,16 @@ pub(super) fn cone(base: Vec3, axis: Vec3, radius: f64, top_radius: f64, height:
        (Some(b), true) => b,
        _ => return Err(DocError::Invalid("the cone could not be built".into())),
    };
+    // Read off the revolve's own history; moving the body keeps its faces' order.
+    let roles = crate::lineage::cone_roles(&body);
    if (dir - Vec3::Z).len() < 1e-12 && base.len() == 0.0 {
-        return Ok(body);
+        return Ok(Traced::made(body, roles));
    }
    // A rotation taking +Z onto the axis (x and y square to it, right-handed), then the base.
    let x = Plane::from_normal(base, dir).ok_or_else(|| DocError::Invalid("the cone's axis has no direction".into()))?.x;
    let y = dir.cross(x);
    let m = [[x.x, x.y, x.z, 0.0], [y.x, y.y, y.z, 0.0], [dir.x, dir.y, dir.z, 0.0], [base.x, base.y, base.z, 1.0]];
-    Ok(kernel::transform_matrix(&body, m)?)
+    Ok(Traced::made(kernel::transform_matrix(&body, m)?, roles))
 }

 /// A primitive tool's exact geometry, for [`sheet_primitive_cut`].
@@ -63,13 +63,16 @@ pub(super) fn eval(doc: &Document, vals: &BTreeMap<String, Value>, f: &Feature,
            let t = val(vals, thickness, Kind::Length)?;
            let mut tools = Vec::new();
            for n in bodies {
-                let b = st.body(n).ok_or_else(|| DocError::Unknown(format!("body `{n}`")))?;
-                tools.push(kernel::thicken(&b.body, t, *symmetric)?);
+                let b = st.body(n).cloned().ok_or_else(|| DocError::Unknown(format!("body `{n}`")))?;
+                // Kept face, offset and edge walls. Carry that history so a sketch can attach
+                // to the solid's faces and follow the thickness (#7641).
+                let thickened = kernel::thicken(&b.body, t, *symmetric)?;
+                tools.push(Traced::step(thickened, &[&b.traced()]));
            }
            if tools.is_empty() {
                return Err(DocError::Invalid("pick the surfaces to thicken".into()));
            }
-            apply_op(doc, st, f, tools, *operation, &crate::plain(targets))
+            apply_traced(doc, st, f, tools, *operation, &crate::plain(targets))
        }
        FeatureKind::SurfaceTrim { body, plane, tool, keep, keep_more, curves, with, keep_with, stitch, extend } => {
            let i = st.bodies.iter().position(|b| &b.name == body).ok_or_else(|| DocError::Unknown(format!("body `{body}`")))?;
@@ -308,7 +311,7 @@ pub(super) fn eval(doc: &Document, vals: &BTreeMap<String, Value>, f: &Feature,
                st.sketch(sketch.0).ok_or_else(|| DocError::Unknown(format!("sketch {sketch} (it must come earlier in the timeline)")))?,
                f.component,
            )?;
-            let (o, d) = revolve_axis(&ss, axis, &*super::axis_state(doc, st, f.component, axis)?, &|name| {
+            let (o, d) = revolve_axis(vals, &ss, axis, &*super::axis_state(doc, st, f.component, axis)?, &|name| {
                construction_axis_in(Some(doc), st, name, f.component)
            })?;
            let a = val(vals, angle, Kind::Angle)?;
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ impl FeatureKind {

    /// The body a feature that works on one body's faces names (shell, draft, split, offset,
    /// delete and replace face, surface offset, the placed plastic features, sheet metal
-    /// conversion, ruled surface, untrim): its face points pick faces of that body.
+    /// conversion, ruled surface, untrim, Split Body's tool face): its face points pick faces of
+    /// that body.
    pub fn face_body(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        match self {
            FeatureKind::Shell { body, .. }
@@ -66,10 +67,11 @@ impl FeatureKind {
            | FeatureKind::ReplaceFace { body, .. }
            | FeatureKind::SurfaceOffset { body, .. }
            | FeatureKind::Boss { body, .. }
+            | FeatureKind::Lip { body, .. }
            | FeatureKind::SnapFit { body, .. }
            | FeatureKind::Rest { body, .. } => body.as_deref(),
            FeatureKind::SheetConvert { body, .. } | FeatureKind::SurfaceRuled { body, .. } => Some(body.as_ref()),
-            FeatureKind::SurfaceUntrim { face, .. } => Some(face.body.as_ref()),
+            FeatureKind::SurfaceUntrim { face, .. } | FeatureKind::Split { tool: Some(face), .. } => Some(face.body.as_ref()),
            _ => None,
        }
    }
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ pub(super) fn fixtures() -> Vec<(&'static str, Value)> {
    let hole =
        |h: Value| json!({"type": "hole", "position": o, "direction": [0, 0, 1], "diameter": "hole.diameter", "depth": "hole.depth", "hole": h});
    vec![
+        ("newer_file_feature", json!({"type": "newer_file_feature", "raw": {"type": "gyroid_lattice", "cell": 2}})),
        (
            "body_transfer",
            json!({"type": "body_transfer", "bodies": ["B"], "from": 0, "to": 1, "transform": [[1,0,0,0],[0,1,0,0],[0,0,1,0],[0,0,0,1]]}),
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+newer_file_feature
 body_transfer
 sketch
  inputs:
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+newer_file_feature
 body_transfer
 sketch
  moves: plane.axis_dir[0], plane.axis_dir[1], plane.axis_origin[0], plane.axis_origin[1], plane.axis_origin[2]
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ revolve
  moves: axis.dir[0], axis.dir[1], axis.dir[2], axis.origin[0], axis.origin[1], axis.origin[2], to[0], to[1], to[2]
  face points: [3, 3.5, 3.25]
  profiles: 1 all
+  placement: 9, 9.5, 9.25
 fillet_constant
  moves: edges[0][0], edges[0][1], edges[0][2]
 fillet_chord
@@ -86,6 +88,7 @@ construction_plane
  moves: plane.axis_dir[0], plane.axis_dir[1], plane.axis_origin[0], plane.axis_origin[1], plane.axis_origin[2]
 split
  moves: plane.axis_dir[0], plane.axis_dir[1], plane.axis_origin[0], plane.axis_origin[1], plane.axis_origin[2], tool.point[0], tool.point[1], tool.point[2]
+  face points: [0, 0, 0]
 split_line
  moves: plane.axis_dir[0], plane.axis_dir[1], plane.axis_origin[0], plane.axis_origin[1], plane.axis_origin[2]
 construction_axis
@@ -148,6 +151,7 @@ boss
  face points: [0, 0, 0]
 lip
  moves: face[0], face[1], face[2]
+  face points: [0, 0, 0]
 snap_fit
  moves: direction[0], direction[2], hook[0], hook[1], position[0], position[1], position[2]
  face points: [0, 0, 0]
@@ -166,6 +170,7 @@ surface_extrude
  face points: [1, 1.5, 1.25], [2, 2.5, 2.25]
 surface_revolve
  moves: axis.dir[0], axis.dir[1], axis.dir[2], axis.origin[0], axis.origin[1], axis.origin[2]
+  placement: 9, 9.5, 9.25
 surface_sweep
 surface_sweep_options
 surface_loft
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+newer_file_feature
 body_transfer
  remap_bodies: bodies[0]
 sketch
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 //!
 //! A design file starts with `"format": "solidcraft/N"`. A file of an older format is read and
 //! upgraded step by step (N → N+1 → … → current): JSON-level steps first, for changes in the
-//! file's shape, then document-level steps. A file of a newer format than this build knows is
-//! refused with a message saying so, never guessed at.
+//! file's shape, then document-level steps. A file a newer build saved opens too, with a warning:
+//! what this build reads is read, what it doesn't is reported by name and kept for the next save
+//! (`crate::newer_file`).
 //!
 //! History:
 //! - 1: every design up to 2026-10-08 (format string since M0). Fields added over time all
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ const FORMATS: Formats<'static> = Formats { hand: &JSON_STEPS, folded: FOLDED, p

 /// A kind of file whose format is versioned here: designs, and drawings (#3890). Each family has
 /// its own format tag, its own numbers and its own folder of change files (`build.rs` lists them);
-/// reading a file's format, refusing a file a newer build saved and the upgrade are the same code
+/// reading a file's format, telling a file a newer build saved and the upgrade are the same code
 /// for every family.
 pub struct Family<'a> {
    /// What a file of the family is called in messages.
@@ -317,8 +318,8 @@ impl Family<'_> {
    }

    /// Read a file's format and take its `format_pending` out of its JSON, before anything else
-    /// in it is read: a file that isn't this family's, or that a newer build saved, is refused
-    /// here, so nothing a newer build saved is judged by this build's rules.
+    /// in it is read: a file that isn't this family's is refused here. One a newer build saved is
+    /// not: [`Family::newer`] says so.
    pub fn take_version(&self, v: &mut Value) -> Result<(u32, Option<Vec<String>>)> {
        let noun = self.noun;
        let not_ours = |what: String| DocError::Invalid(format!("not a SolidCraft {noun} ({what})"));
@@ -329,10 +330,19 @@ impl Family<'_> {
            Some(_) => return Err(not_ours("format is not a string".into())),
        };
        let applied = take_names(v, "format_pending", noun)?;
-        self.formats.check(noun, version, applied.as_deref())?;
+        if version == 0 {
+            return Err(not_ours("format 0".into()));
+        }
        Ok((version, applied))
    }

+    /// What says a file of format `version` with the changes `applied` came from a newer build:
+    /// a number past this build's, or a change this build doesn't have anywhere in its history.
+    /// `None` for a file this build fully knows.
+    pub fn newer(&self, version: u32, applied: Option<&[String]>) -> Option<Newer> {
+        self.formats.newer(version, applied)
+    }
+
    /// Bring a file of format `version` up to this build's; `applied` is its `format_pending`
    /// (both from [`Family::take_version`]).
    pub fn upgrade(&self, v: &mut Value, version: u32, applied: Option<&[String]>) -> Result<()> {
@@ -350,6 +360,17 @@ impl Family<'_> {
    }
 }

+/// How a file shows a newer build saved it ([`Family::newer`]).
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Newer {
+    /// The number the file says.
+    pub format: u32,
+    /// The number this build reads up to.
+    pub reads_up_to: u32,
+    /// The changes the file names that this build doesn't have.
+    pub unknown_changes: Vec<String>,
+}
+
 /// The names of the pending changes this build writes into a design (`format_pending`).
 pub fn pending_names() -> Vec<String> {
    DESIGN.pending_names()
@@ -394,35 +415,25 @@ impl Formats<'_> {
        }
    }

-    /// Refuse a `noun` of format `version` that this build can't read: format 0, a newer number,
-    /// or a change `applied` (its `format_pending`) names that this build doesn't have anywhere in
-    /// its history, which only a newer build's file can. Changes are recognized across the entire
-    /// history: a branch's pending change may have landed at a later number. A list beside a format
-    /// that isn't made of changes means nothing (a tool or a test set an older number on a newer
-    /// file).
-    fn check(&self, noun: &str, version: u32, applied: Option<&[String]>) -> Result<()> {
-        let newer = |what: String| DocError::Invalid(format!("this {noun} was saved by a newer SolidCraft ({what}): update SolidCraft to open it"));
+    /// [`Family::newer`]. Changes are recognized across the entire history: a branch's pending
+    /// change may have landed at a later number. A list beside a format that isn't made of changes
+    /// means nothing (a tool or a test set an older number on a newer file).
+    fn newer(&self, version: u32, applied: Option<&[String]>) -> Option<Newer> {
        let current = self.current();
-        if version == 0 {
-            return Err(DocError::Invalid(format!("not a SolidCraft {noun} (format 0)")));
-        }
-        if version > current {
-            return Err(newer(format!("file format {version}; this version reads formats up to {current}")));
-        }
-        let applied = applied.filter(|_| self.parts(version).is_some()).unwrap_or_default();
-        match applied.iter().find(|name| !self.knows_part_name(self.canonical_applied_name(version, name))) {
-            Some(unknown) => Err(newer(format!("file format {version} with `{unknown}`, which this version doesn't know"))),
-            None => Ok(()),
-        }
+        let listed = applied.filter(|_| version > current || self.parts(version).is_some()).unwrap_or_default();
+        let unknown_changes: Vec<String> =
+            listed.iter().filter(|name| !self.knows_part_name(self.canonical_applied_name(version, name))).cloned().collect();
+        (version > current || !unknown_changes.is_empty()).then_some(Newer { format: version, reads_up_to: current, unknown_changes })
    }

