ops: offset surfaces, each face on its exact offset, joined where they meet (#3138 )

SolidCraft's Surface > Offset offsets each face as a sheet and assembles the records in the app before stitching (surface_offset.rs, surfaces::offset_faces). offset_surface copies each picked face out on its own (copy_faces_from, its attributes with it), offsets it with offset_sheet, copies the sheets into one body and stitches them at the caller's tolerance: neighbours meeting smoothly keep their shared edge, across a sharp edge they come apart, and faces that close make a solid. An offset that would fold is the kernel's refusal. history::recorded_into gives the new body's history against its source, so each face is the OffsetOf the face it came from. Tests (exact measures): a cube's top 5 up is area 100 at z = 15, the top's offset; two faces across a sharp edge come apart (2 faces, 8 edges); a zero distance copies (area 200); a cylinder side r 10 out 2 is area 2π·12·20 with its seam kept, and refused at -10.5; a ball r 10 out 2 closes into the ball of radius 12 (area 4π·144, volume 4π·1728/3), refused at -10. Fixes #3138. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
ops: the face at a point, and a pick grown across the edges where one surface continues (#3138 )
2026-11-11 03:01:58 +00:00 · 2026-11-10 15:50:17 -05:00 · 2026-11-10 15:48:13 -05:00 · 2026-11-10 15:24:19 -05:00
14 changed files with 1258 additions and 31 deletions
@@ -2,25 +2,25 @@
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 {"case":"static_shell_sheet_sidewalls","deferred":null,"error":null,"ints":{"doing_boolean":[0,0],"executive.present":[0],"executive_offset.present":[0],"foreign.after.present":[0],"foreign.before.present":[0],"input.pure":[0,1],"ownership":[1,3,1],"result.counts":[2,2,6,6,12,48,8],"result.edge_kinds":[2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2],"result.face_kinds":[1,1,2,2,2,2],"result.present":[1],"selected.after":[],"selected.before":[],"source.after.present":[0],"source.before.counts":[1,1,4,8,4],"source.before.evaluation_status":[1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000],"source.before.kinds":[1],"source.before.present":[1],"status":[1000]},"topology":null,"values":{"result.geometry":[1e-6,-1.0,0.9999999999999998,3.0,4.0,6.000000000000001,3.125],"source.before.geometry":{"blocks":[[35.000001,49.000001,601.500001]],"n":27}}}
 {"case":"static_shell_thicken_cylinder_sheet_in","deferred":null,"error":null,"ints":{"doing_boolean":[0,0],"executive.present":[0],"executive_offset.present":[0],"foreign.after.present":[0],"foreign.before.present":[0],"input.pure":[0,1],"ownership":[1,3,1],"result.counts":[2,2,4,4,8,32,4],"result.edge_kinds":[1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2],"result.face_kinds":[2,2,2,2],"result.present":[1],"selected.after":[],"selected.before":[],"source.after.present":[0],"source.before.counts":[1,3,2],"source.before.evaluation_status":[],"source.before.kinds":[2],"source.before.present":[1],"status":[1000]},"topology":null,"values":{"result.geometry":[1e-6,8.0,0.0,0.0,10.0,0.0,20.0],"source.before.geometry":[1e-6,10.0,0.0,0.0,10.0,0.0,20.0]}}
 {"case":"static_shell_thicken_cylinder_sheet_out","deferred":null,"error":null,"ints":{"doing_boolean":[0,0],"executive.present":[0],"executive_offset.present":[0],"foreign.after.present":[0],"foreign.before.present":[0],"input.pure":[0,1],"ownership":[1,3,1],"result.counts":[2,2,4,4,8,32,4],"result.edge_kinds":[1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2],"result.face_kinds":[2,2,2,2],"result.present":[1],"selected.after":[],"selected.before":[],"source.after.present":[0],"source.before.counts":[1,3,2],"source.before.evaluation_status":[],"source.before.kinds":[2],"source.before.present":[1],"status":[1000]},"topology":null,"values":{"result.geometry":[1e-6,10.0,0.0,0.0,12.0,0.0,20.0],"source.before.geometry":[1e-6,10.0,0.0,0.0,10.0,0.0,20.0]}}
 {"case":"static_shell_thicken_cylinder_sheet_small_in","deferred":null,"error":null,"ints":{"doing_boolean":[0,0],"executive.present":[0],"executive_offset.present":[0],"foreign.after.present":[0],"foreign.before.present":[0],"input.pure":[0,1],"ownership":[1,3,1],"result.counts":[2,2,4,4,8,32,4],"result.edge_kinds":[1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2],"result.face_kinds":[2,2,2,2],"result.present":[1],"selected.after":[],"selected.before":[],"source.after.present":[0],"source.before.counts":[1,3,2],"source.before.evaluation_status":[],"source.before.kinds":[2],"source.before.present":[1],"status":[1000]},"topology":null,"values":{"result.geometry":[1e-6,1.4,-1.0,2.0,1.5,-1.0,4.0],"source.before.geometry":[1e-6,1.5,-1.0,2.0,1.5,-1.0,4.0]}}
 {"case":"static_shell_thicken_cylinder_sheet_small_out","deferred":null,"error":null,"ints":{"doing_boolean":[0,0],"executive.present":[0],"executive_offset.present":[0],"foreign.after.present":[0],"foreign.before.present":[0],"input.pure":[0,1],"ownership":[1,3,1],"result.counts":[2,2,4,4,8,32,4],"result.edge_kinds":[1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2],"result.face_kinds":[2,2,2,2],"result.present":[1],"selected.after":[],"selected.before":[],"source.after.present":[0],"source.before.counts":[1,3,2],"source.before.evaluation_status":[],"source.before.kinds":[2],"source.before.present":[1],"status":[1000]},"topology":null,"values":{"result.geometry":[1e-6,1.5,-1.0,2.0,1.6,-1.0,4.0],"source.before.geometry":[1e-6,1.5,-1.0,2.0,1.5,-1.0,4.0]}}
-{"case":"static_shell_thicken_plane_sheet_attributed_in","deferred":null,"error":null,"ints":{"attributes":{"blocks":[[208243,6702139]],"n":52},"doing_boolean":[0,0],"executive.present":[0],"executive_offset.present":[0],"foreign.after.present":[0],"foreign.before.present":[0],"input.pure":[0,1],"ownership":[1,3,1],"result.counts":[2,2,6,6,12,48,8],"result.edge_kinds":[1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2],"result.face_kinds":[1,1,1,1,1,1],"result.present":[1],"selected.after":[],"selected.before":[],"source.after.present":[0],"source.before.counts":[1,1,4,8,4],"source.before.evaluation_status":[1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000],"source.before.kinds":[1],"source.before.present":[1],"status":[1000]},"topology":null,"values":{"result.geometry":[1e-6,0.0,0.0,-2.0,20.0,10.0,0.0],"source.before.geometry":{"blocks":[[108.000001,108.000001,1358.0000009999999]],"n":27}}}
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+{"case":"static_shell_thicken_plane_sheet_attributed_in","deferred":null,"error":null,"ints":{"attributes":{"blocks":[[208962,9774628]],"n":67},"doing_boolean":[0,0],"executive.present":[0],"executive_offset.present":[0],"foreign.after.present":[0],"foreign.before.present":[0],"input.pure":[0,1],"ownership":[1,3,1],"result.counts":[2,2,6,6,12,48,8],"result.edge_kinds":[1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2],"result.face_kinds":[1,1,1,1,1,1],"result.present":[1],"selected.after":[],"selected.before":[],"source.after.present":[0],"source.before.counts":[1,1,4,8,4],"source.before.evaluation_status":[1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000],"source.before.kinds":[1],"source.before.present":[1],"status":[1000]},"topology":null,"values":{"result.geometry":[1e-6,0.0,0.0,-2.0,20.0,10.0,0.0],"source.before.geometry":{"blocks":[[108.000001,108.000001,1358.0000009999999]],"n":27}}}
+{"case":"static_shell_thicken_plane_sheet_attributed_out","deferred":null,"error":null,"ints":{"attributes":{"blocks":[[208962,9774628]],"n":67},"doing_boolean":[0,0],"executive.present":[0],"executive_offset.present":[0],"foreign.after.present":[0],"foreign.before.present":[0],"input.pure":[0,1],"ownership":[1,3,1],"result.counts":[2,2,6,6,12,48,8],"result.edge_kinds":[1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2],"result.face_kinds":[1,1,1,1,1,1],"result.present":[1],"selected.after":[],"selected.before":[],"source.after.present":[0],"source.before.counts":[1,1,4,8,4],"source.before.evaluation_status":[1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000],"source.before.kinds":[1],"source.before.present":[1],"status":[1000]},"topology":null,"values":{"result.geometry":[1e-6,0.0,0.0,0.0,20.0,10.0,2.0],"source.before.geometry":{"blocks":[[108.000001,108.000001,1358.0000009999999]],"n":27}}}