    /// Bring a `noun` of format `version` up to [`Formats::current`]. `applied` is the file's
    /// `format_pending`: the changes of its format it already has, when it was written while they
-    /// were pending; the others' steps run first. A file [`Formats::check`] refuses is refused,
-    /// whoever calls, before anything is changed; already-applied changes never run again at
-    /// their later number.
+    /// were pending; the others' steps run first, and already-applied changes never run again at
+    /// their later number. A file past this build's number has no steps to run.
    fn upgrade(&self, noun: &str, v: &mut Value, version: u32, applied: Option<&[String]>) -> Result<()> {
-        self.check(noun, version, applied)?;
+        if version == 0 {
+            return Err(DocError::Invalid(format!("not a SolidCraft {noun} (format 0)")));
+        }
        // A list beside a format that isn't made of changes is ignored, like any field an upgrade
        // drops.
        let applied = applied.filter(|_| self.parts(version).is_some());
@@ -677,18 +688,53 @@ fn v2_to_v3(v: &mut Value) -> Result<()> {
 pub fn read(s: &str) -> Result<Document> {
    let mut v: Value = serde_json::from_str(s).map_err(|e| DocError::Invalid(format!("not a SolidCraft design: {e}")))?;
    let (version, applied) = DESIGN.take_version(&mut v)?;
-    check_design_numbers(&v)?;
-    crate::config::validate_rules_json(&v)?;
-    crate::config::validate_styles_json(&v)?;
-    crate::face_anchor::validate_face_anchors_json(&v)?;
-    validate_versioned_geometry(&v)?;
-    validate_emboss_targets(&v)?;
-    validate_freeform_offsets(&v)?;
-    validate_sketch_sizes(&v)?;
-    crate::format_offsets::validate_raw(&v)?;
-    let legacy_wires = validate_wires(&v, version)?;
+    match DESIGN.newer(version, applied.as_deref()) {
+        Some(newer) => crate::newer_file::read(v, version, applied, newer),
+        None => decode(v, version, applied.as_deref()),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Whether a design's text says a newer build saved it, read before anything else in it is.
+pub fn says_newer(text: &str) -> bool {
+    #[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
+    struct Says {
+        format: Option<String>,
+        format_pending: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    }
+    serde_json::from_str::<Says>(text)
+        .ok()
+        .and_then(|says| Some((DESIGN.version_of(&says.format?)?, says.format_pending)))
+        .is_some_and(|(version, applied)| DESIGN.newer(version, applied.as_deref()).is_some())
+}
+
+/// The checks of a design's JSON that need nothing outside the part of it they are given.
+pub(crate) fn check_raw(v: &Value, version: u32) -> Result<Vec<(usize, usize)>> {
+    check_design_numbers(v)?;
+    crate::config::validate_rules_json(v)?;
+    crate::config::validate_styles_json(v)?;
+    crate::face_anchor::validate_face_anchors_json(v)?;
+    validate_versioned_geometry(v)?;
+    validate_emboss_targets(v)?;
+    validate_freeform_offsets(v)?;
+    validate_sketch_sizes(v)?;
+    crate::format_offsets::validate_raw(v)?;
+    validate_wires(v, version)
+}
+
+/// [`check_raw`], the upgrade and the typed record alone: what a piece of a design must pass by
+/// itself ([`crate::newer_file`]), with nothing else in the file for it to refer to.
+pub(crate) fn check_piece(mut v: Value, version: u32, applied: Option<&[String]>) -> Result<()> {
+    check_raw(&v, version)?;
+    DESIGN.upgrade(&mut v, version, applied)?;
+    let d: Document = serde_json::from_value(v).map_err(|e| DocError::Invalid(format!("design file: {e}")))?;
+    check_typed_numbers(&d)
+}
+
+/// A design's JSON, its format taken out, as the document it holds.
+pub(crate) fn decode(mut v: Value, version: u32, applied: Option<&[String]>) -> Result<Document> {
+    let legacy_wires = check_raw(&v, version)?;
    validate_body_transfers(&v)?;
-    DESIGN.upgrade(&mut v, version, applied.as_deref())?;
+    DESIGN.upgrade(&mut v, version, applied)?;
    let mut d: Document = serde_json::from_value(v).map_err(|e| DocError::Invalid(format!("design file: {e}")))?;
    check_typed_numbers(&d)?;
    let mut legacy_by_feature = std::collections::BTreeMap::<usize, Vec<usize>>::new();
@@ -1327,9 +1373,9 @@ mod tests {
        let mut v = serde_json::json!({});
        formats.upgrade("design", &mut v, next, Some(&["a-first".into(), "b-second".into()])).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(trace_of(&v), Vec::<&str>::new());
-        // A change this build doesn't know is a newer build's: refused, not guessed at.
-        let err = formats.upgrade("design", &mut serde_json::json!({}), next, Some(&["c-later".into()])).unwrap_err();
-        assert!(err.to_string().contains("newer SolidCraft"), "{err}");
+        // A change this build doesn't know is a newer build's: said, and kept.
+        let said = formats.newer(next, Some(&["c-later".into()])).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(said, Newer { format: next, reads_up_to: next, unknown_changes: vec!["c-later".into()] });
        // A list on a format that isn't made of changes means nothing.
        let mut v = serde_json::json!({});
        formats.upgrade("design", &mut v, HAND_WRITTEN, Some(&["a-first".into()])).unwrap();
@@ -1372,15 +1418,12 @@ mod tests {
    }

    #[test]
-    fn personal_card_alias_without_support_refuses_before_mutation() {
+    fn personal_card_alias_without_support_is_a_newer_builds() {
        let hand: [JsonStep; 27] = [|_| Ok(()); 27];
        let first = [traced("a-first")];
        let formats = Formats { hand: &hand, folded: &[(29, &first)], pending: &[] };
-        let mut file = serde_json::json!({"trace": [], "sentinel": 7});
-        let original = file.clone();
-        let error = formats.upgrade("design", &mut file, 29, Some(&["physical-material-cards".into()])).unwrap_err();
-        assert!(error.to_string().contains("physical-material-cards"), "{error}");
-        assert_eq!(file, original);
+        let said = formats.newer(29, Some(&["physical-material-cards".into()])).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(said.unknown_changes, ["physical-material-cards"]);
    }

    #[test]
@@ -1391,11 +1434,8 @@ mod tests {
        let cards = [traced("material-engineering-cards")];
        let formats = Formats { hand: &hand, folded: &[(28, &first), (29, &second), (30, &cards)], pending: &[] };
        for version in [28, 30] {
-            let mut file = serde_json::json!({"trace": []});
-            let original = file.clone();
-            let error = formats.upgrade("design", &mut file, version, Some(&["physical-material-cards".into()])).unwrap_err();
-            assert!(error.to_string().contains("physical-material-cards"), "{error}");
-            assert_eq!(file, original);
+            let said = formats.newer(version, Some(&["physical-material-cards".into()])).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(said.unknown_changes, ["physical-material-cards"]);
        }
    }

@@ -1408,11 +1448,7 @@ mod tests {
        for names in
            [["physical-material-cards".into(), "unknown-card-codec".into()], ["unknown-card-codec".into(), "physical-material-cards".into()]]
        {
-            let mut file = serde_json::json!({"trace": ["b"]});
-            let original = file.clone();
-            let error = formats.upgrade("design", &mut file, 29, Some(&names)).unwrap_err();
-            assert!(error.to_string().contains("unknown-card-codec"), "{error}");
-            assert_eq!(file, original);
+            assert_eq!(formats.newer(29, Some(&names)).unwrap().unknown_changes, ["unknown-card-codec"]);
        }
    }

@@ -1446,18 +1482,14 @@ mod tests {
    }

    /// An experimental producer can use a number that a release later folds without its
-    /// change. Its unknown concept must still be refused before any migration runs.
+    /// change. Its unknown concept is still a newer build's.
    #[test]
-    fn unknown_pending_concepts_are_refused_after_folding() {
+    fn unknown_pending_concepts_are_said_after_folding() {
        let parts = [traced("a-first")];
        let later = [traced("b-second")];
        for pending in [&[][..], &later[..]] {
            let formats = Formats { hand: &[], folded: &[(2, &parts)], pending };
-            let mut file = serde_json::json!({"trace": []});
-            let original = file.clone();
-            let err = formats.upgrade("design", &mut file, 2, Some(&["experimental-card".into()])).unwrap_err();
-            assert!(err.to_string().contains("experimental-card") && err.to_string().contains("update SolidCraft"), "{err}");
-            assert_eq!(file, original, "refuse before applying even a known migration");
+            assert_eq!(formats.newer(2, Some(&["experimental-card".into()])).unwrap().unknown_changes, ["experimental-card"]);
        }
    }

@@ -1479,23 +1511,20 @@ mod tests {
        }
    }

-    /// A design naming a pending change this build doesn't have is a newer build's, refused as
-    /// such before anything else in it is checked (as a newer number is), so a newer build's
-    /// fields never read as damage.
+    /// A design naming a pending change this build doesn't have is a newer build's: what it can't
+    /// read of it doesn't read as damage.
    #[test]
-    fn a_newer_builds_pending_change_is_refused_before_the_design_is_checked() {
+    fn a_newer_builds_pending_change_opens_and_its_fields_are_not_damage() {
        let mut file: Value = serde_json::from_str(&Document::new("A").to_json()).unwrap();
        file["format_pending"] = serde_json::json!(["not-a-change-anyone-made"]);
        file["features"] = serde_json::json!([{"type": "emboss", "face": {"body": "Body", "at": [0, 0, 0], "a_newer_key": true}}]);
-        let error = read(&file.to_string()).unwrap_err().to_string();
+        let opened = read(&file.to_string()).unwrap();
        // With changes pending, FORMAT is made of them; once they are folded it is the folded
        // format, which is made of changes too. Either way an unknown change is a newer build's.
-        assert_eq!(
-            error,
-            format!(
-                "this design was saved by a newer SolidCraft (file format {FORMAT} with `not-a-change-anyone-made`, which this version doesn't know): update SolidCraft to open it"
-            )
-        );
+        let said = opened.newer_file.as_ref().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(said.unknown_changes, ["not-a-change-anyone-made"]);
+        assert!(said.notice().contains(&format!("format {FORMAT} with `not-a-change-anyone-made`")), "{}", said.notice());
+        assert!(matches!(opened.features[0].kind, crate::FeatureKind::NewerFileFeature { .. }));
    }

    /// Drawings follow the same rules from their own first format: folded formats follow on from 1
@@ -1575,17 +1604,17 @@ mod tests {
        fn tagged(family: &Family<'_>, n: u32) -> Value {
            serde_json::json!({"format": family.format_string(n)})
        }
-        fn newer(noun: &str, n: u32, current: u32) -> String {
-            format!(
-                "this {noun} was saved by a newer SolidCraft (file format {n}; this version reads formats up to {current}): update SolidCraft to open it"
-            )
-        }
-        assert_eq!(refusal(&DESIGN, tagged(&DESIGN, FORMAT + 1)), newer("design", FORMAT + 1, FORMAT));
-        assert_eq!(read(&tagged(&DESIGN, FORMAT + 1).to_string()).unwrap_err().to_string(), newer("design", FORMAT + 1, FORMAT));
+        // A newer number isn't refused: it is said.
+        let says = |family: &Family<'_>, mut file: Value| {
+            let (version, applied) = family.take_version(&mut file).unwrap();
+            family.newer(version, applied.as_deref())
+        };
+        assert_eq!(says(&DESIGN, tagged(&DESIGN, FORMAT + 1)), Some(Newer { format: FORMAT + 1, reads_up_to: FORMAT, unknown_changes: vec![] }));
+        assert_eq!(read(&tagged(&DESIGN, FORMAT + 1).to_string()).unwrap().newer_file.unwrap().format, FORMAT + 1);
        let current = DRAWING.current();
        assert!(matches!(DRAWING.take_version(&mut tagged(&DRAWING, current)), Ok((v, None)) if v == current));
        for n in [current + 1, u32::MAX] {
-            assert_eq!(refusal(&DRAWING, tagged(&DRAWING, n)), newer("drawing", n, current));
+            assert_eq!(says(&DRAWING, tagged(&DRAWING, n)), Some(Newer { format: n, reads_up_to: current, unknown_changes: vec![] }));
        }
        for (family, noun) in [(&DESIGN, "design"), (&DRAWING, "drawing")] {
            assert_eq!(refusal(family, tagged(family, 0)), format!("not a SolidCraft {noun} (format 0)"));
@@ -1607,12 +1636,7 @@ mod tests {
        let design = Family { formats: Formats { hand: &JSON_STEPS, folded: FOLDED, pending: &pending }, ..DESIGN };
        let next = design.current();
        let file = json!({"format": format_string(next), "format_pending": ["c-later"]});
-        assert_eq!(
-            refusal(&design, file),
-            format!(
-                "this design was saved by a newer SolidCraft (file format {next} with `c-later`, which this version doesn't know): update SolidCraft to open it"
-            )
-        );
+        assert_eq!(says(&design, file), Some(Newer { format: next, reads_up_to: next, unknown_changes: vec!["c-later".into()] }));
        assert!(matches!(DESIGN.take_version(&mut json!({})), Ok((1, None))));
        assert_eq!(refusal(&DRAWING, json!({})), "not a SolidCraft drawing (no format)");
    }
@@ -1639,19 +1663,13 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(open(json!({"format": "solidcraft-drawing/2", "format_pending": ["a-first"]})).unwrap(), Vec::<String>::new());
        // A list beside format 1 means nothing: the step still runs.
        assert_eq!(open(json!({"format": "solidcraft-drawing/1", "format_pending": ["c-later"]})).unwrap(), ["a"]);
-        let error = open(json!({"format": "solidcraft-drawing/2", "format_pending": ["a-first", "c-later"]})).unwrap_err().to_string();
-        assert_eq!(
-            error,
-            "this drawing was saved by a newer SolidCraft (file format 2 with `c-later`, which this version doesn't know): update SolidCraft to open it"
-        );
-        let error = open(json!({"format": "solidcraft-drawing/3"})).unwrap_err().to_string();
-        assert_eq!(
-            error,
-            "this drawing was saved by a newer SolidCraft (file format 3; this version reads formats up to 2): update SolidCraft to open it"
-        );
-        // An upgrade called without `take_version` refuses in the drawing's words too, format 0 included.
-        let error = drawing.upgrade(&mut json!({}), 3, None).unwrap_err().to_string();
-        assert!(error.starts_with("this drawing was saved by a newer SolidCraft (file format 3;"), "{error}");
+        // Of a newer build: said, and what can run runs.
+        let list = ["a-first".to_string(), "c-later".to_string()];
+        assert_eq!(drawing.newer(2, Some(&list)).unwrap().unknown_changes, ["c-later"]);
+        assert_eq!(open(json!({"format": "solidcraft-drawing/2", "format_pending": list})).unwrap(), Vec::<String>::new());
+        assert_eq!(drawing.newer(3, None).unwrap(), Newer { format: 3, reads_up_to: 2, unknown_changes: vec![] });
+        assert_eq!(open(json!({"format": "solidcraft-drawing/3"})).unwrap(), Vec::<String>::new());
+        // An upgrade called without `take_version` still says format 0 isn't one.
        assert_eq!(drawing.upgrade(&mut json!({}), 0, None).unwrap_err().to_string(), "not a SolidCraft drawing (format 0)");
    }

@@ -1666,7 +1684,8 @@ mod tests {
            assert!(read(&file.to_string()).is_err());
        }
        file["format_pending"] = serde_json::json!(["not-a-change-anyone-made"]);
-        assert!(read(&file.to_string()).is_err(), "unknown pending concepts are refused even after folding");
+        let newer = read(&file.to_string()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(newer.newer_file.as_ref().unwrap().unknown_changes, ["not-a-change-anyone-made"], "even after folding");
        file["format_pending"] = Value::from(pending_names());
        let opened = read(&file.to_string()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(opened.format_pending, pending_names());
@@ -1895,6 +1914,7 @@ mod tests {
                        distance2: None,
                        start_offset: None,
                        through_all: false,
+                        second_follows_first: false,
                        taper: Some("0 deg".into()),
                        corner: Default::default(),
                        to: Some(crate::FacePick(solidcore_record::Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 10.0))),
@@ -2138,8 +2158,9 @@ mod tests {
            value["features"] = serde_json::json!([{"type":"sketch", "sketch":{"freeform_offsets":records}}]);
            let error = read(&value.to_string()).unwrap_err().to_string();
            assert!(error.contains("free-form offset metadata"), "{error}");
+            // A newer build's file isn't held to this: the feature waits for that build.
            value["format"] = Value::from(format_string(FORMAT + 1));
-            assert!(read(&value.to_string()).unwrap_err().to_string().contains("newer SolidCraft"));
+            assert!(matches!(read(&value.to_string()).unwrap().features[0].kind, crate::FeatureKind::NewerFileFeature { .. }));
        }
    }

@@ -2163,8 +2184,7 @@ mod tests {
            let error = read(&value.to_string()).unwrap_err().to_string();
            assert!(error.contains("emboss face"), "{error}");
            value["format"] = Value::from(format_string(FORMAT + 1));
-            let error = read(&value.to_string()).unwrap_err().to_string();
-            assert!(error.contains("newer SolidCraft"), "{error}");
+            assert!(matches!(read(&value.to_string()).unwrap().features[0].kind, crate::FeatureKind::NewerFileFeature { .. }));
        }
    }

@@ -2207,7 +2227,7 @@ mod tests {
    }

    #[test]
-    fn version_seven_styles_upgrade_and_newer_versions_are_refused_before_columns() {
+    fn version_seven_styles_upgrade_and_a_newer_versions_columns_are_kept() {
        use crate::config::{Column, ConfigRow};
        let mut d = Document::new("configured styles");
        d.configs.columns = vec![Column::Material("Body".into()), Column::Appearance("Body".into())];
@@ -2227,9 +2247,11 @@ mod tests {
        value["format"] = Value::from(format_string(FORMAT + 1));
        value["configs"]["columns"] = serde_json::json!([{"unknown_future_column":"Body"}]);
        value["configs"]["rules"] = serde_json::json!({"unknown_future_rule": true});
-        let error = read(&value.to_string()).unwrap_err().to_string();
-        assert!(error.contains("newer SolidCraft") && error.contains("update SolidCraft"), "{error}");
-        assert!(!error.contains("unknown variant"), "format refusal precedes decoding new variants");
+        let opened = read(&value.to_string()).unwrap();
+        let said = opened.newer_file.as_ref().unwrap();
+        assert!(said.not_understood.iter().any(|what| what.contains("configs")), "{:?}", said.not_understood);
+        let saved: Value = serde_json::from_str(&opened.to_json()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(saved["configs"], value["configs"], "kept for the build that reads them");
    }

    #[test]
@@ -2284,8 +2306,10 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(read(&saved.to_string()).unwrap(), d);
        saved["format"] = Value::from(format_string(FORMAT + 1));
        saved["features"][0]["sketch"]["constraints"][0]["type"] = Value::from("future_dimension");
-        let error = read(&saved.to_string()).unwrap_err().to_string();
-        assert!(error.contains("newer SolidCraft") && !error.contains("unknown variant"), "{error}");
+        let opened = read(&saved.to_string()).unwrap();
+        assert!(matches!(opened.features[0].kind, crate::FeatureKind::NewerFileFeature { .. }));
+        let again: Value = serde_json::from_str(&opened.to_json()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(again["features"][0], saved["features"][0]);
    }

    #[test]
@@ -2392,15 +2416,14 @@ mod tests {
    }

    #[test]
-    fn older_upgraded_newer_refused_others_rejected() {
+    fn older_upgraded_newer_opened_others_rejected() {
        let mut v: Value = serde_json::from_str(&Document::new("A").to_json()).unwrap();
        v["format"] = Value::from("solidcraft/1");
        assert_eq!(read(&v.to_string()).unwrap().format, format_string(FORMAT));
        v.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("format");
        assert!(read(&v.to_string()).is_ok(), "a file without a format is format 1");
        v["format"] = Value::from(format_string(FORMAT + 1));
-        let e = read(&v.to_string()).unwrap_err().to_string();
-        assert!(e.contains("newer SolidCraft"), "{e}");
+        assert_eq!(read(&v.to_string()).unwrap().newer_file.unwrap().format, FORMAT + 1);
        for bad in ["solidcraft/0", "acad/3", "solidcraft/-1", "solidcraft/99999999999999999999"] {
            v["format"] = Value::from(bad);
            assert!(read(&v.to_string()).is_err(), "{bad}");
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ here is the whole format bump: never edit `FORMAT`, `JSON_STEPS` or another chan