 {"case":"static_shell_thicken_plane_sheet_attributed_out_nomerge","deferred":null,"error":null,"ints":{"attributes":{"blocks":[[208243,6702139]],"n":52},"doing_boolean":[0,0],"executive.present":[0],"executive_offset.present":[0],"foreign.after.present":[0],"foreign.before.present":[0],"input.pure":[0,1],"ownership":[1,3,1],"result.counts":[2,2,6,6,12,48,8],"result.edge_kinds":[2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2],"result.face_kinds":[1,1,2,2,2,2],"result.present":[1],"selected.after":[],"selected.before":[],"source.after.present":[0],"source.before.counts":[1,1,4,8,4],"source.before.evaluation_status":[1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000],"source.before.kinds":[1],"source.before.present":[1],"status":[1000]},"topology":null,"values":{"result.geometry":[1e-6,0.0,0.0,0.0,20.0,10.0,2.0],"source.before.geometry":{"blocks":[[108.000001,108.000001,1358.0000009999999]],"n":27}}}
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+{"case":"static_shell_thicken_plane_sheet_attributed_small_out","deferred":null,"error":null,"ints":{"attributes":{"blocks":[[208962,9774628]],"n":67},"doing_boolean":[0,0],"executive.present":[0],"executive_offset.present":[0],"foreign.after.present":[0],"foreign.before.present":[0],"input.pure":[0,1],"ownership":[1,3,1],"result.counts":[2,2,6,6,12,48,8],"result.edge_kinds":[1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2],"result.face_kinds":[1,1,1,1,1,1],"result.present":[1],"selected.after":[],"selected.before":[],"source.after.present":[0],"source.before.counts":[1,1,4,8,4],"source.before.evaluation_status":[1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000],"source.before.kinds":[1],"source.before.present":[1],"status":[1000]},"topology":null,"values":{"result.geometry":[1e-6,0.0,0.0,0.0,20.0,10.0,0.25],"source.before.geometry":{"blocks":[[108.000001,108.000001,1358.0000009999999]],"n":27}}}
 {"case":"static_shell_wire_manifold_query_before_distance","deferred":null,"error":null,"ints":{"doing_boolean":[0,0],"executive.present":[0],"executive_offset.present":[0],"foreign.after.present":[0],"foreign.before.present":[0],"input.pure":[1,1],"ownership":[0,1,0],"result.present":[0],"selected.after":[],"selected.before":[],"source.after.counts":[0,0,1,2,2],"source.after.evaluation_status":[1000,1000],"source.after.kinds":[1],"source.after.present":[1],"source.before.counts":[0,0,1,2,2],"source.before.evaluation_status":[1000,1000],"source.before.kinds":[1],"source.before.present":[1],"status":[1007]},"topology":null,"values":{"source.after.geometry":{"blocks":[[22.000001,22.000001,251.750001]],"n":17},"source.before.geometry":{"blocks":[[22.000001,22.000001,251.750001]],"n":17}}}
 {"case":"tiny_tolerance_sheet_above_boundary","deferred":null,"error":null,"ints":{"doing_boolean":[0,0],"executive.present":[0],"executive_offset.present":[0],"foreign.after.present":[0],"foreign.before.present":[0],"input.pure":[1,1],"ownership":[0,1,0],"result.present":[0],"selected.after":[],"selected.before":[],"source.after.counts":[1,1,4,8,4],"source.after.evaluation_status":[1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000],"source.after.kinds":[1],"source.after.present":[1],"source.before.counts":[1,1,4,8,4],"source.before.evaluation_status":[1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000],"source.before.kinds":[1],"source.before.present":[1],"status":[1007]},"topology":null,"values":{"source.after.geometry":{"blocks":[[13.014999999999999,13.014999999999999,129.303]],"n":27},"source.before.geometry":{"blocks":[[13.014999999999999,13.014999999999999,129.303]],"n":27}}}
 {"case":"tiny_tolerance_sheet_below_boundary","deferred":null,"error":null,"ints":{"doing_boolean":[0,0],"executive.present":[0],"executive_offset.present":[0],"foreign.after.present":[0],"foreign.before.present":[0],"input.pure":[1,1],"ownership":[0,1,0],"result.present":[0],"selected.after":[],"selected.before":[],"source.after.counts":[1,1,4,8,4],"source.after.evaluation_status":[1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000],"source.after.kinds":[1],"source.after.present":[1],"source.before.counts":[1,1,4,8,4],"source.before.evaluation_status":[1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000],"source.before.kinds":[1],"source.before.present":[1],"status":[1007]},"topology":null,"values":{"source.after.geometry":{"blocks":[[13.014999999999999,13.014999999999999,129.303]],"n":27},"source.before.geometry":{"blocks":[[13.014999999999999,13.014999999999999,129.303]],"n":27}}}
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+//! Where each face and edge of an operation's result came from, relative to its operand, in
+//! the records' order: the identity the kernel carries through its edits, read for one call.
+//!
+//! Before the call every face and edge of the operand is tagged with its record index (an ops
+//! attribute, [`ids::OPS_HISTORY`], which the kernel's splits, merges and copies carry as they
+//! carry an application's [`crate::provenance`] data). After it, each result face and edge is
+//! read for the tags it carries, and each face for how an offset made it
+//! ([`ids::OFFSET_ROLE`]: the offset executive's own relation of the face to what it was made
+//! from). Both are removed before the call returns. Nothing is measured or sampled: a face is
+//! an offset copy because the kernel made it as one, never because of where it lies.
+//!
+//! Built for the offset family ([`Made::Offset`], [`Made::Local`]) and usable as it is for any
+//! call that edits one body in place ([`Made::Plain`]).
+
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
+
+use solidcore::geom::attribute::{ids, Attribute, Behavior};
+use solidcore::topology::face;
+use solidcore::{Brep, EntityRef};
+
+use crate::body::Body;
+use crate::error::status;
+use crate::provenance::{self, Carried, Provenance};
+use crate::{Order, Result};
+
+/// The operand faces or edges (record indices) an entity came from: the ops tag.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+struct Operand(Vec<usize>);
+
+impl Operand {
+    fn joined(&self, other: &Self) -> Self {
+        let mut v = self.0.clone();
+        v.extend(&other.0);
+        v.sort_unstable();
+        v.dedup();
+        Operand(v)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Provenance for Operand {
+    // ops' own id, below the applications' (`ids::USER_1`): it never goes through
+    // `provenance::attach`, whose check is for application data.
+    const ID: u64 = ids::OPS_HISTORY;
+    fn split(&self, child: Option<&Self>) -> Option<Self> {
+        Some(child.map_or_else(|| self.clone(), |c| self.joined(c)))
+    }
+    fn merge(&self, result: Option<&Self>) -> Option<Self> {
+        Some(result.map_or_else(|| self.clone(), |r| self.joined(r)))
+    }
+    fn coincident(&self, onto: Option<&Self>) -> Option<Self> {
+        Some(onto.map_or_else(|| self.clone(), |o| self.joined(o)))
+    }
+}
+
+/// How the call made its faces, which says how the offset roles are read.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Made<'a> {
+    /// A shell, a thickened sheet or a sheet's offset: a face the offset made as a copy of
+    /// an operand face is its offset ([`FaceOrigin::OffsetOf`]), one it made along an
+    /// operand edge stands in that edge's place ([`FaceOrigin::AlongEdge`]).
+    Offset,
+    /// A local operation (faces moved, drafted): every face is rebuilt as a copy of its own,
+    /// so the roles say nothing; the operand faces `moved` (record indices) are
+    /// [`Change::Modified`].
+    Local {
+        /// The faces the call moves.
+        moved: &'a [usize],
+    },
+    /// Any other edit of one body: tags only.
+    Plain,
+}
+
+/// Where a result face came from (operand record indices).
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub enum FaceOrigin {
+    /// It lies on operand face `0` (kept, split from it, merged from it, or moved as it).
+    Face(usize),
+    /// It is the offset of operand face `0`.
+    OffsetOf(usize),
+    /// It was made along operand edge `0` (a thickened sheet's wall).
+    AlongEdge(usize),
+}
+
+/// What became of a result face.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Change {
+    /// The one face of its operand face.
+    Kept,
+    /// Its operand face, moved ([`Made::Local`]).
+    Modified,
+    /// One of several faces of one operand face.
+    Split,
+    /// One face of several operand faces.
+    Merged,
+    /// Made by the call: an offset copy, a wall along an edge, a face at a vertex (with no
+    /// origin), or a face no operand face carries over (with no origin).
+    Generated,
+}
+
+/// One result face's history.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct FaceHistory {
+    /// What became of it.
+    pub change: Change,
+    /// Where it came from, sorted; empty for a face made from nothing the operand names.
+    pub origins: Vec<FaceOrigin>,
+}
+
+/// A result's history, in its record's order ([`Body::to_record`] after the call).
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct History {
+    /// Each result face's.
+    pub faces: Vec<FaceHistory>,
+    /// Each result edge's operand edges (record indices), sorted; empty for an edge the call
+    /// made (where faces it made meet).
+    pub edges: Vec<Vec<usize>>,
+}
+
+/// `op`, an edit of `body` in place, run with `body`'s faces and edges tagged by their record
+/// indices (`order`: the operand's record order), and the result's [`History`]. The tags and
+/// the offset roles are removed before this returns, whether `op` succeeds or not.
+///
+/// # Errors
+/// `op`'s error; the kernel's, from the tags (an `order` that names entities the body does not
+/// have) or the result's record.
+pub fn recorded(
+    body: &Body,
+    order: &Order,
+    made: Made<'_>,
+    op: impl FnOnce() -> Result<()>,
+) -> Result<History> {
+    tag(body, order)?;
+    let done = op().and_then(|()| {
+        let (_, out) = body.to_record()?;
+        read(&body.lock(), &out, made)
+    });
+    let cleared = clear(&mut body.lock());
+    let history = done?;
+    cleared?;
+    Ok(history)
+}
+
+/// `op`, a call that makes a new body from `body` (and leaves `body` as it was, such as
+/// [`crate::offset_surface`]), run with `body`'s faces and edges tagged by their record indices
+/// (`order`), and the new body with its [`History`] relative to `body`, in the new body's record
+/// order. The tags and the offset roles are removed from both bodies before this returns,
+/// whether `op` succeeds or not.
+///
+/// # Errors
+/// `op`'s error; the kernel's, from the tags or the new body's record.
+pub fn recorded_into(
+    body: &Body,
+    order: &Order,
+    made: Made<'_>,
+    op: impl FnOnce() -> Result<Body>,
+) -> Result<(Body, History)> {
+    tag(body, order)?;
+    let done = op().and_then(|new| {
+        let (_, out) = new.to_record()?;
+        let history = read(&new.lock(), &out, made);
+        let cleared = clear(&mut new.lock());
+        let history = history?;
+        cleared?;
+        Ok((new, history))
+    });
+    let cleared = clear(&mut body.lock());
+    let result = done?;
+    cleared?;
+    Ok(result)
+}
+
+/// Every face and edge of `order` tagged with its index, after every ops tag the body carried
+/// is gone.
+fn tag(body: &Body, order: &Order) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut b = body.lock();
+    clear(&mut b)?;
+    let faces = order.faces.iter().map(|&f| EntityRef::Face(f)).enumerate();
+    let edges = order.edges.iter().map(|&e| EntityRef::Edge(e)).enumerate();
+    for (i, e) in faces.chain(edges) {
+        b.add_attribute(
+            e,
+            Attribute::application(ids::OPS_HISTORY, Behavior::Copy, Carried(Operand(vec![i]))),
+        )
+        .map_err(status)?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Every ops tag and offset role on `b`'s faces and edges removed.
+fn clear(b: &mut Brep) -> Result<()> {
+    let entities: Vec<EntityRef> = b
+        .face_list()
+        .iter()
+        .map(|&f| EntityRef::Face(f))
+        .chain(b.edge_list().iter().map(|&e| EntityRef::Edge(e)))
+        .collect();
+    for e in entities {
+        let marks: Vec<_> = b
+            .entity_attributes(e)
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter(|(_, a)| matches!(a.attribute_id(), ids::OPS_HISTORY | ids::OFFSET_ROLE))
+            .map(|(h, _)| h)
+            .collect();
+        for h in marks {
+            b.remove_attribute(e, h).map_err(status)?;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// The operand indices `e` carries.
+fn tags(b: &Brep, e: EntityRef) -> Vec<usize> {
+    provenance::read::<Operand>(b, e).map_or_else(Vec::new, |o| o.0)
+}
+
+/// The offset role face `e` carries, if any.
+fn role(b: &Brep, e: EntityRef) -> Option<i64> {
+    b.entity_attributes(e)
+        .into_iter()
+        .find(|(_, a)| a.attribute_id() == ids::OFFSET_ROLE)
+        .and_then(|(_, a)| a.long_value())
+}
+
+/// The result's history, read off its tags and roles (`out`: the result's record order).
+fn read(b: &Brep, out: &Order, made: Made<'_>) -> Result<History> {
+    let roles = matches!(made, Made::Offset);
+    // each face's tags and role; how many result faces without a role carry each tag
+    let mut faces: Vec<(Vec<usize>, Option<i64>)> = Vec::new();
+    let mut on: BTreeMap<usize, usize> = BTreeMap::new();
+    for &f in &out.faces {
+        let e = EntityRef::Face(f);
+        let role = if roles { role(b, e) } else { None };
+        let t = tags(b, e);
+        if role.is_none() {
+            for &i in &t {
+                *on.entry(i).or_default() += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        faces.push((t, role));
+    }
+    let mut history = Vec::new();
+    for (&f, (t, role)) in out.faces.iter().zip(&faces) {
+        history.push(match *role {
+            Some(ids::OFFSET_ROLE_COPY) => FaceHistory {
+                change: Change::Generated,
+                origins: t.iter().map(|&i| FaceOrigin::OffsetOf(i)).collect(),
+            },
+            Some(ids::OFFSET_ROLE_EDGE) => FaceHistory {
+                change: Change::Generated,
+                origins: along(b, f)?,
+            },
+            Some(_) => FaceHistory {
+                change: Change::Generated,
+                origins: Vec::new(),
+            },
+            None => FaceHistory {
+                change: change(t, &on, made),
+                origins: t.iter().map(|&i| FaceOrigin::Face(i)).collect(),
+            },
+        });
+    }
+    let edges = out
+        .edges
+        .iter()
+        .map(|&e| tags(b, EntityRef::Edge(e)))
+        .collect();
+    Ok(History {
+        faces: history,
+        edges,
+    })
+}
+
+/// What became of a face that lies on its operand faces `t`.
+fn change(t: &[usize], on: &BTreeMap<usize, usize>, made: Made<'_>) -> Change {
+    match t {
+        [] => Change::Generated,
+        [i] if on.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0) > 1 => Change::Split,
+        [i] => match made {
+            Made::Local { moved } if moved.contains(i) => Change::Modified,
+            _ => Change::Kept,
+        },
+        _ => Change::Merged,
+    }
+}
+
+/// The operand edge a face made along an edge stands on: the one operand edge its edges carry
+/// (a thickened sheet's wall: that edge and its copy), or none where they carry none or
+/// several.
+fn along(b: &Brep, f: solidcore::topology::FaceId) -> Result<Vec<FaceOrigin>> {
+    let mut found: BTreeSet<usize> = BTreeSet::new();
+    for e in face::edges(b, f, None, false, None).map_err(status)? {
+        found.extend(tags(b, EntityRef::Edge(e)));
+    }
+    Ok(match found.iter().copied().collect::<Vec<_>>()[..] {
+        [e] => vec![FaceOrigin::AlongEdge(e)],
+        _ => Vec::new(),
+    })
+}
@@ -39,11 +39,13 @@ pub mod continuity;
 pub mod error;
 pub mod extend;
 pub mod file;
+pub mod history;
 pub mod label;
 pub mod measure;
 pub mod offset;
 pub mod order;
 pub mod pcurve;
+pub mod pick;
 pub mod prism;
 pub mod provenance;
 pub mod record_check;
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ pub use measure::{
    point_distance, Distance, EdgePoint, FaceCentroid, GapSample, MassPropertiesEstimate, Normal,
    PointClass,
 };
-pub use offset::{draft, offset_faces, offset_sheet, shell, thicken};
+pub use offset::{draft, offset_faces, offset_sheet, offset_surface, shell, thicken};
 pub use order::Order;
 pub use step_assembly::{placed_bodies, PlacedBody};

@@ -419,5 +419,8 @@ pub fn draft(
    })?