 - Name it after the change, lowercase with dashes: `placed-plane-origins.rs`.
 - Start it with a `//!` note: what is saved, what an older design gets without it, and what
-  the last release does with a design that has it (it refuses the newer format number).
+  the last release does with a design that has it (it warns about the newer format number, opens what it can read and keeps the rest).
 - If older designs must be rewritten as they open, add the step to the same file:

  ```rust
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+//! CPU render jobs can save optional `options.output` presentation: tone map, finishing,
+//! backdrop and raw linear EXR retention. Older designs omit it and retain the exact previous
+//! f64 PNG output; exposure remains owned by RenderSetup. Readers missing these changes open
+//! the newer design with a warning and preserve saved values they cannot read.
+//! CPU jobs also save optional `options.lens` using the shared physical thin-lens
+//! aperture radius and axial focus distance. Positive aperture requires perspective
+//! plus explicit progressive camera sampling; absent/zero aperture keeps old pixels.
+//! CPU raytrace jobs also retain default-false `transparent_background` beside options.
+//! It exports straight-alpha primary geometry coverage; absent fields keep opaque PNGs.
+//! CPU jobs also save opt-in `options.denoise`; omission/false preserves the prior
+//! raw PNG calculation. Every complete published pass is filtered without changing
+//! raw film or the final unfiltered EXR. Older files need no rewrite for this flag.
+//! CPU jobs also preserve optional `options.path: {max_depth: 1..16}` for explicit
+//! progressive diffuse/specular transport and certified Glass boundaries. The depth
+//! counts shaded surfaces, optical boundaries and active scattering events. Traced shadows are required;
+//! selected reflection/anisotropy overrides and unsupported closed-Glass
+//! shadow connections refuse with authored intent retained. Omission keeps the legacy producer.
+//!
+//! CPU raytrace jobs save optional `options.aging` using the existing ordered
+//! SavedAgingStack schema and stable definition/feature/component/occurrence targets.
+//! Empty/absent stacks preserve prior saved JSON, CPU pixel arithmetic and work.
+//! Check and Start resolve stable targets against the captured scene; stale/hidden
+//! targets are refused rather than made global. Captured indices/names remain
+//! runtime-only. Aging changes the opaque BRDF before lighting and denoising guides;
+//! it does not change geometry, emission, physical materials or mass. Certified
+//! glass targets and passive stages remain excluded; independently authored anisotropic axes
+//! cannot be replaced by scalar aging roughness and are refused explicitly.
+//!
+//! Saves up to eight hard GPU directional sources alongside the existing optional
+//! finite Sun (eight combined). Older designs omit the new list and retain their
+//! exact implicit studio or finite-Sun lighting. Readers missing the new list warn
+//! about the newer design and preserve these unread sources.
+//! Also saves up to eight GPU point/spot sources with exact world-mm positions,
+//! reference/minimum distances and optional world-axis/radian half cones. Missing
+//! punctual lists stay empty. CPU cone intent retains its wider f64 domain; GPU
+//! cone feathers below the documented precision bound refuse without rewriting.
+//!
+//! CPU jobs may also consume the existing portable saved `surfaces` bindings for
+//! opaque built-in base color, roughness, metallic and normal maps. No new map
+//! schema is added; raster and unsupported CPU optical combinations refuse the
+//! authored bindings instead of dropping them. Old files without maps keep the
+//! old CPU allocation/work/pixel path.
+//! CPU jobs also save optional `options.adaptive` using the existing independent-pilot
+//! policy. Explicit progressive production sampling is required; the unchanged CPU
+//! profile budgets pilots plus the production cap. Exact per-pixel counts and pilot
+//! statistics stay runtime-only; final SamplingReport and PreviewInfo.adaptive reuse
+//! the existing metadata contract without changing linear-master schema/channels.
+
+//! CPU `options.path` may consume the existing saved ClosedMesh optical boundary
+//! after exact f64 edge, vertex-link, embedding/contact, outward and conservative
+//! nested-parent certification. Runtime-only ClosedMesh and thin-shadow lowering
+//! preserve stable authored optics. No new saved field or geometry repair is added.
+//! Absent-path sheet/box transport and default serialized bytes remain unchanged.
+//! Closed-shadow connections, Glass combined with external volume and selected
+//! reflection/anisotropy combinations refuse explicitly with authored values retained.
+//! Perspective CPU Path captures classify each physical eye/pupil cooperatively
+//! against the certified boundaries and initialize the nested Beer medium stack.
+//! Exact origin/near-clip boundary contacts refuse without changing saved cameras
+//! or optics. This runtime-only extension adds no serialized field.
+//! Existing saved OpticalMaterial.subsurface may also lower to optional captured
+//! CPU dielectric subsurface parameters with explicit progressive Path. Selected
+//! certified closed media use scalar free flight, HG directions and separate Beer
+//! absorption, including physical eye/pupil starts and nested current media. No
+//! refracting-boundary next-event approximation is added. Active scattering and
+//! surface denoising refuse together; unsupported thin/legacy routes retain intent.
+//! Some(rate0) remains serialized but adds no collision work/RNG or pixel change.
+//! CPU jobs may also preserve optional options.volume using the same bounded
+//! HomogeneousVolume world-box/extinction/RGB albedo/HG contract as GPU Atmosphere.
+//! Positive extinction requires explicit progressive Path and disables no existing
+//! option implicitly: Glass/SSS and surface denoising refuse with intent retained.
+//! Absent/zero volume keeps the original transport work/RNG/heap owner count/pixels.
+//! Inline intent's actual fixed retained-request size is prepaid even when absent;
+//! regrade owns its separate header reservation until its last status handle drops.
+//! Physical eye/pupil prefixes and the orthographic signed line/box union do not
+//! alter saved camera/framing/model bounds or its model near interval. Existing
+//! ray-distance/profile/task/frame/codec/host caps remain unchanged.
+
+//! CPU jobs also retain optional `sun` and `sky` intent. `sun` reuses the shared
+//! finite-cap direction/angular-radius/radiance domain; `sky` reuses the portable
+//! gradient/rotation/intensity schema. Both require explicit CPU Path transport.
+//! Omitted fields preserve old designs and the absent producer allocation/work/RNG
+//! path. Constant, Sky and HDR sources are exclusive; finite Sun is additive.
+//! No generated sky image or runtime resource is serialized.
+//!
+//! CPU and GPU jobs also save `coats`, up to the existing 64 runtime coat target
+//! bound, with stable definition/feature/component/occurrence identities and exact
+//! weight, roughness and dielectric IOR. Empty/absent lists keep prior JSON and
+//! capture behavior. Coats require opaque targets; even a zero-weight authored coat
+//! cannot share a target with Glass. Capture resolves targets without changing
+//! appearances, engineering materials or geometry. Unsupported CPU selected
+//! reflection/anisotropy overrides refuse instead of dropping the coat.
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+//! Saves exact encoded texture bytes, inert provenance and explicit saved surface roles.
+//! Older designs have no embedded textures and retain their built-in surface bindings.
+//! The last release asks for an update instead of silently dropping the new resources.
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//! Nothing new is saved for holes, but a hole placed on a face that names the bodies it drills
+//! (`participants`: its `targets`, or the body of another component it was picked on) now finds
+//! the face it starts on among those bodies' faces, where one of them passes through its position
+//! (#12066). Where another body touched that face at the hole, older designs could save a
+//! `direction` taken from the other body's face, pointing out of the drilled body; such a hole cut
+//! only a shallow pocket. It is now mirrored into the drilled body's face when the design is
+//! evaluated, as format 18 does for a direction taken from the far side of a thin plate, and
+//! drills through. Holes whose direction enters one of their own bodies' faces there, holes whose
+//! own bodies have no face at their position (placed on another body's face to drill through it),
+//! holes that name no bodies, and holes at several sketch points (already limited to their bodies,
+//! #2882) build as before. No rewrite is needed. The last release refuses a design with this
+//! change (the newer format number) instead of building the pocket again.
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//! A sketch's intersection link can save a curve of another sketch as either side (`a` or `b`,
+//! `{"type": "sketch_curve", sketch, curve}`), standing in for that curve's extrusion along its
+//! sketch's normal (#11048). An older design has only bodies and faces there, and opens as before.
+//! The last release refuses a design that has one (it asks for an update) instead of opening the
+//! link as lost.
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//! An at-angle construction plane may save `direction_only` and an optional `pivot` point: the
+//! plane turns about the line through the pivot (or the base origin) using only the axis
+//! direction projected onto the base. An older design has neither and keeps turning about the
+//! axis as a full line. The last release refuses a design that has this change (the newer
+//! format number) instead of opening it without the option.
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//! A point cloud keeps the segments and triangles its file draws over its points (#8817):
+//! `segments` and `triangles` in its `complex`, the indices of their points, and a column of named
+//! numbers may lie on them (`on`: `segment` or `triangle`; a column that does not say is on the
+//! points, as every design saved before this has it). Older designs need no transformation: their
+//! clouds are points alone. The last release refuses a design saved with this (the newer format
+//! number) instead of opening its clouds as loose points without their edges and faces.
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//! A revolve's explicit axis `{origin, dir}` can save its origin's coordinates as length
+//! expressions (`["W / 2", 0, "groove_floor"]`) so the axis follows the parameters; a plain number
+//! stays a number. An older design has numbers only and reads as before. The last release refuses
+//! a design with this change and asks for an update, instead of opening it and reading an
+//! expression as the origin.
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//! In a two-sided extrude (`distance2`) with entered distances, Direction fixes the sides and the
+//! sign of a distance only turns its own side over; `distance2` no longer follows the first
+//! side across the sketch plane. Older builds sent `distance2` to the other side of a negative
+//! first distance, so this step marks every saved two-sided extrude with entered distances
+//! `second_follows_first`, which keeps that reading. The distances themselves are left as they
+//! were, so an expression keeps the old sides whatever it evaluates to and a feature's named
+//! inputs keep their values for the expressions that use them. An extent that reaches to an
+//! object or through all already lets the second side follow the first, and a symmetric one has
+//! no second side. The last release asks for an update instead of opening a design that carries
+//! this change.
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+pub fn step(v: &mut Value) -> crate::Result<()> {
+    let Some(Value::Array(features)) = v.get_mut("features") else {
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+    for feature in features {
+        if !matches!(feature.get("type").and_then(Value::as_str), Some("extrude" | "surface_extrude")) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let Some(extent) = feature.get_mut("extent").and_then(Value::as_object_mut) else { continue };
+        let plain = extent.get("distance2").is_some_and(|d| !d.is_null())
+            && extent.get("to").is_none_or(Value::is_null)
+            && !extent.get("through_all").and_then(Value::as_bool).unwrap_or(false)
+            && extent.get("direction").and_then(Value::as_str) != Some("symmetric");
+        if plain {
+            extent.insert("second_follows_first".into(), Value::Bool(true));
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use serde_json::json;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn saved_two_sided_extrudes_keep_their_sides_and_distances() {
+        let mut v = json!({"features": [
+            {"type": "extrude", "extent": {"distance": "-10 mm", "distance2": "5 mm"}},
+            {"type": "extrude", "extent": {"distance": "-10 mm", "direction": "negative", "distance2": "5 mm"}},
+            {"type": "extrude", "extent": {"distance": "-0 mm", "distance2": "5 mm"}},
+            {"type": "extrude", "extent": {"distance": "-width", "distance2": "10 mm"}},
+            {"type": "extrude", "extent": {"distance": "-10 mm"}},
+            {"type": "extrude", "extent": {"distance": "-10 mm", "through_all": true, "distance2": "5 mm"}},
+            {"type": "extrude", "extent": {"distance": "-10 mm", "to": [0.0, 0.0, 1.0], "distance2": "5 mm"}},
+            {"type": "sketch"}
+        ]});
+        let before = v.clone();
+        super::step(&mut v).unwrap();
+        let features = v["features"].as_array().unwrap();
+        let marked: Vec<bool> = features.iter().map(|f| f["extent"]["second_follows_first"] == json!(true)).collect();
+        assert_eq!(marked, [true, true, true, true, false, false, false, false]);
+        for (f, b) in features.iter().zip(before["features"].as_array().unwrap()) {