 }

+mod surface;
+pub use surface::offset_surface;
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+//! Offset surfaces: faces of a body copied out at a signed distance along their normals, as a
+//! new body. Each face goes onto its surface's offset on its own, the kernel's offset of the face
+//! as a sheet ([`super::offset_sheet`]); the offsets are then joined and stitched where they meet
+//! within the caller's tolerance, so neighbours moved to the same place along their shared edge
+//! (meeting smoothly) keep sharing it, and across a sharp edge they come apart. Faces that close
+//! up make a solid. An offset the kernel cannot make (one that would fold a face over) is its
+//! refusal, never a fitted surface. Ops sequences: every face, offset and stitch is the
+//! kernel's.
+
+use solidcore::geom::tol::USE_DEFAULT;
+use solidcore::topology::brep::p2::{copy_source_ref, CopyNotifyState};
+use solidcore::topology::brep::p3::{brep_copy_mapped, new_brep};
+use solidcore::topology::brep::p7::copy_faces_from;
+use solidcore::topology::loopuse::notify_ref;
+use solidcore::topology::{Brep, FaceId};
+use solidcore::EntityRef;
+
+use super::{offset_sheet, MAX_DISTANCE};
+use crate::body::Body;
+use crate::error::status;
+use crate::order::{self, Order};
+use crate::session::run_on;
+use crate::split::copies_of;
+use crate::stitch::stitch;
+use crate::{Error, Result};
+
+/// Record faces `faces` of `body` (through `order`, each once) offset by `distance` along their
+/// outward normals (negative: against them) into one new body, joined where their offsets'
+/// edges lie within `tolerance` of each other; with whether the result closes into a solid
+/// ([`stitch`]'s). A distance of zero copies the faces. `body` is unchanged; the faces and edges
+/// of the result carry what their sources carry (an application's provenance,
+/// [`crate::history::recorded_into`]).
+///
+/// # Errors
+/// [`Error::Argument`] for no face, an index past the faces or repeated, a distance not finite
+/// or past [`MAX_DISTANCE`], a tolerance not finite and positive; the kernel's refusals (an
+/// offset that would fold a face, [`Error::Empty`] for one that leaves nothing); those of
+/// [`stitch`].
+pub fn offset_surface(
+    body: &Body,
+    order: &Order,
+    faces: &[usize],
+    distance: f64,
+    tolerance: f64,
+) -> Result<(Body, bool)> {
+    if faces.is_empty()
+        || !(distance.is_finite() && distance.abs() <= MAX_DISTANCE)
+        || !(tolerance.is_finite() && tolerance > 0.0)
+    {
+        return Err(Error::Argument);
+    }
+    let mut picked: Vec<FaceId> = Vec::new();
+    for &i in faces {
+        let f = order::face(order, i)?;
+        if picked.contains(&f) {
+            return Err(Error::Argument);
+        }
+        picked.push(f);
+    }
+    let mut sheets = Vec::new();
+    for f in picked {
+        let sheet = face_sheet(body, f)?;
+        if distance != 0.0 {
+            offset_sheet(&sheet, distance)?;
+        }
+        sheets.push(sheet);
+    }
+    stitch(joined(&sheets)?, tolerance)
+}
+
+/// Face `f` of `body` copied out as a sheet of its own, with what it and its edges carry.
+fn face_sheet(body: &Body, f: FaceId) -> Result<Body> {
+    run_on("offset_surface", &[("brep", body)], |k| {
+        let (mut whole, src) = {
+            let g = body.lock();
+            if !g.face_list().contains(&f) {
+                return Ok(Err(Error::Argument));
+            }
+            let (whole, map) = brep_copy_mapped(k, &g)?;
+            let face = |e| match e {
+                EntityRef::Face(x) => Some(x),
+                _ => None,
+            };
+            let Some([src]) = copies_of(&map, &[f], EntityRef::Face, face)
+                .and_then(|v| <[FaceId; 1]>::try_from(v).ok())
+            else {
+                return Ok(Err(Error::Argument));
+            };
+            (whole, src)
+        };
+        let mut w = new_brep(k, USE_DEFAULT, USE_DEFAULT)?;
+        w.set_tolerance(whole.tolerance());
+        match copied_into(k, &mut whole, &[src], &mut w) {
+            Ok(1) => {}
+            Ok(_) => return Ok(Err(Error::Empty)),
+            Err(e) => return Ok(Err(status(e))),
+        }
+        Ok(Ok(Body::new(w)))
+    })?
+}
+
+/// The faces of `sheets` copied into one body, each sheet's topology kept.
+fn joined(sheets: &[Body]) -> Result<Body> {
+    let inputs: Vec<(&'static str, &Body)> = sheets.iter().map(|s| ("sheet", s)).collect();
+    run_on("offset_surface", &inputs, |k| {
+        let mut dest = new_brep(k, USE_DEFAULT, USE_DEFAULT)?;
+        for s in sheets {
+            let mut g = s.lock();
+            let faces = g.face_list().to_vec();
+            if let Err(e) = copied_into(k, &mut g, &faces, &mut dest) {
+                return Ok(Err(status(e)));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(Ok(Body::new(dest)))
+    })?
+}
+
+/// `faces` of `src` copied into `dest` through the merge, with both bodies' attributes in the
+/// copy's notifications so each copy carries what its source carries; how many faces it made.
+fn copied_into(
+    k: &mut solidcore::Kernel,
+    src: &mut Brep,
+    faces: &[FaceId],
+    dest: &mut Brep,
+) -> solidcore::Result<usize> {
+    let mut state = CopyNotifyState::with_attributes_of(src, dest)?;
+    let this_face = |x: FaceId| notify_ref(EntityRef::Face(x));
+    let copied = copy_faces_from(
+        k,
+        src,
+        faces,
+        dest,
+        true,
+        &copy_source_ref,
+        &this_face,
+        &mut state.env(None),
+    );
+    state.restore_attributes(src, dest)?;
+    let (made, _) = copied?;
+    dest.refresh_cached_topology();
+    Ok(made.len())
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+//! Picks on a body: the face a point lies on, and the faces a pick grows to across the edges
+//! where the kernel proves the faces on both sides continue one surface (a hole's wall stored
+//! in pieces opens whole). Every decision is the kernel's: the point classification
+//! (`SmBrep::Point3DClassify`) and [`solidcore::query::faces_continue`]. Ops chooses and
+//! sequences.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+use solidcore::error::EntityRef;
+use solidcore::intersect::point_class::PointClassType;
+use solidcore::query::brep::BrepClassifier;
+use solidcore::query::faces_continue::{faces_continue, Continues};
+use solidcore::topology::{edge, face, EdgeId, FaceId};
+use solidcore::Point3;
+
+use crate::body::Body;
+use crate::order::{self, Order};
+use crate::session::{with_body, Answer};
+use crate::{Error, Result};
+
+impl Answer for Vec<FaceId> {}
+
+impl Body {
+    /// The record face (through `order`) point `p` lies on, within `reach` of it, or `None`:
+    /// the kernel's classification of the point against the body at that tolerance
+    /// (`SmBrep::Point3DClassify`, with boundary intersections). A point the kernel puts on an
+    /// edge or a vertex is on more than one face and picks none; so does a point off the body or
+    /// one the kernel does not classify. Never a face guessed by nearness.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    /// [`Error::Argument`] for a coordinate or a reach that is not finite and positive; the
+    /// kernel's status (its classification may add trim curves to the body).
+    pub fn face_at(&self, order: &Order, p: [f64; 3], reach: f64) -> Result<Option<usize>> {
+        if !(p.iter().all(|x| x.is_finite()) && reach.is_finite() && reach > 0.0) {
+            return Err(Error::Argument);
+        }
+        let point = Point3::new(p[0], p[1], p[2]);
+        let found = with_body("face_at", self, |k, b| {
+            let mut classifier = BrepClassifier::of_brep(b);
+            let pc = match classifier.point_3d_classify(k, point, reach, true) {
+                Ok(pc) => pc,
+                Err(e) if e.sm_status().is_some() => return Ok(None),
+                Err(e) => return Err(e),
+            };
+            Ok(match (pc.point_class(), pc.object()) {
+                (PointClassType::Face, Some(EntityRef::Face(f))) => Some(f),
+                _ => None,
+            })
+        })?;
+        Ok(found.and_then(|f| order.faces.iter().position(|&x| x == f)))
+    }
+
+    /// Record faces `faces` (through `order`) and every face joined to them, across an edge not
+    /// in `keep_edges` (record edge indices: the edges that stay apart, such as a split face's
+    /// line), where the kernel proves the two faces continue one surface with the same outward
+    /// side ([`faces_continue`]). An edge the kernel leaves undecided is not crossed. The picks
+    /// first, in their order, then each face as it is reached.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    /// [`Error::Argument`] for an index past the faces or the edges; the kernel's (a side it is
+    /// unsure is material, a dangling id).
+    pub fn faces_on_one_surface(
+        &self,
+        order: &Order,
+        faces: &[usize],
+        keep_edges: &[usize],
+    ) -> Result<Vec<usize>> {
+        let seeds: Vec<FaceId> = faces
+            .iter()
+            .map(|&i| order::face(order, i))
+            .collect::<Result<_>>()?;
+        let keep: Vec<EdgeId> = keep_edges
+            .iter()
+            .map(|&i| order::edge(order, i))
+            .collect::<Result<_>>()?;
+        let index: BTreeMap<FaceId, usize> = order
+            .faces
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(i, &f)| (f, i))
+            .collect();
+        let grown = with_body("faces_on_one_surface", self, |_, b| {
+            let mut out: Vec<FaceId> = Vec::new();
+            for f in seeds {
+                if !out.contains(&f) {
+                    out.push(f);
+                }
+            }
+            let mut next = 0;
+            while let Some(&f) = out.get(next) {
+                next += 1;
+                for e in face::edges(b, f, None, false, None)? {
+                    if keep.contains(&e) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    for g in edge::faces(b, e, None)? {
+                        if g != f
+                            && !out.contains(&g)
+                            && faces_continue(b, f, g, e)? == Continues::Proved
+                        {
+                            out.push(g);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(out)
+        })?;
+        grown
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|f| index.get(&f).copied().ok_or(Error::Argument))
+            .collect()
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+//! History of the offset family (tangency-labs/solidcore#3138): a face the offset made as a
+//! copy is that face's offset because the kernel says so, never by where it lies; a wall
+//! made along a sheet's edge stands on that edge; a moved face is modified.
+#![allow(
+    clippy::unwrap_used,
+    clippy::indexing_slicing,
+    clippy::disallowed_methods // the closed form's oracle, not ops geometry
+)]
+
+use std::f64::consts::PI;
+
+use solidcore_ops::boolean::boolean;
+use solidcore_ops::history::{recorded, Change, FaceOrigin, History, Made};
+use solidcore_ops::sweep::{planar_faces, Curve};
+use solidcore_ops::{
+    make_box, make_cylinder, offset_faces, offset_sheet, session, shell, thicken, Body, BooleanOp,
+    Order,
+};
+
+fn all_fixes() {
+    session::set_thread_fixes(solidcore::kernel::UpstreamFixes::NAMES.iter().copied()).unwrap();
+}
+
+fn near(a: f64, b: f64, tol: f64) -> bool {
+    (a - b).abs() <= tol * b.abs().max(1.0)
+}
+
+/// The record face whose centroid is `at`.
+fn face_at(b: &Body, o: &Order, at: [f64; 3]) -> usize {
+    (0..o.faces.len())
+        .find(|&f| {
+            let c = b.face_centroid(o, f, 1e-8).unwrap().centroid;
+            c.iter().zip(at).all(|(x, y)| (x - y).abs() < 1e-9)
+        })
+        .unwrap()
+}
+
+fn origins(h: &History, change: Change) -> Vec<FaceOrigin> {
+    let mut v: Vec<FaceOrigin> = h
+        .faces
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|f| f.change == change)
+        .flat_map(|f| f.origins.iter().copied())
+        .collect();
+    v.sort_unstable();
+    v
+}
+
+/// A 10 cube shelled 1 inward, open at its top: volume 1000 − 8·8·9 = 424. The five inner
+/// walls are the offsets of the five faces left closed, which are kept; the top is kept as its
+/// rim; every edge of the cube is carried somewhere.
+#[test]
+fn a_shelled_box_s_inner_walls_are_its_faces_offsets() {
+    all_fixes();
+    let b = make_box([0.0; 3], [10.0; 3]).unwrap();
+    let (_, o) = b.to_record().unwrap();
+    let top = face_at(&b, &o, [5.0, 5.0, 10.0]);
+    let h = recorded(&b, &o, Made::Offset, || shell(&b, &o, &[top], -1.0)).unwrap();
+    assert!(near(b.volume(1e-8).unwrap(), 424.0, 1e-9));
+    assert_eq!(h.faces.len(), 11);
+    let closed: Vec<usize> = (0..6).filter(|&f| f != top).collect();
+    let offsets: Vec<FaceOrigin> = closed.iter().map(|&f| FaceOrigin::OffsetOf(f)).collect();
+    assert_eq!(origins(&h, Change::Generated), offsets, "{h:?}");
+    let kept: Vec<FaceOrigin> = (0..6).map(FaceOrigin::Face).collect();
+    assert_eq!(origins(&h, Change::Kept), kept, "{h:?}");
+    let mut carried: Vec<usize> = h.edges.iter().flatten().copied().collect();
+    carried.sort_unstable();
+    carried.dedup();
+    assert_eq!(carried, (0..12).collect::<Vec<_>>(), "{h:?}");
+    // the tags and roles are gone: read again as an offset, nothing is an offset copy
+    let (_, o2) = b.to_record().unwrap();
+    let again = recorded(&b, &o2, Made::Offset, || Ok(())).unwrap();
+    assert!(
+        again.faces.iter().all(|f| f.change == Change::Kept),
+        "{again:?}"
+    );
+}
+
+/// A 10 × 10 square sheet thickened 1: volume 100. The sheet stays, its copy is its offset,
+/// and each of the four walls stands on its own edge of the square.
+#[test]
+fn a_thickened_sheet_s_walls_stand_on_its_edges() {
+    all_fixes();
+    let p = [
+        [0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+        [10.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+        [10.0, 10.0, 0.0],
+        [0.0, 10.0, 0.0],
+    ];
+    let sides: Vec<Curve> = (0..4)
+        .map(|i| Curve::Line {
+            start: p[i],
+            end: p[(i + 1) % 4],
+        })
+        .collect();
+    let s = planar_faces(&sides).unwrap();
+    let (_, o) = s.to_record().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((o.faces.len(), o.edges.len()), (1, 4));
+    let h = recorded(&s, &o, Made::Offset, || thicken(&s, 1.0, false)).unwrap();
+    assert!(near(s.volume(1e-8).unwrap(), 100.0, 1e-9));
+    assert_eq!(
+        origins(&h, Change::Kept),
+        vec![FaceOrigin::Face(0)],
+        "{h:?}"
+    );
+    let made = origins(&h, Change::Generated);
+    let mut want = vec![FaceOrigin::OffsetOf(0)];
+    want.extend((0..4).map(FaceOrigin::AlongEdge));
+    want.sort_unstable();
+    assert_eq!(made, want, "{h:?}");
+}
+
+/// A 10 cube's top moved up 2: volume 1200; the top is modified, the other five kept.
+#[test]
+fn a_moved_face_is_modified() {
+    all_fixes();
+    let b = make_box([0.0; 3], [10.0; 3]).unwrap();
+    let (_, o) = b.to_record().unwrap();
+    let top = face_at(&b, &o, [5.0, 5.0, 10.0]);
+    let h = recorded(&b, &o, Made::Local { moved: &[top] }, || {
+        offset_faces(&b, &o, &[top], 2.0)
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    assert!(near(b.volume(1e-8).unwrap(), 1200.0, 1e-9));
+    assert_eq!(
+        origins(&h, Change::Modified),
+        vec![FaceOrigin::Face(top)],
+        "{h:?}"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(origins(&h, Change::Kept).len(), 5, "{h:?}");
+}
+
+/// #865's plate (30 × 20 × 6 less an r 1.5 hole 1 from its front) offset 1.5 inward: the
+/// hole's offset (r 3) crosses the front's, so the kernel rebuilds the top and bottom offsets
+/// whose loops cross and relates the rebuilt faces in place of the old ones. The volume is
+/// (27 · 17 − (πr² − segment)) · 3. Every face is an offset copy, the rebuilt top's of the top
+/// too: the roles are read where the relations are final.
+#[test]
+fn an_offset_whose_loops_cross_keeps_the_rebuilt_faces_roles() {
+    all_fixes();
+    let plate = make_box([0.0; 3], [30.0, 20.0, 6.0]).unwrap();
+    let hole = make_cylinder([15.0, 2.5, -1.0], 1.5, 8.0).unwrap();
+    let b = boolean(plate, hole, BooleanOp::Subtract).unwrap().unwrap();
+    let (_, o) = b.to_record().unwrap();
+    let top = face_at_z(&b, &o, 6.0);
+    let h = recorded(&b, &o, Made::Offset, || offset_sheet(&b, -1.5)).unwrap();
+    let (t, r) = (1.5_f64, 3.0_f64);
+    let d = 2.5 - t;
+    let segment = r * r * (d / r).acos() - d * (r * r - d * d).sqrt();
+    let want = (27.0 * 17.0 - (PI * r * r - segment)) * 3.0;
+    assert!(near(b.volume(1e-8).unwrap(), want, 1e-6), "{}", want);
+    assert!(
+        h.faces.iter().all(|f| f.change == Change::Generated
+            && !f.origins.is_empty()
+            && f.origins
+                .iter()
+                .all(|o| matches!(o, FaceOrigin::OffsetOf(_)))),
+        "{h:?}"
+    );
+    let (_, after) = b.to_record().unwrap();
+    let new_top = face_at_z(&b, &after, 4.5);
+    assert_eq!(
+        h.faces[new_top].origins,
+        vec![FaceOrigin::OffsetOf(top)],
+        "{h:?}"
+    );
+}
+
+/// The one planar face at height `z` facing +z.