+            assert_eq!((&f["extent"]["distance"], &f["extent"]["direction"]), (&b["extent"]["distance"], &b["extent"]["direction"]));
+        }
+        let mut empty = json!({"name": "Untitled"});
+        super::step(&mut empty).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(empty, json!({"name": "Untitled"}));
+    }
+}
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ mod tests {
            damaged["features"][1]["profiles"]["associations"] = associations;
            assert!(validate_raw(&damaged).is_err());
            damaged["format"] = json!(crate::format::format_string(crate::format::FORMAT + 1));
-            assert!(crate::format::read(&damaged.to_string()).unwrap_err().to_string().contains("newer SolidCraft"));
+            assert!(crate::format::read(&damaged.to_string()).unwrap().newer_file.is_some());
        }
        // Absent metadata preserves the historical one-to-one chain representation.
        let mut legacy = fixture();
@@ -463,6 +463,7 @@ mod tests {
                            distance2: None,
                            start_offset: None,
                            through_all: false,
+                            second_follows_first: false,
                            taper: None,
                            corner: Default::default(),
                            to: None,
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ mod assembly;
 mod body_transfer;
 mod body_transfer_sheet;
 mod browser_tree;
+pub mod newer_file;
 pub mod pbr_appearance;
 pub use body_transfer::{valid_transfer_matrix, validate_body_transfer};
 pub mod canvas;
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ pub mod motion;
 mod name_lookup;
 mod names;
 pub mod naming;
+mod occurrence_tree;
 mod params;
 pub mod persistent_name;
 pub mod physical_material;
@@ -72,11 +74,13 @@ pub use print_face::PrintFace;
 pub mod project;
 mod project3d;
 pub mod render_aging;
+pub mod render_coat;
 pub mod render_job;
 pub mod render_optics;
 pub mod render_resources;
 pub mod render_settings;
 pub mod render_surface;
+pub mod render_texture_resources;
 pub mod sheet;
 pub mod sketch_equation;
 pub mod text_params;
@@ -92,8 +96,8 @@ pub use eval::{
    blend_target, curve_pick_error, draft_corner_options, edge_names_for, edge_refs, face_point_names, face_point_state, hole_direction_at,
    hole_on_surface, import_body_names, join_pieces_added, map_wire, metric_thread_sizes, object_height, parse_metric_thread, pattern_matrices,
    revolve_extent, revolve_extent_for_handle, revolve_extent_with_convention, select_profiles, sketch_hole_direction, sketch_line_plane,
-    state_in_frame, state_in_frame_at, suggested_thread, suggested_thread_in, tangent_face_chain, through_all_distance, world_state,
-    world_state_reusing,
+    state_in_frame, state_in_frame_at, suggested_thread, suggested_thread_in, tangent_face_chain, through_all_distance, with_placed_copies,
+    world_state, world_state_reusing,
 };
 pub use eval::{EvalCache, KeptResults};
 pub use expr::Expr;
@@ -429,6 +429,24 @@ pub(crate) fn cylinder_tool(body: Body) -> Traced {
    Traced::made(body, roles)
 }

+/// The roles of a cone primitive's faces, from the body revolved from its half section (base
+/// side first, then the sloped side, then the top side of a cut-off cone; the side on the axis
+/// makes no face): `bottom`, `side` and `top`, as a cylinder's are (#7476). `None` when the body
+/// has no history of its own.
+pub(crate) fn cone_roles(body: &Body) -> Option<Vec<Vec<String>>> {
+    body.history().filter(|h| h.operands == 0).map(|h| {
+        h.faces
+            .iter()
+            .map(|f| match f.origins.as_slice() {
+                [FaceOrigin::Profile { segment: 0 }] => vec!["bottom".to_string()],
+                [FaceOrigin::Profile { segment: 1 }] => vec!["side".to_string()],
+                [FaceOrigin::Profile { segment: 2 }] => vec!["top".to_string()],
+                _ => Vec::new(),
+            })
+            .collect()
+    })
+}
+
 /// A tool a feature builds without a sketch (a boss's post, a rib, a lip's band), its faces named
 /// by the part it makes: `<part>:top` (its end cap), `<part>:base` (its start cap) and
 /// `<part>:side:<k>` (swept from segment `k` of its profile), as its construction records them.
@@ -30,6 +30,39 @@ const MAX_HELD: usize = 50_000_000;
 /// evaluated again on every open (#8541).
 const MAX_TEXT: usize = 1 << 24;

+/// Whether two tap markings are the same to the bit: then they write the same record. (`==` takes
+/// 0.0 and -0.0 for the same number, whose records differ.) Every field is named, so a new one
+/// cannot be left out.
+fn same_marking(a: &ThreadInfo, b: &ThreadInfo) -> bool {
+    let numbers = |t: &ThreadInfo| {
+        let ThreadInfo {
+            feature: _,
+            body: _,
+            designation: _,
+            major_diameter,
+            radius,
+            pitch,
+            internal: _,
+            axis_point,
+            axis,
+            start,
+            end,
+            form: _,
+            hand: _,
+            starts: _,
+        } = t;
+        [*major_diameter, *radius, *pitch, axis_point.x, axis_point.y, axis_point.z, axis.x, axis.y, axis.z, *start, *end]
+    };
+    a.feature == b.feature
+        && a.body == b.body
+        && a.designation == b.designation
+        && a.internal == b.internal
+        && a.form == b.form
+        && a.hand == b.hand
+        && a.starts == b.starts
+        && numbers(a).iter().zip(numbers(b).iter()).all(|(x, y)| x.to_bits() == y.to_bits())
+}
+
 fn hex(v: u64) -> String {
    format!("{v:016x}")
 }
@@ -120,6 +153,14 @@ struct Writer {
    /// share them (writing them with every state made a sheet-metal design's model too large to keep).
    sheets: Vec<Json>,
    sheet_index: HashMap<String, usize>,
+    /// Tap markings (cosmetic threads) by their record, as the sheets: every state lists the
+    /// markings of all the features before it, so writing them with each state grew with the
+    /// square of the features (400 marked cylinders: 34 of a 37 MB manifest, past its limit).
+    threads: Vec<Json>,
+    thread_index: HashMap<String, usize>,
+    /// The state written last and the places of its markings: a state mostly keeps the markings
+    /// of the one before it, which are found again without writing them as text.
+    last_threads: Option<(Arc<ModelState>, Vec<usize>)>,
    states: Vec<Json>,
    state_index: HashMap<usize, usize>,
    /// Each kernel body's place in `bodies`, by its record.
@@ -258,6 +299,32 @@ impl Writer {
        Some(self.sheets.len() - 1)
    }

+    /// The places of `st`'s markings among the written ones. A marking at the same place in the
+    /// state written last, the same to the bit, is that one (no text built); any other is keyed by
+    /// its text, as a sheet is.
+    fn threads(&mut self, st: &Arc<ModelState>) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
+        let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(st.threads.len());
+        for (i, t) in st.threads.iter().enumerate() {
+            let before = self.last_threads.as_ref().and_then(|(s, at)| Some((s.threads.get(i)?, *at.get(i)?)));
+            if let Some((_, at)) = before.filter(|(b, _)| same_marking(b, t)) {
+                out.push(at);
+                continue;
+            }
+            let key = serde_json::to_string(t).ok()?;
+            let at = match self.thread_index.get(&key) {
+                Some(at) => *at,
+                None => {
+                    self.threads.push(serde_json::to_value(t).ok()?);
+                    self.thread_index.insert(key, self.threads.len() - 1);
+                    self.threads.len() - 1
+                }
+            };
+            out.push(at);
+        }
+        self.last_threads = Some((st.clone(), out.clone()));
+        Some(out)
+    }
+
    fn state(&mut self, st: &Arc<ModelState>) -> Option<usize> {
        let id = Arc::as_ptr(st) as usize;
        if let Some(i) = self.state_index.get(&id) {
@@ -266,11 +333,12 @@ impl Writer {
        let bodies = st.bodies.iter().map(|b| self.model_body(b)).collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()?;
        let sketches = st.sketches.iter().map(|s| self.sketch(s)).collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()?;
        let sheets = st.sheets.iter().map(|s| self.sheet(s)).collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()?;
+        let threads = self.threads(st)?;
        let r = json!({
            "bodies": runs(&bodies), "sketches": runs(&sketches), "body_counter": st.body_counter,
            "reserved_body_names": st.reserved_body_names.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            "sheets": sheets, "construct": serde_json::to_value(&st.construct).ok()?,
-            "threads": serde_json::to_value(&st.threads).ok()?,
+            "threads": runs(&threads),
            "sketch_key_set": self.sketch_key_set(&st.sketch_keys),
            "blend_edges": serde_json::to_value(&st.blend_edges).ok()?, "fitted": serde_json::to_value(&st.fitted).ok()?,
            "tapered": serde_json::to_value(&st.tapered).ok()?,
@@ -306,7 +374,8 @@ impl Model {
            // The check mode the results were evaluated under: they are another mode's results.
            let records = json!({
                "features": features, "states": w.states, "model_bodies": w.model_bodies, "names": w.names, "sketches": w.sketches,
-                "sheets": w.sheets, "validation": self.validation().id(), "rounds": w.rounds, "sketch_key_sets": w.sketch_key_sets,
+                "sheets": w.sheets, "threads": w.threads, "validation": self.validation().id(), "rounds": w.rounds,
+                "sketch_key_sets": w.sketch_key_sets,
            });
            Ok(SavedModel { records, bodies: w.bodies })
        })
@@ -388,6 +457,10 @@ impl SavedModel {
        for s in list("sheets")? {
            sheets.push(serde_json::from_value::<crate::sheet::SheetBody>(s.clone()).map_err(|_| bad("saved model: sheet"))?);
        }
+        let mut threads = Vec::new();
+        for t in list("threads")? {
+            threads.push(serde_json::from_value::<ThreadInfo>(t.clone()).map_err(|_| bad("saved model: tap marking"))?);
+        }
        // The sketch-key sets, each the changes from an earlier one (`base`): a short record can
        // stand for a large set, so what they hold counts towards MAX_HELD as they are built.
        let mut key_sets: Vec<BTreeMap<u64, u64>> = Vec::new();
@@ -413,6 +486,12 @@ impl SavedModel {
            }
            key_sets.push(keys);
        }
+        // Running totals of what each marking costs to clone (its items and text), by place.
+        let mut thread_weight = vec![0usize];
+        for t in &threads {
+            let w = 1usize.saturating_add((t.body.len().saturating_add(t.designation.len())) / 64);
+            thread_weight.push(thread_weight.last().copied().unwrap_or(0).saturating_add(w));
+        }
        let records = list("states")?;
        // What every state holds, counted from its runs and its sketch-key set before any is
        // built (a hostile file cannot make the states clone more than MAX_HELD items).
@@ -422,6 +501,14 @@ impl SavedModel {
                    held = held.saturating_add(run.get(1).and_then(Json::as_u64).and_then(|n| usize::try_from(n).ok()).unwrap_or(usize::MAX));
                }
            }
+            // A marking is cloned deeply into every state that lists it, so each counts by its
+            // text, not as one item: a run of a large marking repeated cannot exhaust memory.
+            for run in s.get("threads").and_then(Json::as_array).ok_or_else(|| bad("saved model: state"))? {
+                let first = index(run.get(0), threads.len())?;
+                let count = run.get(1).and_then(Json::as_u64).and_then(|n| usize::try_from(n).ok()).ok_or_else(|| bad("saved model: run"))?;
+                let end = first.checked_add(count).filter(|end| *end <= threads.len()).ok_or_else(|| bad("saved model: run"))?;
+                held = held.saturating_add(thread_weight[end].saturating_sub(thread_weight[first]));
+            }
            held = held.saturating_add(s.get("sheets").and_then(Json::as_array).map_or(0, Vec::len));
            held = held.saturating_add(key_sets.get(index(s.get("sketch_key_set"), key_sets.len())?).map_or(0, BTreeMap::len));
            if held > MAX_HELD {
@@ -465,7 +552,7 @@ impl SavedModel {
                    .map(|i| index(Some(i), sheets.len()).and_then(|i| sheets.get(i).cloned().ok_or_else(|| bad("saved model: sheet"))))
                    .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?,
                construct: serde_json::from_value(field("construct")?).map_err(invalid)?,
-                threads: serde_json::from_value(field("threads")?).map_err(invalid)?,
+                threads: ids("threads", threads.len())?.into_iter().filter_map(|i| threads.get(i).cloned()).collect(),
                sketch_keys,
                blend_edges: serde_json::from_value(field("blend_edges")?).map_err(invalid)?,
                fitted: serde_json::from_value(field("fitted")?).map_err(invalid)?,
@@ -613,10 +700,11 @@ impl SavedModel {
        let mut kept_bodies = vec![false; model_bodies.len()];
        let (mut names_used, mut sketches_used) = (vec![false; names.len()], vec![false; sketches.len()]);
        let mut stored = std::collections::HashSet::new();
-        // The sheet bodies, each written once and named by place in the states: all kept.
+        // The sheet bodies and tap markings, each written once and named by place in the states: all kept.
        let sheets = list("sheets").cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+        let threads = list("threads").cloned().unwrap_or_default();
        let key_sets = list("sketch_key_sets").cloned().unwrap_or_default();
-        let mut used = bytes(sheets.as_slice()).iter().chain(bytes(key_sets.as_slice()).iter()).fold(0usize, |t, b| t.saturating_add(*b));
+        let mut used = [&sheets, &threads, &key_sets].iter().flat_map(|l| bytes(l.as_slice())).fold(0usize, |t, b| t.saturating_add(b));
        for s in std::iter::once(last).chain(order) {
            let (mut adds, mut new_names, mut new_sketches) = (HashMap::new(), std::collections::HashSet::new(), std::collections::HashSet::new());
            let mut records = *state_bytes.get(s)?;
@@ -722,7 +810,8 @@ impl SavedModel {
        }
        let mut records = json!({
            "features": out_features, "states": out_states, "model_bodies": out_bodies, "names": kept_of(names.as_slice(), &names_used),
-            "sketches": kept_of(sketches.as_slice(), &sketches_used), "sheets": sheets, "rounds": out_rounds, "sketch_key_sets": key_sets,
+            "sketches": kept_of(sketches.as_slice(), &sketches_used), "sheets": sheets, "threads": threads, "rounds": out_rounds,
+            "sketch_key_sets": key_sets,
        });
        // The check mode the results were evaluated under, as the model records it (a model
        // that records none stays without one: adopting it is refused either way).
@@ -760,7 +849,7 @@ impl Model {
            return Err(bad("saved model: features"));
        }
        let (vals, param_errors) = evaluation_values(doc);
-        let step_digests = StepDigests::of(doc, &StepDigests::default());
+        let import_digests = ImportDigests::of(doc, &ImportDigests::default());
        let marker = doc.marker.unwrap_or(usize::MAX);
        // As `evaluate` digests the context under the mode, so the next evaluation reuses these.
        let ctx = context_digest(doc, &vals) ^ validation_digest(validation);
@@ -776,7 +865,7 @@ impl Model {
            // A fingerprint reads the state before its feature (where the bodies it takes lie).
            // After a state the file left out, the saved one is taken: `evaluate` works that state
            // out, checks the fingerprints after it, and evaluates again from one that differs.
-            prev = if exact { chain_fingerprint(doc, &vals, f, prev, i >= marker, &step_digests, Some(&before)) } else { saved };
+            prev = if exact { chain_fingerprint(doc, &vals, f, prev, i >= marker, &import_digests, Some(&before)) } else { saved };
            if r.get("id").and_then(Json::as_u64) != Some(f.id) || saved != prev {
                return Err(bad("saved model: the document changed"));
            }
@@ -826,7 +915,7 @@ impl Model {
            }
            results.push(result);
        }
-        let mut model = Model { results, param_errors, step_digests, context: ctx, frame_bodies, validation, ..Model::default() };
+        let mut model = Model { results, param_errors, import_digests, context: ctx, frame_bodies, validation, ..Model::default() };
        let unkept = model.results.iter().filter(|r| r.unkept).count();
        if unkept > 0 {
            // The features whose state the file did not keep, each evaluated again from the state
@@ -844,7 +933,7 @@ impl Model {
        let mut before = Arc::new(ModelState::default());
        if let Ok(mut cache) = model.cache.lock() {
            for (f, r) in doc.features.iter().zip(&model.results).filter(|(_, r)| !r.skipped && r.error.is_none()) {
-                let local = fingerprint(doc, 0, f, &vals, false, &model.step_digests) ^ placement_digest(doc, f, Some(&before));
+                let local = fingerprint(doc, 0, f, &vals, false, &model.import_digests) ^ placement_digest(doc, f, Some(&before));
                cache.put(
                    cache_key(f, r.fingerprint, local, ctx, &before),
                    CachedEval {
@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ pub(crate) fn face_centres(b: &ModelBody) -> Vec<Vec3> {
    samples(&b.mesh(), face_count(b)).into_iter().map(|ps| ps.iter().fold(Vec3::ZERO, |a, p| a + *p) * (1.0 / ps.len().max(1) as f64)).collect()
 }

-/// The name of a face new to `f`.
+/// The name of a face new to `f` (a feature that went through `eval::naming_feature`).
 fn role_name(f: &Feature, before: &ModelState, ps: &[Vec3], ns: &[Vec3], fi: usize, fid: u64, curves: &std::cell::OnceCell<Curves>) -> String {
    let c = ps.iter().fold(Vec3::ZERO, |a, p| a + *p) * (1.0 / ps.len().max(1) as f64);
    match &f.kind {
@@ -858,7 +858,10 @@ fn role_name(f: &Feature, before: &ModelState, ps: &[Vec3], ns: &[Vec3], fi: usi
        }
        FeatureKind::Revolve { sketch, axis, .. } => {
            let Some(ss) = before.sketch(sketch.0) else { return format!("F{fid}:face:{fi}") };
-            let Ok((o2, d2)) = crate::eval::revolve_axis(ss, axis, before, &|name| crate::eval::construction_axis_in(None, before, name, 0)) else {
+            // The origin was written as its values when the feature was evaluated (`naming_feature`).
+            let Ok((o2, d2)) =
+                crate::eval::revolve_axis(&Default::default(), ss, axis, before, &|name| crate::eval::construction_axis_in(None, before, name, 0))
+            else {
                return format!("F{fid}:face:{fi}");
            };
            let (o, d) = (ss.plane.to_world(o2), (ss.plane.to_world(o2 + d2) - ss.plane.to_world(o2)).normalized().unwrap_or(Vec3::Z));
@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+//! A design a newer SolidCraft saved: it opens, with a warning, and saving it loses nothing.
+//!
+//! A newer format number, or a change the file names that this build doesn't have, says a newer
+//! build saved the file. It may use nothing this build lacks, so it is read as usual. When part of
+//! it can't be read, that part stays out of the way and the rest opens:
+//! - a feature this build can't read keeps its place on the timeline as
+//!   [`FeatureKind::NewerFileFeature`](crate::FeatureKind::NewerFileFeature), which reports an error when evaluated;
+//! - a parameter it can't read is left out;
+//! - any other top-level section it can't read is left out whole;
+//! - a field it doesn't know, which typed reading would drop, is noticed by comparing the file
+//!   with what was read.
+//!
+//! All of these are named in [`NewerFile::not_understood`] and go back into the file when it is
+//! saved ([`restore`]), as they came. Saving keeps the file's own format number and change list:
+//! the file still holds what the newer build wrote, and a lower number would make that build
+//! upgrade its own data as if it were old. What can't be put back because the design changed around
+//! it ([`not_kept`]) is said in the reply to the save.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde_json::{Map, Value, json};
+
+use crate::format::{self, DESIGN, Newer};
+use crate::{DocError, Document, Result};
+
+/// How a [`RawFeature`] is written while it is inside this build; [`restore`] unwraps it.
+const FOREIGN_TAG: &str = "newer_file_feature";
+/// Sections a design can't open without: filled in when the file's can't be read.
+const CORE: [&str; 3] = ["name", "params", "features"];
+/// The most sections left out one at a time to find the one a design can't be read with.
+const MAX_SECTION_TRIES: usize = 64;
+/// Fields a design container adds beside what a design holds; not unknown to this build.
+const CONTAINER_ONLY: [&str; 6] = ["step_blob", "mesh_blob", "image_blob", "points_blob", "hdr_blob", "texture_blob"];
+
+/// A feature as a newer build wrote it.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(transparent)]
+pub struct RawFeature(pub Box<Value>);
+
+impl RawFeature {
+    /// The kind of feature it says it is.
+    pub fn kind(&self) -> &str {
+        self.0.get("type").and_then(Value::as_str).unwrap_or("unnamed")
+    }
+
+    /// Why it doesn't build here.
+    pub fn why(&self) -> String {
+        format!("saved by a newer SolidCraft: this version can't read a `{}` feature. Update SolidCraft to build it; saving keeps it", self.kind())
+    }
+}
+
+/// What the file says and holds that this build doesn't read.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]
+pub struct NewerFile {
+    /// The number the file says.
+    pub format: u32,
+    /// The number this build reads up to.
+    pub reads_up_to: u32,
+    /// The changes the file names that this build doesn't have.
+    pub unknown_changes: Vec<String>,
+    /// What this build couldn't read, by name.
+    pub not_understood: Vec<String>,
+    /// Fields known records lost in typed reading.
+    kept: Option<Kept>,
+    /// Top-level sections left out whole.
+    sections: Vec<Section>,
+    /// Elements left out of a top-level list: its key and the element.
+    elements: Vec<(String, Value)>,
+    /// The parts of a design container this build has no use for: name and bytes. A blob only one
+    /// of the kept pieces refers to is one of them.
+    pub parts: Vec<(String, Arc<[u8]>)>,
+    /// The file's `container.json`, when this build doesn't know what it says.
+    pub container: Option<Value>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+struct Section {
+    key: String,
+    value: Value,
+    /// This build's record of the section, without the file's: while it is unchanged, the file's
+    /// goes back.
+    empty: Option<Value>,
+}
+
+/// The fields of a record that typed reading dropped.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+enum Kept {
+    Field(Value),
+    Fields(BTreeMap<String, Kept>),
+    Items(Vec<(Anchor, Kept)>),
+}
+
+/// Which element of a list some kept fields belong to.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+enum Anchor {
+    Id(u64),
+    Name(String),
+    /// Its place, good only while the list keeps its length.
+    Index {
+        at: usize,
+        of: usize,
+    },
+}
+
+impl NewerFile {
+    /// What to tell the user, whatever else is said.
+    pub fn notice(&self) -> String {
+        let reads = self.reads_up_to;
+        let format = self.format;
+        match self.unknown_changes.first() {
+            Some(change) if format <= reads => {
+                format!(
+                    "Saved by a newer SolidCraft (format {format} with `{change}`, which this version doesn't know). If something's missing, update."
+                )
+            }
+            _ => format!("Saved by a newer SolidCraft (format {format}, this version reads up to {reads}). If something's missing, update."),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Every line to report: the notice, then what couldn't be read, by name.
+    pub fn warnings(&self) -> Vec<String> {
+        let unread = self.not_understood.iter().map(|what| format!("Not read: {what}. Saving keeps it."));
+        std::iter::once(self.notice()).chain(unread).collect()
+    }
+
+    /// What a reply says about it.
+    pub fn report(&self) -> Value {
+        json!({
+            "format": self.format,
+            "reads_up_to": self.reads_up_to,
+            "unknown_changes": self.unknown_changes,
+            "not_understood": self.not_understood,
+            "notice": self.notice(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the next save needs a container to keep what the file holds: plain JSON has no room
+    /// for parts beside the design.
+    pub fn needs_container(&self) -> bool {
+        !self.parts.is_empty()
+    }
+
+    /// Whether anything kept back names this text (a blob's name in a container).
+    pub fn mentions(&self, text: &str) -> bool {
+        fn value(v: &Value, text: &str) -> bool {
+            match v {
+                Value::String(s) => s == text,
+                Value::Array(a) => a.iter().any(|x| value(x, text)),
+                Value::Object(o) => o.values().any(|x| value(x, text)),
+                _ => false,
+            }
+        }
+        fn kept(k: &Kept, text: &str) -> bool {
+            match k {
+                Kept::Field(v) => value(v, text),
+                Kept::Fields(m) => m.values().any(|x| kept(x, text)),
+                Kept::Items(l) => l.iter().any(|(_, x)| kept(x, text)),
+            }
+        }
+        self.kept.as_ref().is_some_and(|k| kept(k, text))
+            || self.sections.iter().any(|s| value(&s.value, text))
+            || self.elements.iter().any(|(_, v)| value(v, text))
+    }
+
+    /// Say that a section the container reader couldn't finish reading is left out.
+    /// `empty` is what the design writes for the section while it holds nothing, if anything.
+    pub fn keep_section(&mut self, key: &str, value: Value, empty: Option<Value>, why: &str) {
+        self.not_understood.push(format!("section `{key}` ({why})"));
+        self.sections.push(Section { key: key.into(), value, empty });
+    }
+}
+
+/// Read a design a newer build saved, or say why it truly can't be read.
+pub(crate) fn read(mut raw: Value, version: u32, applied: Option<Vec<String>>, newer: Newer) -> Result<Document> {
+    let applied_names = applied.as_deref();
+    let mut file =
+        NewerFile { format: newer.format, reads_up_to: newer.reads_up_to, unknown_changes: newer.unknown_changes.clone(), ..NewerFile::default() };
+    let (mut doc, read_as) = match format::decode(raw.clone(), version, applied_names) {
+        Ok(doc) => (doc, raw),
+        Err(_) => {
+            let mut foreign = BTreeMap::new();
+            let mut doc = salvage(&mut raw, version, applied_names, &mut file, &mut foreign).map_err(|why| {
+                DocError::Invalid(format!(
+                    "this design was saved by a newer SolidCraft (format {}, this version reads up to {}) and this version can't read it: {why}. Update SolidCraft to open it",
+                    newer.format, newer.reads_up_to
+                ))
+            })?;
+            fill_foreign(&mut doc, foreign);
+            (doc, raw)
+        }
+    };
+    let mut upgraded = read_as;
+    // Compared with what was read, the file's own shape after the same upgrade.
+    DESIGN.upgrade(&mut upgraded, version, applied_names)?;
+    let known = serde_json::to_value(&doc).map_err(|e| DocError::Invalid(format!("design file: {e}")))?;
+    let mut paths = Vec::new();
+    file.kept = vanished(&upgraded, &known, "", &mut paths);
+    file.not_understood.extend(paths);
+    for section in &mut file.sections {
+        section.empty = known.get(&section.key).cloned();
+    }
+    if newer.format > newer.reads_up_to {
+        // The file's own number and list: it still holds what that build wrote.
+        doc.format = DESIGN.format_string(newer.format);
+        doc.format_pending = applied.unwrap_or_default();
+    } else {
+        // Upgraded to this build's format; the changes it doesn't know are still in it.
+        doc.format_pending.extend(newer.unknown_changes.iter().cloned());
+    }
+    doc.newer_file = Some(Arc::new(file));
+    Ok(doc)
+}
+
+/// Read the design around what can't be read, which moves to `file`. `raw` ends as what was read.
+fn salvage(
+    raw: &mut Value,