+fn face_at_z(b: &Body, o: &Order, z: f64) -> usize {
+    (0..o.faces.len())
+        .find(|&f| {
+            b.face_plane_normal(o, f)
+                .unwrap()
+                .is_some_and(|n| n.value[2] > 0.5)
+                && (b.face_centroid(o, f, 1e-8).unwrap().centroid[2] - z).abs() < 1e-9
+        })
+        .unwrap()
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+//! Offset surfaces (tangency-labs/solidcore#3138): faces copied out at a distance, each on its
+//! surface's exact offset, joined where they meet; the cases of SolidCraft's
+//! `surface_offset.rs`, on closed forms measured on the exact B-rep.
+#![allow(
+    clippy::unwrap_used,
+    clippy::disallowed_methods // the closed forms' oracle, not ops geometry
+)]
+
+use std::f64::consts::PI;
+
+use solidcore_ops::history::{recorded_into, Change, FaceOrigin, Made};
+use solidcore_ops::{make_box, make_cylinder, make_sphere, offset_surface, session, Body, Order};
+
+fn all_fixes() {
+    session::set_thread_fixes(solidcore::kernel::UpstreamFixes::NAMES.iter().copied()).unwrap();
+}
+
+fn rel(a: f64, b: f64) -> f64 {
+    (a - b).abs() / b.abs().max(1e-9)
+}
+
+fn face_at(b: &Body, o: &Order, p: [f64; 3]) -> usize {
+    b.face_at(o, p, 1e-6).unwrap().unwrap()
+}
+
+fn edges(b: &Body) -> usize {
+    b.to_record().unwrap().1.edges.len()
+}
+
+/// Planes move exactly: a 10 cube's top 5 up is a 10 × 10 square at z = 15, the offset of the
+/// top. Two faces across a sharp edge come apart (8 edges, none shared); a zero distance copies.
+#[test]
+fn planes_move_and_sharp_edges_come_apart() {
+    all_fixes();
+    let b = make_box([0.0; 3], [10.0; 3]).unwrap();
+    let (_, o) = b.to_record().unwrap();
+    let top = face_at(&b, &o, [5.0, 5.0, 10.0]);
+    let (up, h) = recorded_into(&b, &o, Made::Offset, || {
+        offset_surface(&b, &o, &[top], 5.0, 0.01).map(|(r, _)| r)
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    assert!(rel(up.area(1e-8).unwrap(), 100.0) < 1e-9);
+    let (lo, hi) = up.bounds().unwrap();
+    assert!(
+        (lo[2] - 15.0).abs() < 1e-9 && (hi[2] - 15.0).abs() < 1e-9,
+        "{lo:?} {hi:?}"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(h.faces.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(h.faces[0].change, Change::Generated);
+    assert_eq!(h.faces[0].origins, vec![FaceOrigin::OffsetOf(top)]);
+    let side = face_at(&b, &o, [5.0, 0.0, 5.0]);
+    let (two, closed) = offset_surface(&b, &o, &[top, side], 1.0, 0.01).unwrap();
+    assert!(!closed);
+    assert_eq!(
+        (two.to_record().unwrap().1.faces.len(), edges(&two)),
+        (2, 8)
+    );
+    let (copy, _) = offset_surface(&b, &o, &[top, side], 0.0, 0.01).unwrap();
+    assert!(rel(copy.area(1e-8).unwrap(), 200.0) < 1e-9);
+    // the body itself is unchanged
+    assert!(rel(b.volume(1e-8).unwrap(), 1000.0) < 1e-9);
+}
+
+/// A cylinder's side (r 10, h 20, one face closed round its seam) moved out by 2 keeps its seam
+/// joined, with radius 12: area 2π·12·20. Moved in past its axis: refused.
+#[test]
+fn a_cylinder_side_changes_radius() {
+    all_fixes();
+    let c = make_cylinder([0.0; 3], 10.0, 20.0).unwrap();
+    let (_, o) = c.to_record().unwrap();
+    let d = 10.0 / 2f64.sqrt();
+    let side = face_at(&c, &o, [d, d, 10.0]);
+    assert_eq!(
+        face_at(&c, &o, [-d, -d, 10.0]),
+        side,
+        "the side is one face"
+    );
+    let (out, _) = offset_surface(&c, &o, &[side], 2.0, 0.01).unwrap();
+    assert!(rel(out.area(1e-8).unwrap(), 2.0 * PI * 12.0 * 20.0) < 1e-7);
+    let (joined, _) = offset_surface(&c, &o, &[side], 0.0, 0.01).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        edges(&out),
+        edges(&joined),
+        "the side still closes on its seam"
+    );
+    assert!(offset_surface(&c, &o, &[side], -10.5, 0.01).is_err());
+}
+
+/// A ball (r 10) moved out by 2: its faces meet smoothly, so their offsets share every edge and
+/// close into the ball of radius 12 (area 4π·144, volume 4π·1728/3); moved in to its centre:
+/// refused.
+#[test]
+fn a_ball_closes_and_is_refused_at_its_centre() {
+    all_fixes();
+    let s = make_sphere([0.0; 3], 10.0).unwrap();
+    let (_, o) = s.to_record().unwrap();
+    let all: Vec<usize> = (0..o.faces.len()).collect();
+    let (out, closed) = offset_surface(&s, &o, &all, 2.0, 0.01).unwrap();
+    assert!(closed, "the offset ball closes into a solid");
+    assert_eq!(edges(&out), edges(&s));
+    assert!(rel(out.area(1e-8).unwrap(), 4.0 * PI * 144.0) < 1e-7);
+    assert!(rel(out.volume(1e-8).unwrap(), 4.0 / 3.0 * PI * 1728.0) < 1e-7);
+    assert!(offset_surface(&s, &o, &all, -10.0, 0.01).is_err());
+}
+
+/// Arguments: no face, a face twice, an index past the faces, a tolerance of 0.
+#[test]
+fn bad_arguments_are_refused() {
+    all_fixes();
+    let b = make_box([0.0; 3], [10.0; 3]).unwrap();
+    let (_, o) = b.to_record().unwrap();
+    assert!(offset_surface(&b, &o, &[], 1.0, 0.01).is_err());
+    assert!(offset_surface(&b, &o, &[0, 0], 1.0, 0.01).is_err());
+    assert!(offset_surface(&b, &o, &[6], 1.0, 0.01).is_err());
+    assert!(offset_surface(&b, &o, &[0], 1.0, 0.0).is_err());
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+//! Picks (tangency-labs/solidcore#3138): the face at a point, by the kernel's classification,
+//! none on an edge or off the body; and a pick grown across the edges where the kernel proves
+//! the two faces continue one surface.
+#![allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
+
+use solidcore_ops::split::{split_faces, Tool};
+use solidcore_ops::{make_box, session, Body, Order};
+use solidcore_record::brep::Surface;
+
+fn all_fixes() {
+    session::set_thread_fixes(solidcore::kernel::UpstreamFixes::NAMES.iter().copied()).unwrap();
+}
+
+/// A 10 cube's faces cut by the plane x = 5: the top is two halves on one plane definition.
+fn halved_cube() -> (Body, Order) {
+    let b = make_box([0.0; 3], [10.0; 3]).unwrap();
+    let (_, o) = b.to_record().unwrap();
+    let tool = Tool {
+        surface: Surface::Plane {
+            origin: [5.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+            u_axis: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
+            v_axis: [0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+        },
+        domain: [[-1.0, 11.0], [-1.0, 11.0]],
+    };
+    let all: Vec<usize> = (0..6).collect();
+    let (r, _) = split_faces(&b, &o, &all, &[tool]).unwrap().unwrap();
+    let (_, ro) = r.to_record().unwrap();
+    (r, ro)
+}
+
+/// The face at a point inside each top half is that half; a point on the line between them
+/// (an edge), on a box edge, or off the body picks no face.