+    version: u32,
+    applied: Option<&[String]>,
+    file: &mut NewerFile,
+    foreign: &mut BTreeMap<u64, Value>,
+) -> std::result::Result<Document, String> {
+    let piece = |key: &str, value: &Value| {
+        let mut stub = json!({"name": "", "params": [], "features": []});
+        stub[key] = value.clone();
+        format::check_piece(stub, version, applied)
+    };
+    let Some(top) = raw.as_object_mut() else { return Err("expected a JSON object".into()) };
+    // A feature it can't read keeps its place; a parameter it can't read stays out.
+    if let Some(Value::Array(features)) = top.get_mut("features") {
+        let mut free = features.iter().filter_map(|f| f.get("id").and_then(Value::as_u64)).max().unwrap_or(0).saturating_add(1);
+        for feature in features.iter_mut() {
+            if let Err(why) = piece("features", &json!([feature])) {
+                file.not_understood.push(feature_note(feature, &why.to_string()));
+                *feature = wrapped(std::mem::take(feature), &mut free, foreign);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if let Some(Value::Array(params)) = top.get_mut("params") {
+        params.retain(|param| match piece("params", &json!([param])) {
+            Ok(()) => true,
+            Err(why) => {
+                let name = param.get("name").and_then(Value::as_str).unwrap_or("unnamed");
+                file.not_understood.push(format!("parameter `{name}` ({})", short(&why.to_string())));
+                file.elements.push(("params".into(), param.clone()));
+                false
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    // Any other section, by itself.
+    let keys: Vec<String> = top.keys().cloned().collect();
+    for key in &keys {
+        let value = top.get(key).cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+        if let Err(why) = piece(key, &value) {
+            move_out(top, key, &why.to_string(), file);
+        }
+    }
+    if !top.get("name").is_some_and(Value::is_string) {
+        top.insert("name".into(), json!("Untitled"));
+    }
+    for key in ["params", "features"] {
+        top.entry(key).or_insert_with(|| json!([]));
+    }
+    let attempt = |top: &Map<String, Value>| format::decode(Value::Object(top.clone()), version, applied);
+    let first = match attempt(top) {
+        Ok(doc) => return Ok(doc),
+        Err(why) => why,
+    };
+    // Sections that are fine by themselves but not together with the rest.
+    let keys: Vec<String> = top.keys().filter(|k| !CORE.contains(&k.as_str())).cloned().collect();
+    // Each try reads the whole design: a file of many sections goes straight to the last resort.
+    for key in keys.iter().filter(|_| keys.len() <= MAX_SECTION_TRIES) {
+        let mut without = top.clone();
+        without.remove(key);
+        if let Ok(doc) = attempt(&without) {
+            move_out(top, key, &first.to_string(), file);
+            return Ok(doc);
+        }
+    }
+    let mut bare = top.clone();
+    bare.retain(|key, _| CORE.contains(&key.as_str()));
+    match attempt(&bare) {
+        Ok(doc) => {
+            for key in &keys {
+                move_out(top, key, &first.to_string(), file);
+            }
+            Ok(doc)
+        }
+        Err(_) => Err(first.to_string()),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Leave a section out and keep it. A section the design needs is left empty.
+fn move_out(top: &mut Map<String, Value>, key: &str, why: &str, file: &mut NewerFile) {
+    let Some(value) = top.remove(key) else { return };
+    file.not_understood.push(format!("section `{key}` ({})", short(why)));
+    file.sections.push(Section { key: key.into(), value, empty: None });
+}
+
+/// The first line of a reader's error, without the list of every kind it knows.
+fn short(why: &str) -> &str {
+    let why = why.split(", expected").next().unwrap_or(why);
+    why.strip_prefix("design file: ").unwrap_or(why)
+}
+
+fn feature_note(feature: &Value, why: &str) -> String {
+    let name = feature.get("name").and_then(Value::as_str).unwrap_or("unnamed");
+    let kind = feature.get("type").and_then(Value::as_str).unwrap_or("unnamed");
+    let why = short(why);
+    if why.starts_with("unknown variant") {
+        format!("feature `{name}`, a `{kind}` feature this version doesn't know")
+    } else {
+        format!("feature `{name}`, a `{kind}` feature ({why})")
+    }
+}
+
+/// A feature this build can't read as this build reads it: the fields every feature has, which stay
+/// editable. Its `raw` is filled in after reading ([`fill_foreign`]), so nothing in a feature this
+/// build can't read is judged by this build's rules. `free` gives an id to one the file left
+/// without.
+fn wrapped(raw: Value, free: &mut u64, foreign: &mut BTreeMap<u64, Value>) -> Value {
+    let id = raw.get("id").and_then(Value::as_u64).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        let id = *free;
+        *free = free.saturating_add(1);
+        id
+    });
+    let name = raw.get("name").and_then(Value::as_str).unwrap_or("Unknown feature").to_string();
+    let suppressed = raw.get("suppressed").and_then(Value::as_bool).unwrap_or(false);
+    let component = raw.get("component").and_then(Value::as_u64).unwrap_or(0);
+    foreign.insert(id, raw);
+    json!({"id": id, "name": name, "suppressed": suppressed, "component": component, "type": FOREIGN_TAG, "raw": null})
+}
+
+/// Give the features [`wrapped`] left without one what the file said.
+fn fill_foreign(doc: &mut Document, mut foreign: BTreeMap<u64, Value>) {
+    for feature in &mut doc.features {
+        if let crate::FeatureKind::NewerFileFeature { raw } = &mut feature.kind
+            && let Some(value) = foreign.remove(&feature.id)
+        {
+            *raw.0 = value;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A feature back as the file had it, with the changes this build can make to any feature.
+fn unwrapped(feature: &mut Value) {
+    let Some(wrapper) = feature.as_object_mut() else { return };
+    let Some(Value::Object(mut raw)) = wrapper.remove("raw") else { return };
+    for key in ["id", "name", "suppressed", "component"] {
+        match wrapper.get(key) {
+            // Left out as a writer leaves it out, unless the file said it.
+            Some(v) if key != "id" && !raw.contains_key(key) && looks_default(v) => {}
+            Some(v) => {
+                raw.insert(key.into(), v.clone());
+            }
+            None => {
+                raw.remove(key);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    *feature = Value::Object(raw);
+}
+
+/// A value a writer leaves out without losing anything: not worth telling anyone about.
+fn looks_default(v: &Value) -> bool {
+    match v {
+        Value::Null => true,
+        Value::Bool(b) => !b,
+        Value::Number(n) => n.as_f64() == Some(0.0),
+        Value::String(s) => s.is_empty(),
+        Value::Array(a) => a.is_empty(),
+        Value::Object(o) => o.is_empty(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// What `raw` has that `known`, what was read of it, doesn't. `paths` gets those fields' names.
+fn vanished(raw: &Value, known: &Value, path: &str, paths: &mut Vec<String>) -> Option<Kept> {
+    match (raw, known) {
+        (Value::Object(raw), Value::Object(known)) => {
+            if known.get("type").and_then(Value::as_str) == Some(FOREIGN_TAG) {
+                return None;
+            }
+            let mut kept = BTreeMap::new();
+            for (key, value) in raw {
+                if CONTAINER_ONLY.contains(&key.as_str()) || (path.is_empty() && matches!(key.as_str(), "format" | "format_pending")) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let inner = if path.is_empty() { key.clone() } else { format!("{path}.{key}") };
+                match known.get(key) {
+                    None => {
+                        if !looks_default(value) {
+                            paths.push(format!("field `{inner}`"));
+                        }
+                        kept.insert(key.clone(), Kept::Field(value.clone()));
+                    }
+                    Some(known) => {
+                        if let Some(k) = vanished(value, known, &inner, paths) {
+                            kept.insert(key.clone(), k);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            (!kept.is_empty()).then_some(Kept::Fields(kept))
+        }
+        (Value::Array(raw), Value::Array(known)) => {
+            let mut items = Vec::new();
+            for (at, element) in raw.iter().enumerate() {
+                let anchor = anchor_of(element).unwrap_or(Anchor::Index { at, of: raw.len() });
+                let Some(partner) = find(known, &anchor) else { continue };
+                let label = match (element.get("name").and_then(Value::as_str), &anchor) {
+                    (Some(name), _) => format!("{path}[{name}]"),
+                    (None, Anchor::Id(id)) => format!("{path}[{id}]"),
+                    _ => format!("{path}[{at}]"),
+                };
+                if let Some(k) = vanished(element, partner, &label, paths) {
+                    items.push((anchor, k));
+                }
+            }
+            (!items.is_empty()).then_some(Kept::Items(items))
+        }
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+fn anchor_of(element: &Value) -> Option<Anchor> {
+    if let Some(id) = element.get("id").and_then(Value::as_u64) {
+        return Some(Anchor::Id(id));
+    }
+    element.get("name").and_then(Value::as_str).map(|name| Anchor::Name(name.to_string()))
+}
+
+fn find<'a>(list: &'a [Value], anchor: &Anchor) -> Option<&'a Value> {
+    match anchor {
+        Anchor::Id(id) => list.iter().find(|x| x.get("id").and_then(Value::as_u64) == Some(*id)),
+        Anchor::Name(name) => list.iter().find(|x| x.get("name").and_then(Value::as_str) == Some(name)),
+        Anchor::Index { at, of } => (list.len() == *of).then(|| list.get(*at)).flatten(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn find_mut<'a>(list: &'a mut [Value], anchor: &Anchor) -> Option<&'a mut Value> {
+    match anchor {
+        Anchor::Id(id) => list.iter_mut().find(|x| x.get("id").and_then(Value::as_u64) == Some(*id)),
+        Anchor::Name(name) => list.iter_mut().find(|x| x.get("name").and_then(Value::as_str) == Some(name)),
+        Anchor::Index { at, of } => (list.len() == *of).then(|| list.get_mut(*at)).flatten(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Put the kept fields back. An element that is gone was deleted here, its fields with it; one
+/// whose place can't be told any more, and a field whose record is gone, go into `lost`.
+fn apply(kept: &Kept, value: &mut Value, path: &str, lost: &mut Vec<String>) {
+    match kept {
+        Kept::Field(_) => {}
+        Kept::Fields(fields) => {
+            let Some(object) = value.as_object_mut() else {
+                lost.push(format!("field `{path}`"));
+                return;
+            };
+            for (key, sub) in fields {
+                let inner = if path.is_empty() { key.clone() } else { format!("{path}.{key}") };
+                match (sub, object.get_mut(key)) {
+                    (Kept::Field(v), None) => {
+                        object.insert(key.clone(), v.clone());
+                    }
+                    (Kept::Field(_), Some(_)) => {}
+                    (sub, Some(inner_value)) => apply(sub, inner_value, &inner, lost),
+                    // The list it was in is empty and not written: its elements were deleted.
+                    (Kept::Items(_), None) => {}
+                    (_, None) => lost.push(format!("field `{inner}`")),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Kept::Items(items) => {
+            let Some(list) = value.as_array_mut() else {
+                lost.push(format!("field `{path}`"));
+                return;
+            };
+            for (anchor, sub) in items {
+                match (find_mut(list, anchor), anchor) {
+                    (Some(element), _) => apply(sub, element, path, lost),
+                    (None, Anchor::Index { at, .. }) => lost.push(format!("element {at} of `{path}`")),
+                    (None, _) => {}
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Write back what the design holds of the file a newer build saved, into `value`, the design's
+/// JSON. Returns what couldn't go back ([`not_kept`]).
+pub fn restore(doc: &Document, value: &mut Value) -> Vec<String> {
+    let mut lost = Vec::new();
+    let Some(file) = &doc.newer_file else { return lost };
+    if let Some(Value::Array(features)) = value.get_mut("features") {
+        for feature in features.iter_mut().filter(|f| f.get("type").and_then(Value::as_str) == Some(FOREIGN_TAG)) {
+            unwrapped(feature);
+        }
+    }
+    if let Some(kept) = &file.kept {
+        apply(kept, value, "", &mut lost);
+    }
+    if let Some(top) = value.as_object_mut() {
+        for section in &file.sections {
+            if top.get(&section.key) == section.empty.as_ref() {
+                top.insert(section.key.clone(), section.value.clone());
+            } else {
+                lost.push(format!("section `{}`, replaced by what was edited here", section.key));
+            }
+        }
+        for (key, element) in &file.elements {
+            let name = element.get("name");
+            match top.entry(key.clone()).or_insert_with(|| json!([])) {
+                Value::Array(list) if name.is_none() || !list.iter().any(|x| x.get("name") == name) => list.push(element.clone()),
+                _ => lost.push(format!("`{key}` element {}, replaced by what was made here", name.and_then(Value::as_str).unwrap_or("unnamed"))),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    lost
+}
+
+/// What of the file a newer build saved the next save can't keep, because the design was changed
+/// around it. Empty almost always.
+pub fn not_kept(doc: &Document) -> Vec<String> {
+    let Ok(mut value) = serde_json::to_value(doc) else { return Vec::new() };
+    restore(doc, &mut value)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[path = "newer_file_tests.rs"]
+mod tests;
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+//! Designs a newer SolidCraft saved: they open, say so, and saving loses nothing.
+
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+
+use crate::format::{DESIGN, FORMAT, format_string};