+#[test]
+fn a_point_picks_the_face_it_lies_on_and_no_other() {
+    all_fixes();
+    let (b, o) = halved_cube();
+    assert_eq!(o.faces.len(), 10);
+    let left = b.face_at(&o, [2.5, 5.0, 10.0], 1e-6).unwrap().unwrap();
+    let right = b.face_at(&o, [7.5, 5.0, 10.0], 1e-6).unwrap().unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(left, right);
+    let c = b.face_centroid(&o, left, 1e-8).unwrap().centroid;
+    assert!(
+        (c[0] - 2.5).abs() < 1e-9 && (c[2] - 10.0).abs() < 1e-9,
+        "{c:?}"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        b.face_at(&o, [5.0, 5.0, 10.0], 1e-6).unwrap(),
+        None,
+        "on the split line"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        b.face_at(&o, [0.0, 5.0, 10.0], 1e-6).unwrap(),
+        None,
+        "on a box edge"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        b.face_at(&o, [5.0, 5.0, 20.0], 1e-6).unwrap(),
+        None,
+        "off the body"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        b.face_at(&o, [5.0, 5.0, 5.0], 1e-6).unwrap(),
+        None,
+        "inside the body"
+    );
+    assert!(b.face_at(&o, [5.0, 5.0, 10.0], 0.0).is_err());
+}
+
+/// One top half grows to the other across the split line (one plane definition, the same
+/// outward side: proved) and to nothing across the box's edges (another plane); with the
+/// split line kept, it stays alone.
+#[test]
+fn a_pick_grows_across_a_split_line_but_not_a_kept_one() {
+    all_fixes();
+    let (b, o) = halved_cube();
+    let left = b.face_at(&o, [2.5, 5.0, 10.0], 1e-6).unwrap().unwrap();
+    let right = b.face_at(&o, [7.5, 5.0, 10.0], 1e-6).unwrap().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        b.faces_on_one_surface(&o, &[left], &[]).unwrap(),
+        vec![left, right]
+    );
+    let line: Vec<usize> = (0..o.edges.len())
+        .filter(|&e| {
+            let m = b.edge_middle(&o, e).unwrap();
+            (m[0] - 5.0).abs() < 1e-9 && (m[2] - 10.0).abs() < 1e-9
+        })
+        .collect();
+    assert_eq!(line.len(), 1, "the split line on the top");
+    assert_eq!(
+        b.faces_on_one_surface(&o, &[left], &line).unwrap(),
+        vec![left]
+    );
+    assert!(b.faces_on_one_surface(&o, &[99], &[]).is_err());
+}
@@ -177,6 +177,27 @@ pub mod ids {
    /// id: the attribute carried to a replacement face is an entity's first of its id, so a
    /// mark sharing an id with one the face already carries would not travel.
    pub const DRAFT_MOVED: u64 = 136;
+    /// Not upstream (tangency-labs/solidcore#3138): how an offset made a face, set by the
+    /// offset executive on every face it relates to what it was made from, where those
+    /// relations are final (`OffsetExecutive::piecewise_merge`), with `Behavior::Copy` so a
+    /// split or merge after that carries it. Its value: [`OFFSET_ROLE_COPY`] (a face use's
+    /// offset copy), [`OFFSET_ROLE_EDGE`] (a face made along an edge: a sheet's wall, a
+    /// round about a convex edge) or [`OFFSET_ROLE_VERTEX`] (a face made at a vertex: a
+    /// ball). Every face of the original and of the offset loses the role an earlier offset
+    /// left on it first, so the role a face carries afterwards is this offset's.
+    pub const OFFSET_ROLE: u64 = 138;
+    /// [`OFFSET_ROLE`]'s value for a face use's offset copy.
+    pub const OFFSET_ROLE_COPY: i64 = 1;
+    /// [`OFFSET_ROLE`]'s value for a face made along an edge.
+    pub const OFFSET_ROLE_EDGE: i64 = 2;
+    /// [`OFFSET_ROLE`]'s value for a face made at a vertex.
+    pub const OFFSET_ROLE_VERTEX: i64 = 3;
+    /// Not upstream (tangency-labs/solidcore#3138): solidcore-ops' own operand tag, an
+    /// application attribute naming the operand faces and edges a result face or edge came
+    /// from, set before one ops call and read and removed after it (`solidcore_ops::history`).
+    /// Its own id below the applications' (`USER_1` and up), so no application's data is read
+    /// as it.
+    pub const OPS_HISTORY: u64 = 140;
    /// `SM_AI_METRIC_BASE`: first of the ids used by metric attributes (150-199).
    pub const METRIC_BASE: u64 = 150;
    /// `SM_AI_MASS_PROPERTIES`.
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
 use crate::boolean::merge::p4::KernelManifoldIntersector;
 use crate::curve::curve::{Curve, CurveKind};
 use crate::error::{ignore_status, ignored, EntityRef, Result, SolidError};
+use crate::geom::attribute::{ids, Attribute, Behavior};
 use crate::geom::context::{Context, MarkType};
 use crate::geom::extent1d::Extent1d;
 use crate::geom::extent2d::Extent2d;
@@ -1829,6 +1830,57 @@ impl OffsetExecutive {
 }

 impl OffsetExecutive {
+    /// Not upstream (tangency-labs/solidcore#3138): marks every face of the offset with how
+    /// it was made ([`ids::OFFSET_ROLE`]), from the executive's relations as they stand
+    /// before the merge, once every face that replaced another (the crossing loops' rebuilt
+    /// faces) has taken its place in them: a face use's offset copy, a face along an edge,
+    /// a face at a vertex; a closing face (a sheet's side wall, made along a lamina edge) is
+    /// a face along an edge too. Every face of `original` and of the offset first loses the
+    /// role an earlier offset left on it. A related face no longer in the offset is passed
+    /// over; a face related twice keeps its first role (copies, then edges, then vertices,
+    /// then closing faces).
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// A null-pointer error without an offset B-rep; those of the attribute store.
+    fn mark_offset_roles(&mut self, original: &mut Brep) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut roles: Vec<(FaceId, i64)> = Vec::new();
+        for fu in self.faceuse_to_faces.all_firsts() {
+            for f in self.faceuse_to_faces.seconds(fu) {
+                roles.push((f, ids::OFFSET_ROLE_COPY));
+            }
+        }
+        for e in self.edge_to_faces.all_firsts() {
+            for f in self.edge_to_faces.seconds(e) {
+                roles.push((f, ids::OFFSET_ROLE_EDGE));
+            }
+        }
+        for v in self.vertex_to_faces.all_firsts() {
+            for f in self.vertex_to_faces.seconds(v) {
+                roles.push((f, ids::OFFSET_ROLE_VERTEX));
+            }
+        }
+        // a sheet's side walls are not related to their edges (`build_side_wall_of_edgeuse`
+        // records them as closing faces only): each stands on one lamina edge
+        for &f in &self.closing_faces {
+            roles.push((f, ids::OFFSET_ROLE_EDGE));
+        }
+        clear_offset_roles(original)?;
+        let offset = required(self.offset_brep.as_mut())?;
+        clear_offset_roles(offset)?;
+        let mut marked: BTreeSet<FaceId> = BTreeSet::new();
+        let faces: BTreeSet<FaceId> = offset.face_list().iter().copied().collect();
+        for (f, role) in roles {
+            if faces.contains(&f) && marked.insert(f) {
+                offset.add_attribute(
+                    EntityRef::Face(f),
+                    Attribute::long(ids::OFFSET_ROLE, role, Behavior::Copy),
+                )?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
    /// Stitches or merges the assembled offset (`PiecewiseMerge`).
    ///
    /// On the non-merge path the B-rep is taken and relations are cleared *before*
@@ -1847,6 +1899,7 @@ impl OffsetExecutive {
        original: &mut Brep,
        notifications: Option<&mut OffsetNotifications<'_>>,
    ) -> Result<Brep> {
+        self.mark_offset_roles(original)?;
        if !self.merge_results {
            self.clear_relations();
            let mut result = required(self.offset_brep.take())?;
@@ -3380,6 +3433,27 @@ fn removed_faces_edgeuses(result: &Brep, faces: &[FaceId]) -> Result<BTreeSet<Ed
    Ok(gone)
 }

+/// Every [`ids::OFFSET_ROLE`] on the faces of `b` removed.
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Those of the attribute store.
+fn clear_offset_roles(b: &mut Brep) -> Result<()> {
+    for f in b.face_list().to_vec() {
+        let e = EntityRef::Face(f);
+        let marks: Vec<_> = b
+            .entity_attributes(e)
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter(|(_, a)| a.attribute_id() == ids::OFFSET_ROLE)
+            .map(|(h, _)| h)
+            .collect();
+        for h in marks {
+            b.remove_attribute(e, h)?;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ pub mod edge_turn;
 pub(crate) mod exact;
 pub mod face;
 mod face_surface;
+pub mod faces_continue;
 pub mod r#loop;
 pub mod normal;
 pub mod poly;
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+//! Whether two faces across an edge lie on one surface with the same outward side, proved on
+//! the surfaces' definitions: the test an application grows a pick across (a hole's wall
+//! stored in two halves opens whole in a shell).
+//!
+//! Upstream: none (not in SMLib; `SmSurface::CoincidenceCheck` samples a grid of point
+//! drops, [`crate::surface::surface::Surface::coincidence_check`], so it proves nothing).
+//!
+//! | Rust               | Upstream |
+//! |--------------------|----------|
+//! | [`faces_continue`] | (none)   |
+//! | [`Continues`]      | (none)   |
+//!
+//! **The proof.** Two surfaces are one surface when their definitions are identical: two
+//! planes with the same placement (origin and axes), two cones or cylinders with the same
+//! axis placement, radius at the origin, semi-angle and parameterisation flags, two spheres
+//! or two tori with the same placement, radii and flags. Every number is compared bit for
+//! bit, so no tolerance enters. Equal definitions have equal natural normals everywhere, so
+//! the faces' outward sides agree exactly when the uses of the two faces that face out of
+//! their material (for a sheet, its upward use) are both the same way round or both the
+//! opposite way round to their surfaces. Anything else (other kinds, definitions that differ
+//! in any number, a face with material on both sides) is [`Continues::Undecided`], never a
+//! guess.
+//!
+//! Deviations: not upstream (tangency-labs/solidcore#3138). No recursion.
+
+use crate::error::{Result, SolidError};
+use crate::mass::integrator::properties::region_material;
+use crate::nurbs::b_spline_surface_n_lib::p2::OrientType;
+use crate::surface::surface::{Surface, SurfaceKind};
+use crate::topology::edgeuse::p1 as eu;
+use crate::topology::face::p2::{face_side_regions, faceuses, surface};
+use crate::topology::{edge, Brep, EdgeId, FaceId, RegionId};
+
+const OP: &str = "query::faces_continue";
+
+/// What [`faces_continue`] proves.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Continues {
+    /// The two faces lie on one surface, their outward sides the same: proved.
+    Proved,
+    /// Not proved either way: the surfaces' definitions differ in some number or kind (they
+    /// may still be one surface), or a face has no side that faces out.
+    Undecided,
+}
+
+/// Whether faces `f` and `g`, both bounded by edge `e`, lie on one surface with the same
+/// outward side (see the module's proof).
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// [`SolidError::InvalidInput`] for `f` and `g` the same face or an edge that does not bound
+/// both; `UnsureRegion` for a side the kernel is unsure is material; `NotFound` for a dangling
+/// id.
+pub fn faces_continue(b: &Brep, f: FaceId, g: FaceId, e: EdgeId) -> Result<Continues> {
+    if f == g {
+        return Err(SolidError::invalid_input(OP, "one face"));
+    }
+    for face in [f, g] {
+        if edge::edgeuse_of_face(b, e, Some(face))?.is_none() {
+            return Err(SolidError::invalid_input(
+                OP,
+                "the edge does not bound the face",
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+    let (Some(sf), Some(sg)) = (surface(b, f)?, surface(b, g)?) else {
+        return Ok(Continues::Undecided);
+    };
+    if !same_definition(sf, sg) {
+        return Ok(Continues::Undecided);
+    }
+    Ok(
+        match (outward_orientation(b, f)?, outward_orientation(b, g)?) {
+            (Some(a), Some(c)) if a == c && a != OrientType::Unknown => Continues::Proved,
+            _ => Continues::Undecided,
+        },
+    )
+}
+
+/// Whether `a` and `b` have identical definitions, every number bit for bit.
+fn same_definition(a: &Surface, b: &Surface) -> bool {
+    let bits = |x: f64, y: f64| x.to_bits() == y.to_bits();
+    match (a.kind(), b.kind()) {
+        (SurfaceKind::Plane(p), SurfaceKind::Plane(q)) => p.position() == q.position(),
+        (SurfaceKind::Cone(c), SurfaceKind::Cone(d)) => {
+            c.rev.position == d.rev.position
+                && c.rev.swap_uv == d.rev.swap_uv
+                && bits(c.base_radius, d.base_radius)
+                && bits(c.semi_angle_deg, d.semi_angle_deg)
+                && c.inside_out == d.inside_out
+                && c.cylinder == d.cylinder
+        }
+        (SurfaceKind::Sphere(s), SurfaceKind::Sphere(t)) => {
+            s.base.position == t.base.position
+                && s.base.swap_uv == t.base.swap_uv
+                && bits(s.radius, t.radius)
+                && s.inside_out == t.inside_out
+        }
+        (SurfaceKind::Torus(s), SurfaceKind::Torus(t)) => {
+            s.base.position == t.base.position
+                && s.base.swap_uv == t.base.swap_uv
+                && bits(s.major_radius, t.major_radius)
+                && bits(s.minor_radius, t.minor_radius)
+                && s.inside_out == t.inside_out
+        }
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
+
+/// The orientation, to its surface, of face `f`'s use that faces out of its material: the
+/// use on the void side where material is on one side only; for a sheet (material on
+/// neither side) its primary use, the upward one; `None` with material on both sides or a
+/// use missing.
+fn outward_orientation(b: &Brep, f: FaceId) -> Result<Option<OrientType>> {
+    let (Some(x), Some(y)) = faceuses(b, f)? else {
+        return Ok(None);
+    };
+    let material = |r: Option<RegionId>| match r {
+        Some(r) => region_material(b, r),
+        None => Ok(false),
+    };
+    let [rx, ry] = face_side_regions(b, f)?;
+    let out = match (material(rx)?, material(ry)?) {
+        (true, false) => y,
+        (false, _) => x,
+        (true, true) => return Ok(None),
+    };
+    eu::faceuse_orientation(b, out).map(Some)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+//! `query::faces_continue` (tangency-labs/solidcore#3138): two faces across an edge are proved
+//! to continue one another only on identical surface definitions with the same outward side;
+//! anything else is undecided, never a guess.
+#![allow(clippy::unwrap_used, clippy::indexing_slicing)]
+
+use solidcore::boolean::api_brep::boolean_difference;
+use solidcore::math::Point3;
+use solidcore::primitive::api_primitives::{create_box, create_cylinder};
+use solidcore::query::faces_continue::{faces_continue, Continues};
+use solidcore::surface::surface::{Surface, SurfaceKind};
+use solidcore::topology::{edge, face, Brep, FaceId};
+use solidcore::Kernel;
+
+fn on_cylinder(b: &Brep, f: FaceId) -> bool {
+    matches!(
+        face::surface(b, f).unwrap().map(Surface::kind),
+        Some(SurfaceKind::Cone(_))
+    )
+}
+
+/// A plate drilled through: across every edge, the two faces continue one another exactly
+/// when both are the hole's (its wall stored in pieces on one cylinder); a plane beside a
+/// plane or the cylinder is undecided. Measured: how many hole edges are proved.
+#[test]
+fn a_hole_s_pieces_continue_and_nothing_else_does() {
+    let mut k = Kernel {
+        fixes: solidcore::kernel::UpstreamFixes::all(),
+        ..Kernel::default()
+    };
+    let plate = create_box(&mut k, Point3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), 30.0, 20.0, 6.0).unwrap();
+    let hole = create_cylinder(&mut k, Point3::new(15.0, 10.0, -1.0), 3.0, 8.0).unwrap();
+    let b = boolean_difference(&mut k, plate, hole).unwrap();
+    let (mut proved, mut undecided) = (0, 0);
+    for e in b.edge_list().to_vec() {
+        let faces = edge::faces(&b, e, None).unwrap();
+        let [f, g] = faces[..] else { continue };
+        if f == g {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let r = faces_continue(&b, f, g, e).unwrap();
+        let both = on_cylinder(&b, f) && on_cylinder(&b, g);
+        assert_eq!(r == Continues::Proved, both, "edge {e:?}: {r:?}");
+        if both {
+            proved += 1;
+        } else {
+            undecided += 1;
+        }
+    }
+    eprintln!("faces_continue: {proved} hole edges proved, {undecided} edges undecided");
+    assert!(undecided >= 12, "the plate's own edges and the hole's rims");
+    // an edge that bounds neither face, and one face twice, are the caller's error
+    let f = b.face_list()[0];
+    assert!(faces_continue(&b, f, f, b.edge_list()[0]).is_err());
+}