+use crate::{Document, FeatureKind, Model, PlaneRef};
+
+/// A real design: a sketched disc and its extrusion, and a parameter.
+fn design() -> Document {
+    use solidcraft_sketch::Sketch;
+    let mut d = Document::new("Plate");
+    d.set_param("depth", "5 mm", Some("mm"), None).unwrap();
+    let mut sketch = Sketch::new();
+    sketch.add_circle(solidcore_record::Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0), 10.0, None, None).unwrap();
+    let base = d.add_feature(FeatureKind::Sketch { plane: PlaneRef::Origin { name: "XY".into() }, sketch }, Some("Base")).unwrap();
+    d.add_feature(extrude(base), Some("Pad")).unwrap();
+    d
+}
+
+fn extrude(sketch: u64) -> FeatureKind {
+    FeatureKind::Extrude {
+        thin: None,
+        sketch: crate::SketchId(sketch),
+        profiles: crate::ProfileSel::All,
+        extent: serde_json::from_value(json!({"distance": "depth"})).unwrap(),
+        operation: crate::Operation::NewBody,
+        targets: vec![],
+    }
+}
+
+fn saved(d: &Document) -> Value {
+    serde_json::from_str(&d.to_json()).unwrap()
+}
+
+/// `(body name, volume)` of everything the design builds, and the error of each feature.
+fn built(d: &Document) -> (Vec<(String, f64)>, Vec<Option<String>>) {
+    let mut model = Model::default();
+    model.evaluate(d);
+    let bodies = model.state().bodies.iter().map(|b| (b.name.clone(), b.body.volume_at(0.01).unwrap())).collect();
+    (bodies, model.results.iter().map(|r| r.error.clone()).collect())
+}
+
+fn newer() -> String {
+    format_string(FORMAT + 1)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn one_format_newer_with_nothing_unknown_opens_with_the_same_bodies() {
+    let original = design();
+    let mut file = saved(&original);
+    file["format"] = json!(newer());
+    let opened = Document::from_json(&file.to_string()).unwrap();
+    let (bodies, errors) = built(&opened);
+    assert_eq!((bodies.clone(), errors), built(&original));
+    assert_eq!(bodies.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(opened.features, original.features);
+    let notice = opened.newer_file.as_ref().unwrap().notice();
+    assert_eq!(
+        notice,
+        format!("Saved by a newer SolidCraft (format {}, this version reads up to {FORMAT}). If something's missing, update.", FORMAT + 1)
+    );
+    assert!(opened.newer_file.as_ref().unwrap().not_understood.is_empty());
+    // Saved, it still says what it is; read again, the same.
+    let again = saved(&opened);
+    assert_eq!(again["format"], json!(newer()));
+    assert_eq!(Document::from_json(&opened.to_json()).unwrap(), opened);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn an_unknown_change_opens_with_a_warning_and_stays_on_the_file() {
+    let original = design();
+    let mut file = saved(&original);
+    file["format_pending"] = json!(["a-later-change"]);
+    let opened = Document::from_json(&file.to_string()).unwrap();
+    let report = opened.newer_file.as_ref().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(report.unknown_changes, ["a-later-change"]);
+    assert!(report.notice().contains("a-later-change") && report.notice().starts_with("Saved by a newer SolidCraft"), "{}", report.notice());
+    assert_eq!(built(&opened), built(&original));
+    let again = saved(&opened);
+    assert_eq!(again["format"], json!(format_string(FORMAT)));
+    assert!(again["format_pending"].as_array().unwrap().contains(&json!("a-later-change")));
+    assert_eq!(Document::from_json(&opened.to_json()).unwrap(), opened);
+}
+
+/// The file, with a feature of a kind this build doesn't have between the sketch and the pad.
+fn with_unknown_feature() -> Value {
+    let mut file = saved(&design());
+    file["format"] = json!(newer());
+    file["format_pending"] = json!(["a-later-change"]);
+    let future = json!({"id": 900, "name": "Lattice1", "type": "gyroid_lattice", "cell": 2.5, "nested": {"big": 1e300}, "suppressed": false});
+    file["features"].as_array_mut().unwrap().insert(1, future);
+    file
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn an_unknown_feature_kind_opens_the_rest_and_reports_that_feature() {
+    let file = with_unknown_feature();
+    let opened = Document::from_json(&file.to_string()).unwrap();
+    let report = opened.newer_file.as_ref().unwrap();
+    assert!(report.not_understood.iter().any(|what| what.contains("Lattice1") && what.contains("gyroid_lattice")), "{:?}", report.not_understood);
+    assert_eq!(opened.features.len(), 3);
+    assert!(matches!(&opened.features[1].kind, FeatureKind::NewerFileFeature { raw } if raw.kind() == "gyroid_lattice"));
+    let (bodies, errors) = built(&opened);
+    assert_eq!(bodies.len(), 1, "the pad after it still builds");
+    assert!(errors[0].is_none() && errors[2].is_none(), "{errors:?}");
+    let why = errors[1].as_deref().unwrap();
+    assert!(why.contains("newer SolidCraft") && why.contains("gyroid_lattice"), "{why}");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn saving_keeps_an_unknown_feature_as_the_file_had_it_and_the_files_number() {
+    let file = with_unknown_feature();
+    let opened = Document::from_json(&file.to_string()).unwrap();
+    let again = saved(&opened);
+    assert_eq!(again["format"], file["format"], "never a lower number");
+    assert_eq!(again["format_pending"], file["format_pending"]);
+    assert_eq!(again["features"][1], file["features"][1], "the feature as the file had it");
+    assert_eq!(
+        again["features"].as_array().unwrap().iter().map(|f| f["type"].clone()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        [json!("sketch"), json!("gyroid_lattice"), json!("extrude")]
+    );
+    assert_eq!(Document::from_json(&opened.to_json()).unwrap(), opened, "saved and read again, the same");
+    // A rename here goes with it; the rest stays.
+    let mut renamed = opened.clone();
+    renamed.features[1].name = "Infill".into();
+    let again = saved(&renamed);
+    assert_eq!(again["features"][1]["name"], "Infill");
+    assert_eq!(again["features"][1]["nested"], json!({"big": 1e300}));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn saving_keeps_fields_and_sections_this_version_doesnt_know() {
+    let mut file = saved(&design());
+    file["format"] = json!(newer());
+    file["future_section"] = json!({"anything": [1, 2, 3]});
+    file["features"][1]["draft_v2"] = json!({"angle": 3.0});
+    file["params"][0]["future_note"] = json!("keep me");
+    let opened = Document::from_json(&file.to_string()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(built(&opened).0.len(), 1);
+    let report = opened.newer_file.as_ref().unwrap();
+    for field in ["future_section", "draft_v2", "future_note"] {
+        assert!(report.not_understood.iter().any(|what| what.contains(field)), "{field}: {:?}", report.not_understood);
+    }
+    let again = saved(&opened);
+    assert_eq!(again["future_section"], file["future_section"]);
+    assert_eq!(again["features"][1]["draft_v2"], file["features"][1]["draft_v2"]);
+    assert_eq!(again["params"][0]["future_note"], "keep me");
+    // They follow their records when the design changes around them.
+    let mut changed = opened.clone();
+    let id = changed.features[1].id;
+    changed.features.insert(0, changed.features[0].clone());
+    changed.features[0].id = 777;
+    assert_eq!(changed.feature(id).unwrap().name, "Pad");
+    let again = saved(&changed);
+    assert_eq!(again["features"][2]["draft_v2"], file["features"][1]["draft_v2"]);
+    assert!(crate::newer_file::not_kept(&changed).is_empty());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_section_that_doesnt_read_is_left_out_named_and_kept() {
+    let mut file = saved(&design());
+    file["format"] = json!(newer());
+    file["configs"] = json!({"columns": [{"unknown_future_column": "Body"}], "rules": {"unknown_future_rule": true}});
+    let opened = Document::from_json(&file.to_string()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(built(&opened).0.len(), 1);
+    let report = opened.newer_file.as_ref().unwrap();
+    assert!(report.not_understood.iter().any(|what| what.contains("configs")), "{:?}", report.not_understood);
+    assert_eq!(saved(&opened)["configs"], file["configs"]);
+    assert!(crate::newer_file::not_kept(&opened).is_empty());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_parameter_that_doesnt_read_is_left_out_named_and_kept() {
+    let mut file = saved(&design());
+    file["format"] = json!(newer());
+    file["params"].as_array_mut().unwrap().push(json!({"name": "future", "expression": {"kind": "table"}}));
+    let opened = Document::from_json(&file.to_string()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(built(&opened).0.len(), 1);
+    assert!(opened.newer_file.as_ref().unwrap().not_understood.iter().any(|what| what.contains("`future`")));
+    let names: Vec<_> = saved(&opened)["params"].as_array().unwrap().iter().map(|p| p["name"].clone()).collect();
+    assert!(names.contains(&json!("future")) && names.contains(&json!("depth")), "{names:?}");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn what_cant_go_back_after_an_edit_is_said() {
+    let mut file = saved(&design());
+    file["format"] = json!(newer());
+    file["configs"] = json!({"columns": [{"unknown_future_column": "Body"}]});
+    let opened = Document::from_json(&file.to_string()).unwrap();
+    assert!(crate::newer_file::not_kept(&opened).is_empty());
+    let mut edited = opened.clone();
+    edited.favorites.insert("depth".into());
+    assert!(crate::newer_file::not_kept(&edited).is_empty(), "an edit elsewhere costs nothing");
+    let baseline: Value = saved(&edited);
+    assert_eq!(baseline["configs"], file["configs"]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_feature_this_version_reads_wrongly_is_kept_whole() {
+    // A kind this build has, in a shape it doesn't: the feature can't read, and is not guessed at.
+    let mut file = saved(&design());
+    file["format"] = json!(newer());
+    file["features"][1]["operation"] = json!("weave");
+    let opened = Document::from_json(&file.to_string()).unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(&opened.features[1].kind, FeatureKind::NewerFileFeature { raw } if raw.kind() == "extrude"));
+    assert!(built(&opened).1[1].as_deref().unwrap().contains("newer SolidCraft"));
+    assert_eq!(saved(&opened)["features"][1], file["features"][1]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn what_truly_cant_be_read_says_why() {
+    for (text, says) in [
+        ("not json", "HDR resource admission"),
+        ("{\"format\":\"solidcraft/0\",\"name\":\"x\"}", "format 0"),
+        ("{\"format\":\"someone-else/9\"}", "not a SolidCraft design (format `someone-else/9`)"),
+    ] {
+        let why = Document::from_json(text).unwrap_err().to_string();
+        assert!(why.contains(says), "{text}: {why}");
+    }
+    // Two features of one id are damage whatever build saved them.
+    let mut file = saved(&design());
+    file["format"] = json!(newer());
+    let same = file["features"][0].clone();
+    file["features"].as_array_mut().unwrap().push(same);
+    let why = Document::from_json(&file.to_string()).unwrap_err().to_string();
+    assert!(why.contains(&format!("format {}", FORMAT + 1)) && why.contains("can't read it") && why.contains("damaged"), "{why}");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_file_this_build_fully_knows_is_not_flagged_and_damage_is_still_refused() {
+    assert!(Document::from_json(&design().to_json()).unwrap().newer_file.is_none());
+    assert_eq!(DESIGN.newer(FORMAT, None), None);
+    let mut file = saved(&design());
+    file["features"][1]["type"] = json!("gyroid_lattice");
+    assert!(Document::from_json(&file.to_string()).is_err(), "of this build's own format, that is damage");
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//! The occurrence tree of a document: each component's child occurrences, gathered in one pass,
+//! and the walk of every placement from the root over them. Walking it costs the placements,
+//! where scanning every occurrence for each component visited cost placements times occurrences.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::{Document, IDENTITY, MAX_PLACEMENT_DEPTH, MAX_PLACEMENTS, Mat, Occurrence, mat_mul};
+
+/// Each component's child occurrences, in document order, as a document held them when made.
+pub(crate) struct OccurrenceTree<'a> {
+    children: HashMap<u64, Vec<&'a Occurrence>>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> OccurrenceTree<'a> {
+    pub(crate) fn new(doc: &'a Document) -> Self {
+        let mut children: HashMap<u64, Vec<&Occurrence>> = HashMap::new();
+        for o in &doc.occurrences {
+            children.entry(o.parent).or_default().push(o);
+        }
+        OccurrenceTree { children }
+    }
+
+    /// The occurrences placed in `component`, in document order.
+    pub(crate) fn children(&self, component: u64) -> &[&'a Occurrence] {
+        self.children.get(&component).map_or(&[], Vec::as_slice)
+    }
+
+    /// Every placement from the root: (component, occurrence path ids, world transform), with
+    /// each occurrence placed in its parent by `transform`. Depth first, children in document
+    /// order. A branch stops past [`MAX_PLACEMENT_DEPTH`] levels, the walk past [`MAX_PLACEMENTS`]
+    /// placements.
+    pub(crate) fn placements_with(&self, transform: impl Fn(&Occurrence) -> Mat) -> Vec<(u64, Vec<u64>, Mat)> {
+        let mut out = vec![(0, Vec::new(), IDENTITY)];
+        let mut stack: Vec<(u64, Vec<u64>, Mat)> = vec![(0, Vec::new(), IDENTITY)];
+        while let Some((comp, path, m)) = stack.pop() {
+            if out.len() > MAX_PLACEMENTS {
+                break;
+            }
+            // Only this branch stops past the depth limit; the others are still walked.
+            if path.len() > MAX_PLACEMENT_DEPTH {
+                continue;
+            }
+            for o in self.children(comp) {
+                let mut p = path.clone();
+                p.push(o.id);
+                let w = mat_mul(&m, &transform(o));
+                out.push((o.component, p.clone(), w));
+                stack.push((o.component, p, w));
+            }
+        }
+        out
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[path = "occurrence_tree_tests.rs"]
+mod tests;
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More